Faraday's Quotes
Quotes
Even the most successful scientist, among his ten hopes and preliminary conclusions, Less than one can actually achieve it.
Frustration is a blessing in disguise.
I hope that you, the younger generation, can be like a candle that illuminates people, with warmth and light, loyal and down-to-earth, and contribute your strength to the great cause of mankind.
There is only ignorance, no dissatisfaction.
I can’t say that I don’t cherish these honors, and I admit that they are valuable, but I have never worked to pursue these honors.
Once science gives wings to fantasy, it can win.
Strive for success, but don’t expect success.
Love is not only synonymous with friendship, but also a reliable guarantee for our struggle for the same cause. Love is a good companion in life. The reason why you sleep with the woman you love is because* The same ideals bind the two hearts tightly together.
Character introduction
Michael Faraday (1791 AD - 1867 AD), a world-famous self-taught scientist, British physicist, chemist, and inventor of electricity Inventor of the engine and electric motor.
Born on September 22, 1791 in Newington, Surrey, into a poor blacksmith family. Due to family poverty, he only attended elementary school for a few years and became an apprentice in a bookstore when he was 13 years old. Working in a bookstore gave him the opportunity to read many scientific books. In addition to delivering newspapers and binding, he taught himself chemistry and electricity, and conducted simple experiments to verify the contents of the book. In his spare time, he participated in the study activities of the Municipal Philosophy Society and listened to lectures on natural philosophy, thus receiving basic education in natural science. Because of his love for scientific research and his dedication to his work, he was appreciated by the British chemist David, who recommended him to the Royal Institution as a laboratory assistant in March 1813. This was a turning point in Farah's life, and from then on he embarked on the path of dedicating himself to scientific research. In October of the same year, David went to the European continent for scientific investigation and lectures, and Faraday accompanied him as his secretary and assistant. It lasted for one and a half years, and I passed through France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and other countries, and got acquainted with famous scholars such as Ampere and Guy-Lussac. Along the way, Faraday assisted David in many chemical experiments, which greatly enriched his scientific knowledge, increased his experimental talents, and laid the foundation for his subsequent independent scientific research. In May 1815, he returned to the Royal Institution to conduct chemical research under the guidance of David. He was elected a member of the Royal Society in January 1824, director of the laboratory of the Royal Institute in February 1825, and professor of chemistry at the Royal Institute from 1833 to 1862. In 1846 he was awarded the Rumford Medal and the Royal Medal. Died on August 25, 1867.
Our age is the age of electricity, but in fact we sometimes call it the space age and sometimes we call it the atomic age. But no matter how profound the significance of space travel and atomic weapons, they have relatively little impact on our daily lives. It won't do anything. Yet we use electrical appliances all the time. In fact, no technological feature has penetrated the contemporary world as completely as the use of electricity.
Many people have made contributions to electricity, including Charles Augustin Coulomb, Count Alessandro Volta, Hans Christian Oersted, and Andrew Marie Ampere. Waiting is among the most important people. But head and shoulders above everyone else were two great British scientists, Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. Although the two complement each other to a certain extent, they are not collaborators. Each of these contributions is enough to rank me high on this roster.
September 22, 1791 was a glorious day. Michael Faraday, a generation of scientific giants, was born into a poor blacksmith family in Newington, Surrey, England. Faraday's life was great, but Faraday's childhood was very miserable.
To make a living, the young Michael Faraday, who was only nine years old, had to shoulder the burden of life and work as an apprentice in a stationery store.
Four years later, 13-year-old Faraday went to a bookstore as an apprentice. At first he was responsible for delivering newspapers, and later he worked as a bookbinder. What is the true saying? When Heaven is about to entrust a person with a great responsibility, he must first strain his mind, strain his muscles and bones, and starve his body. And he took advantage of the opportunity to read widely. When he was twenty years old, he listened to the lectures of the famous British scientist Mr. Humphrey Davy and became very interested in it. He wrote to David and finally got a job as David's assistant. Faraday made his major discovery within a few years. Although his mathematical foundation was not good, as an experimental physicist he was unparalleled.
In 1810, the nineteen-year-old Faraday listened to more than a dozen lectures on natural philosophy given by J. Tatum and began to participate in the study activities of the Municipal Philosophy Society, from which he received basic education in natural philosophy. From February to April 1812, the 21-year-old Faraday was fortunate enough to listen to H. David's four chemistry lectures at the Royal Institution. The great chemist's profound knowledge immediately attracted the young Faraday. He enthusiastically relayed each of David's scientific ideas to his companions at the Municipal Philosophical Society. He carefully organized the lecture notes and bound them into a beautiful book, named "Sir H. Davy's Lectures", and attached a letter expressing his desire to do scientific research, and sent it to Davy on Christmas Eve in 1812. . Davy was moved by Faraday's passion for science, and he was deeply gratified by the "exquisite record book" he carefully compiled and bound. At this time, his apprenticeship was over, so Davitt recommended him to enter the Royal Institution in March 1813. Be his assistant. In October of the same year, he followed David to the European continent for a scientific investigation trip. This trip enabled Faraday to attend a "social university". Along the way, he carefully recorded the content of David's lectures in various places, learned a lot of scientific knowledge, and got to know many famous scientists, such as Guy Lussac and Ampere. . Increased knowledge and broadened horizons. By returning to the Royal Institution in May 1815, Faraday was able to do independent research work under Davy's guidance and achieved several chemical research results. In 1816 Faraday published his first scientific paper. From 18I8 onwards, he collaborated with J. Stoddart to study alloy steel and pioneered the metallographic analysis method. In 1820, he used substitution reaction to produce hexachloroethane and tetrachloroethylene. In 1821 he was appointed director of the Royal Academy Laboratory. In 1823, he discovered a method for liquefying chlorine and other gases. In January 1824 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. In February 1825, he succeeded David as director of the laboratory of the Royal Institution. Benzene was discovered in the same year.
What is more important is his contribution to electrochemistry (the study of chemical effects produced by electric current). After many careful experiments, Faraday summarized two laws of electrolysis, both of which were named after him and formed the basis of electrochemistry. He gave popular names to many important terms in chemistry, such as anode, cathode, electrode, ion, etc.
In 1821, Faraday completed his first major electrical invention. Two years earlier, Oersted had discovered that if an electric current passed through a circuit, the magnetic needle of an ordinary compass would shift near it. Faraday was inspired by this and thought that if the magnet was fixed, the coil might move. Based on this idea, he succeeded in inventing a simple device. Within the device, the wire rotates around a magnet as long as there is current flowing through it. In fact, Faraday invented the first electric motor, the first device that used electric current to move an object. Although a crude device, it is the ancestor of all electric motors used in the world today.
This is a major breakthrough. But its practical use was still very limited, because at that time there was no other way to generate electricity except using crude batteries.
It is known that stationary magnets do not cause current to flow in nearby circuits. In 1831, Faraday discovered that when the first magnet passes through a closed circuit, a current will be generated in the circuit. This effect is called electromagnetic induction. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction is generally considered to be one of his greatest contributions.
There are two reasons why this discovery can go down in history. First, Faraday's law is more important for the theoretical understanding of electromagnetism. Second, electromagnetic induction can be used to generate a continuous electric current, as Faraday demonstrated with the first electrical generator he invented (a Faraday disk). Although the modern generators that power towns and factories are much more complex than Faraday's motor, they are all based on the same principle of electromagnetic induction.
It was Faraday who introduced the important concepts of magnetic field lines and electric force lines into physics. By emphasizing that it was not the magnets themselves but the "field" between them, he paved the way for many advances in contemporary physics, including Maxwell's equation. Faraday also discovered that if polarized light passes through a magnetic field, its polarization changes. This discovery is of special significance, as it showed for the first time that there is a certain relationship between light and magnetism. In March 1813, the famous chemist David recommended Faraday to be his assistant experimenter in the laboratory of the Royal Institution. From then on, Faraday embarked on a scientific career. research path.
In 1820, Oersted discovered the magnetic effect of electric current, which attracted the attention of the scientific community. In 1821, the editor-in-chief of the British "Annals of Philosophy" invited David to write an article commenting on Oersted's discovery. An overview of the theoretical development of electromagnetic experiments since then. David gave this job to Faraday. In the process of collecting data, Faraday developed a great enthusiasm for electromagnetic phenomena and began to turn to the study of electromagnetism. He carefully analyzed phenomena such as the magnetic effect of electric current and believed that since electricity can produce magnetism, magnetism should also be able to produce electricity. He therefore attempted to produce an electric current from the action of stationary magnetic force on a wire or coil, but his efforts failed. After nearly 10 years of continuous experiments, Faraday finally discovered in 1831 that although the magnetic force of one energized coil cannot cause current in another coil, when the current of the energized coil is first connected or interrupted, the current in the other coil will The meter pointer has a slight deflection. Faraday was bright-eyed, and after repeated experiments, he confirmed that when the magnetic force changes, an electric current will be generated in the other coil. He also designed various experiments. For example, when two coils move relative to each other, changes in magnetic force can also produce electric current. In this way, Faraday finally unveiled the law of electromagnetic induction through experiments. Faraday's discovery cleared the way for exploring the nature of electromagnetism and opened up a new way to generate large amounts of electric current outside of batteries. Based on this experiment, Faraday invented the disc generator on October 28, 1831. This was Faraday's second major electrical invention. Although this disc generator has a simple structure, it is the first generator created by mankind. It started with the generators that produce electricity in the modern world.
Faraday’s life was great, and Faraday was ordinary. He was very enthusiastic about popularizing science. Shortly after he became director of the Royal Institution Laboratory, he initiated Friday evening seminars and Christmas seminars. Children's Science Lecture. He has lectured at more than 100 Friday evening seminars and has lectured at the Christmas Junior Science Lecture for nineteen years. His popular science lectures, which explain the profound things in simple terms and are accompanied by rich demonstration experiments, are very popular. Faraday is also enthusiastic Public undertakings, he has long served many public and private institutions in the UK. He is simple, unsociable, not seeking fame and wealth, and likes to help relatives and friends. In order to concentrate on scientific research, he gave up all commercial jobs with generous rewards. He declined in 1857 The Royal Society planned to nominate him as its president. He was willing to fulfill his promise of dedicating himself to science as a civilian, working in the Royal Society's laboratory for the rest of his life and being an ordinary Michael Faraday.
On August 25, 1867, civilian Michael Faraday passed away peacefully in his study.
A generation of scientific superstar passed away after composing his extraordinary life and leaving priceless treasures to mankind.
Personal life
Faraday was born in Newington, England, close to the current Elephant and Castle in London. The financial situation of Faraday's family was not good. His father, James, was a blacksmith and a member of the Christian Sandimanian sect. He came to London from northwest England in the 1780s. Because his family was poor, he had to rely on self-study to gain knowledge. At the age of 14, he became a protégé of George Leiber, a bookbinder and salesman. During his seven-year apprenticeship, he read a large number of books, including Isaac Watts's "The Improvement of Understanding." Faraday has always followed the principles and suggestions for learning in the book. In addition, he also got a lot of inspiration from "Chemistry Chat" written by Ms. Jane Marcy. During this extensive reading, Faraday gradually developed an interest in science, especially electricity.
In 1812, at the age of twenty, as his career as a disciple came to an end, Faraday began to attend lectures by Humphrey Davy, a member of the prestigious Royal Research Institution and President of the Royal Society. Lecture given by Sir John Tatum, founder of the Municipal Philosophical Society. Tickets to attend these lectures were mostly given to Faraday by William Tans (one of the founders of the Royal Philharmonic Society). Later, Faraday showed David his 300 pages of notes that he had carefully transcribed and quoted from during his speech. David immediately gave him a very friendly and positive reply. Therefore, after David suffered an accident during a nitrogen trichloride experiment and his eyesight was damaged, he hired Faraday as his secretary. When one of the Royal Institution's assistants, John Patron, left, they asked Davy to find a replacement. Davy recommended Faraday as a chemical assistant on March 1, 1813. Because Faraday's new employer in the printing press, Henry Delaroche, had a bad temper, he left his old job without hesitation.
In the class-conscious British society at that time, Faraday, who came from a humble background, was not recognized as a gentleman. In May 1813, David embarked on a long tour of Europe. Since his attendant did not want to follow, Faraday originally followed as an assistant, but was asked to also serve as David's servant until a replacement could be found in Paris. In the end, David was unable to find a replacement, and Faraday was forced to serve as both servant and assistant throughout the trip. David's wife Jane April was unwilling to treat Faraday as an equal and asked him to sit outside the carriage and eat with the servants when traveling. Faraday's situation became increasingly miserable, and he even began to consider returning to England alone to give up scientific research. However, this trip also brought him into contact with many scientific elites in Europe, which stimulated many of his ideas. Adversity ultimately did not stop Faraday from making scientific contributions. Soon after his trip, Faraday surpassed Davy in his achievements.
His sponsor and advisor was John Mad Jack Fuller, who created the Fullerian Professorship of Chemistry at the Royal Institutions.
In 1824, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1825 he was appointed director of the laboratory. In 1833 he was elected to the Royal Academy for life, serving without lecturing.
Faraday was a highly devout believer. He was a believer in the Sandimanian sect (a branch of the Church of Scotland) and served as an elder for two terms. This sect was founded by the Scottish Presbyterian minister Glass in 1730. This sect requires complete belief and commitment. Biographers once believed that "a sense of integration between God and nature ran through Faraday's life and work." Faraday married Sarah Barnard in 1821, but he had no children. They met through their attendance at the Sandemanian Church.
Although Faraday only received little formal education, which made his knowledge of advanced mathematics (such as calculus) relatively limited, it is undeniable that Faraday is still one of the most influential scientists in history. Some historians of science consider him the best experimentalist in the history of science. His scientific knowledge may have been mainly learned while serving as an assistant to another scientist, Davy. Therefore, although Faraday did not receive higher education, Humphrey Davy can still be regarded as Faraday. supervisor. ;