Where does the confidence of China people come from?

China's Tang suit is not the key, but the powerful Tang Dynasty is the key. ......

"The Tang Dynasty (6 18 ~907) is one of the most important dynasties in the history of China, and it is also recognized as one of the most powerful times in China.

The Tang Dynasty made brilliant achievements in culture, politics, economy and diplomacy, and was one of the most powerful countries in the world at that time.

The Tang Dynasty and Sui Dynasty are regarded by historian Huang Renyu as the second imperial period of China after Qin and Han Dynasties, while Japanese historians generally believe that the Tang Dynasty was the end of China's "Middle Ages". The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was one of the best in China's history, so China people were also called "Tangren", and today China people in the west are also called "Chinatown". "

-Excerpted from Baidu Encyclopedia, Tang Dynasty

Chinese characters-compared with Tang costumes, Chinese characters themselves can make China people more proud; Chinese characters are one of the best aesthetic and cultural characters in the world, and Chinese is also one of the most beautiful and attractive languages in the world. Moreover, the Han Dynasty is also a great history of China-

"The Han Dynasty was a great period in the history of the world at that time. During the period from Emperor Gaozu to Han Wenjing, its economic strength soared and it became the first empire in the East, and it was called two empires together with western Rome. The powers in Central Asia and the Western Regions are also frightened. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Empire had become the most powerful empire in the world, and the Xiongnu Empire was defeated and fled to the north. Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions opened up the famous "Silk Road" for the first time, and opened the channel of East-West trade. From then on, China became the center of the world trade system until the Mongolian rebellion more than 1000 years later. It is precisely because the voice of the Han Dynasty spread far and wide that foreigners began to call China "Han", and Han people were happy to call themselves that. Since then, "Han" has become the eternal name of the great Chinese nation in China.

The second unified dynasty in China was founded by Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu. Chang 'an is the capital of its early period, also known as the Western Han Dynasty and the Pre-Han Dynasty. In the later period, Luoyang was the capital, also known as the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Later Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty was a prosperous dynasty in the early feudal society of China. It inherited and consolidated the unified country that began in the Qin Dynasty, with prosperous economy, strong national strength and happy people, showing a scene of peace and prosperity. During this period, China has been standing in the world as a world power. Therefore, the Western Han Dynasty is regarded as the first golden age in the history of China. In the Western Han Dynasty, * * * spread to the 14th Emperor, which lasted 2 10 years.

The Western Han Dynasty is an important period in the development history of the Chinese nation, and the core Han nationality of all ethnic groups in China appeared in this period. Since the unification of China by Qin Shihuang, the cultures of various countries infiltrated and merged in the pre-Warring States period. In the Western Han Dynasty, China gradually unified in many aspects, such as laws and regulations, language, culture and education, customs and habits, thus forming the * * * China culture. Since then, a unified Han nationality has emerged among all ethnic groups in China. Both the Han nationality and the surrounding ethnic minorities were members of the multi-ethnic countries in China in the Han Dynasty. Because of its high degree of civilization, the Han nationality has always been in a dominant position among the fraternal nationalities in China, which is the result of historical development and natural formation. Since the Han Dynasty, although the name of the dynasty has changed, the status of the Han nationality as the main ethnic group in China has never changed. "

-From Baidu Encyclopedia, Han Dynasty

Four great inventions-In the history of human civilization, the four great inventions are one of the symbols that China has become an ancient civilization, and their influence on the world is self-evident; But as Mr. Lu Xun said-"Foreign countries use gunpowder as bullets to defend the enemy, but China uses it as firecrackers to worship the gods; Foreign countries use a compass to sail, but China uses it to see Feng Shui. "

..... So-China people who eat their own money only have self-confidence on their faces, and only have Ah Q-style "feeling too good about themselves"; Our confidence in Lizi and the confidence given to us by foreigners can only be won by our present scientific and technological inventions in China.

China culture-recognized by most people in the world. ......

"China culture is also called Chinese civilization. It is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the longest-lasting civilization in the world. "

Traditional culture includes-

"Lunar Calendar-Martial Arts-Twenty-eight Nights-Couplets-Dragon-Five Elements Theory-Eight Diagrams-Traditional Festivals in China-Ancient Philosophy in China-Confucianism-Strange Way-Tea Art."

The traditional subject is-

"Mathematics: Zhou Shu Shu Jing; Nine Chapters of Arithmetic (written by Liu Hui of Three Kingdoms); Zu Chongzhi; Abacus.

Astronomy: astronomical observation records, the invention of observation instruments: standard watches; Armature; Jane instrument; High table; Yang Yi, making calendars (lunar calendar).

Medicine: Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine and Mongolian medicine.

Agronomy: Yao Min's Book, Shui Jing Zhu, and Li Daoyuan's Shui Jing Zhu.

Four great inventions: papermaking, printing, gunpowder and compass.

Architecture: Visit China's architecture, gardens, temples, palaces, Forbidden City, Epang Palace, pagodas, Wan Li Great Wall and mausoleums.

Painting: Chinese painting, riverside scene on Qingming Festival.

Calligraphy: bronze inscription-seal script-official script-regular script-running script-cursive script-hard pen calligraphy.

Music: China folk music, China opera, traditional folk songs.

Handicrafts: paper-cutting, Chinese embroidery.

Dance: ancient dance, Zhou Dynasty elegant music, big dance, small dance, Han Dynasty Yuefu, Tang Dynasty music dance, modern dance, ribbon dance, martial arts, fan dance.

Beijing Opera, Pingju Opera, Yue Opera, Cantonese Opera, Ancient Painting Opera, xiang opera.

Quyi: Crosstalk, Taiwanese Opera, Shadow Play, Puppet Show, Nanqu Opera and Gaojia Opera.

Drama film and television: China film, China film history, China TV, Chinese TV history.

Clothing: See China Clothing.

Diet: Please refer to Chinese food.

Eight major cuisines: Sichuan cuisine (Sichuan cuisine)

Hunan cuisine (Hunan cuisine)

Cantonese cuisine (Cantonese cuisine)

Jiangsu cuisine (Jiangsu cuisine)

Shandong cuisine (Shandong cuisine)

Zhejiang cuisine (Zhejiang cuisine)

Fujian cuisine (Fujian cuisine)

Anhui Cuisine (anhui cuisine)

chopsticks

Education: imperial academy, Imperial College, Imperial Examination System, Private Schools, Academies, imperial academy.

Literature: Look at China's classical literature.

China myth.

China's fable.

China allusions.

China's novels.

China's poems.

Sports: Chess-Go-Wushu (Kung Fu)-Qigong-Cuju-Mahjong. "

"To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must enhance the vitality of Chinese civilization, not only to expand its scope, but also to enhance its attractiveness through inheritance, development and innovation."

-Excerpted from Baidu Encyclopedia, China Culture

Vast territory-not the key, but the key is to have rich resources in China's vast land. ......

"The total amount of energy resources is relatively rich. China is rich in fossil energy resources. Among them, coal is the main. In 2006, the coal reserves were103.45 million tons, and the remaining proven recoverable reserves accounted for about 13% of the world, ranking third in the world. The proven reserves of petroleum and natural gas resources are relatively insufficient, and unconventional fossil energy reserves such as oil shale and coalbed methane have great potential. China is rich in renewable energy resources. The theoretical reserves of hydraulic resources are equivalent to the annual power generation of 6. 1.9 trillion kwh, and the economically exploitable annual power generation is about 1.76 trillion kwh, which is equivalent to 1.02% of the world's hydraulic resources, ranking first in the world. "

—— Excerpted from Baidu Encyclopedia "China Energy Situation and Policy".

The population is the first in the world-not the key, but the key is to have a large number of outstanding talents. ......

"The per capita energy resources are very low. China has a large population, and its per capita energy resources are at a low level in the world. The per capita possession of coal and water resources is equivalent to 50% of the world average, while the per capita resources of oil and natural gas are only about115 of the world average. Cultivated land resources are less than 30% of the world's average level, which restricts the development of biomass energy. "

"The distribution of energy resources is unbalanced. China's energy resources are widely distributed, but unbalanced. Coal resources are mainly distributed in North China and Northwest China, water resources are mainly distributed in Southwest China, and oil and natural gas resources are mainly distributed in eastern, central and western regions and sea areas. The main energy consumption areas in China are concentrated in the economically developed southeast coastal areas, and the regional differences in resource occurrence and energy consumption are obvious. Large-scale long-distance transportation of coal from the north to the south, oil from the north to the south, gas transmission from the west to the east and electricity transmission from the west to the east are the remarkable characteristics of energy flow direction and the basic pattern of energy transportation in China.

It is difficult to develop energy resources. Compared with the world, the geological mining conditions of coal resources in China are poor, most of the reserves need underground mining, and a very small amount can be used for open-pit mining. The geological conditions of petroleum and natural gas resources are complex, buried deeply, and the technical requirements for exploration and development are high. The undeveloped hydraulic resources are mostly concentrated in the mountains and valleys in the southwest, far from the load center, which is difficult to develop and costly. Unconventional energy resources have low exploration degree, poor economy and lack of competitiveness.

Since the reform and opening up, China's energy industry has developed rapidly, which has made important contributions to ensuring the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, mainly in the following aspects:

The supply capacity has been significantly improved. After decades of efforts, China has initially formed an energy supply pattern with coal as the main body, electricity as the center and comprehensive development of oil, gas and renewable energy, and basically established a relatively complete energy supply system. A number of 10 million-ton super-large coal mines have been built. In 2006, the total output of primary energy was 226,543.8 million tons of standard coal, ranking second in the world. The output of raw coal is 2.37 billion tons, ranking first in the world. Several large oil production bases such as Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe and Tarim have been built one after another. In 2006, the output of crude oil reached 65.438+0.85 billion tons, achieving steady growth, ranking fifth in the world. Natural gas production has increased rapidly, from198 billion cubic meters to 586 billion cubic meters in 2006. The proportion of commercial renewable energy in the primary energy structure has gradually increased. Power has developed rapidly, with installed capacity and power generation reaching 622 million kilowatts and 2.87 trillion kilowatt hours respectively, ranking second in the world. The comprehensive energy transportation system has developed rapidly and its transportation capacity has been significantly enhanced. The special railway line and port terminal for transporting coal from west to east have been built, and the pipeline network for transporting oil from north to south has been formed, and the main line for transporting gas from west to east has been built, thus realizing the interconnection of power transmission from west to east and regional power grids.

The energy-saving effect is remarkable. From 1980 to 2006, China's energy consumption supported the national economy's average annual growth of 9.8% with an average annual growth of 5.6%. At constant prices in 2005, the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP decreased from 3.39 tons of standard coal +0.2 1 ton of standard coal in 2006, with an average annual energy saving rate of 3.9%, which reversed the rising trend of energy consumption per unit of GDP in recent years. The comprehensive efficiency of energy processing, conversion, storage and transportation and terminal utilization is 33%, which is 8 percentage points higher than that of 1980. The energy consumption per unit product has obviously decreased, and the gap between the comprehensive energy consumption of steel, cement, large-scale synthetic ammonia and coal consumption for power supply and the international advanced level has been narrowing.

The consumption structure has been optimized. China's energy consumption has ranked second in the world. In 2006, the total primary energy consumption was 2.46 billion tons of standard coal. China attaches great importance to optimizing the energy consumption structure. The proportion of coal in primary energy consumption decreased from 72.2% in 1980 to 69.4% in 2006, and the proportion of other energy sources increased from 27.8% to 30.6%. Among them, the proportion of renewable energy and nuclear power increased from 4.0% to 7.2%, and oil and natural gas increased. The optimization trend of terminal energy consumption structure is obvious. The proportion of coal energy converted into electricity increased from 20.7% to 49.6%, and the proportion of commodity energy and clean energy in residents' daily energy consumption increased significantly.

The level of science and technology has improved rapidly. China has made remarkable achievements in energy science and technology, and the basic research achievements marked by "theory and application of continental oil generation" have greatly promoted the development of petroleum geological science and technology theory. The oil and gas industry has formed a relatively complete exploration and development technology system, especially the exploration and development of complex blocks and enhanced oil recovery are second to none in the world. A number of large-scale mines with international advanced level have been built in the coal industry, and the comprehensive mechanization of coal mining in key coal mines has been significantly improved. In the electric power industry, advanced power generation technology and high-capacity and high-parameter units have been widely used, the design, engineering technology and equipment manufacturing of hydropower stations have reached the world advanced level, nuclear power has initially possessed the independent design and engineering construction capability of million kilowatt pressurized water reactors, and major breakthroughs have been made in the research and development of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and fast breeder reactors. Pollution control such as flue gas desulfurization and the development and utilization of renewable energy have been rapidly improved. Positive and negative 500 kV DC and 750 kV AC transmission demonstration projects were successively completed and put into operation, and positive and negative 800 kV DC and 1000 kV AC UHV transmission test demonstration projects started construction.

Progress has been made in environmental protection. China government attaches great importance to environmental protection, and strengthening environmental protection has become a basic national policy, and the awareness of environmental protection in all walks of life has generally improved. 1992 After the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, China organized and formulated the "China 2 1 Century Agenda", which comprehensively strengthened environmental protection by legal and economic means and made positive progress. China's energy policy also focuses on reducing and effectively controlling environmental damage and pollution caused by energy development and utilization. In 2006, the installation rate of dust removal facilities and the standard rate of wastewater discharge of coal-fired units reached nearly 100%, and the total amount of smoke and dust discharge was basically the same as 1980, and the smoke and dust discharge per unit electricity was reduced by 90%. In 2006, the installed capacity of desulfurization thermal power units completed and put into operation nationwide reached 65.438+0.4 billion kilowatts, exceeding the previous total of 654.38+0 years, and the proportion of thermal power units equipped with desulfurization facilities in the total installed capacity of thermal power increased from 2% in 2000 to 30%.

The market environment has gradually improved. China's energy market environment has gradually improved, and the reform of the energy industry has steadily advanced. Breakthroughs have been made in the reorganization of energy enterprises, and a modern enterprise system has been basically established. Diversification of investment subjects, rapid growth of energy investment and continuous expansion of market scale. The production and circulation of the coal industry have basically achieved marketization. The electric power industry has realized the separation of government and enterprise, the separation of power plant and network, and established a supervision institution. The oil and gas industry has basically realized the integration of upstream and downstream, domestic and foreign trade. The energy price reform has been deepened and the price mechanism has been continuously improved. "

—— Excerpted from Baidu Encyclopedia "China Energy Situation and Policy".

Foreign exchange reserves rank first in the world-not the key, but having the third and fourth GDP in the world is the key. ......

The growth rate of world GDP is one of the keys, but more importantly, the comprehensive national strength including GDP is ahead of the world. ......

"1936 China's GDP was the second in the world, and its economy was not weak in 24 years of the Republic of China (1936, before World War II). To be sure, China's GDP at that time ranked second in the world, only lower than that of the United States and twice that of Japan. Due to the large population, the per capita GDP of the United States is about 1/9, and that of Japan is about 1/4. "

-from 1936 China's GDP ranks second in the world.

"Between 3 1 and 37 years. .....

First of all, Japan's industrial output value surpassed agriculture at 1928, which can truly reflect Japan's economic structure and comprehensive national strength. The data comes from the History of East Asian Economic Development;

Second, since the Great Depression broke out and spread all over the world, during the period of 1929- 193 1, Japan's exports decreased by 76.5%, imports decreased by 7 1.7%, the operating rate of major industries was only 50%, the output dropped significantly, and the total industrial output decreased by 32.9%. Ships fell by 88.2%. By 193 1, the number of unemployed and underemployed people in Japan had reached 4 million, while by 193 1, the number of strikers in Japan reached a record 24 15. Similarly, agricultural output value has also dropped by 40%. Although there was a bumper harvest in Japan in 1930, the price of rice dropped by half. By the end of 193 1, due to the Japanese financial crisis, the international financial market sold a lot of yen, and Japan's national gold reserve was only 470 million US dollars, and Japan was forced to leave the gold standard. (The above information comes from:; )

Third, Japan's crisis countermeasures began with 193 1, and the Japanese government began to adopt: Under the guidance of a series of economic domination laws, various departments forcibly organized trusts and cartels, and the Japanese government placed huge orders to chaebol enterprises, and provided huge subsidies and preferential prices to enterprises that accepted orders. At the same time, the government has also fostered a number of new chaebol based on the military industry, and Nissan is one of them. Nevertheless, it was not until 1937 that Japan's heavy industry rose to 57.8% of its industrial output value, while Japan's fiber industry only increased by 20% in the same period.

Fourth, Japan's arms expansion policy before 1937.

Pass:; Through a series of economic rules and the integration of various economic measures, by 1937, Japan's eight chaebols and five new chaebols controlled 27.2% of the total capital of Japanese companies and completely controlled all economic sectors. During the six years between 193 1- 1937, Japan's fiscal expansion policy, which mainly stimulated military production, increased the total fiscal volume of the Japanese government by 50% in six years. From193147.6 million yen in 0 year to 2.282 billion yuan in10.936 year. At the same time, Japan's military expenditure increased from $454 million per year to 1.93 1 .936. Japan's GDP is 146 billion yen, and Japan's national debt to meet the needs of war has exceeded10 billion yen. In the past six years, Japan's investment in Japan's military economy reached 7 billion yen, of which 25% was used to build state-owned military industrial factories and 75% was used to invest in private capital. At the same time, the military expenditure from 654.38+0936 has directly accounted for nearly 50% of the Japanese government expenditure.

Japan is the first one out of the world economic crisis, and the time is between 1932 and 1933. At that time, Japan took the initiative to devalue its currency by 35%, which seriously impacted the already dangerous world market at that time. At that time, Japan's exports were temporarily called "yellow peril" exports, while 193 1-65438. Predatory economic policies and dumping policies not only provided reliable and necessary material guarantee and sales market for Japanese economy, but more importantly, Japan saw opportunities in military adventures.

Maybe some people judged that China and Japan were not at the same level at that time from the degree of industrialization, but regardless of their views, they should admit Japan's economic strength in 193 1, not to mention the consumption of supporting a full-scale war, and even the consumption of supporting a local war is extremely limited, which can already be proved by the Shanghai Anti-Japanese War of 1.28. Moreover, in order to resist Japan, the National Government had to make great preparations. Regrettably, from the available information, Japan's war preparations far exceeded our then national government. In a word, from 193 1 to 1937, the strength gap between China and Japan is increasing rather than narrowing. During this period, the Northeast played a key role in the growth of Japan's strength, so the Japanese.

-Excerpted from /question/36329 146.html? si= 1

Beijing Olympic Games-This question, speak with facts.

By 23: 59 on August 14, 2008, the top five gold medals in Beijing Olympic Games were as follows:

Total number of gold, silver and bronze medals in countries and regions

1 China

2 USA 10 9 15 34

3 Korea 6 7 3 16

Italy 6 4 3 13

5 Germany 6 2 3 1 1

The top five in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games are as follows:

1 USA

2 China 32 17 14