At the end of January 1951, after the Fourth Battle to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea started, the supply of our army's front lines was very difficult. It can be said that everything was tight and everything was lacking.

The U.S. military relied on its armaments superiority to carry out large-scale and devastating bombings in the northern part of North Korea. Due to the terrain conditions of many mountains and rivers in northern North Korea, as long as one area is bombed, all surrounding railways, highways and other transportation lines are often damaged.

Under this situation, Hong Xuezhi was entrusted by Peng Dehuai to establish the Volunteer Army Rear Service Command and concurrently served as the logistics commander. He was mainly responsible for managing all logistics organizations and facilities in North Korea.

He was ordered at the critical moment and faced many difficulties. Not only did he not shrink from the lack of supplies, but also relied on his sufficient experience in combat readiness and supply to successfully turn the logistics support around and help the volunteers successfully win the counterattack. .

Speaking of Hong Xuezhi, everyone knows that he is the only "six-star general" in China.

After the end of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Hong Xuezhi was awarded the rank of general by the Central Military Commission because of his outstanding personal contributions. Then in 1988, because of his outstanding work performance in the mid-to-late 1970s, he was awarded the rank of general again, and the "six-star general" came from this.

But such a military commander with superb tactics did not even finish elementary school.

Therefore, Admiral Lyons, the commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet who had done his "homework", wanted to use this matter to regain face when he was invited to visit the United States in 1986.

He specifically asked Hong Xuezhi at the banquet: "What school did you graduate from, and you were able to build a steel transportation line that was 'unbreakable by bombs and unbreakable' on the Korean battlefield?"

Hong Xuezhi responded calmly with his own humor: "I graduated from the U.S. Air Force Academy."

Heroes do not ask where they come from. This answer made everyone present burst into laughter and made people marvel at Hong Xuezhi's intelligence.

What exactly does Hong Xuezhi mean by this sentence? What deeds did he do on the battlefield to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea to defeat these American soldiers?

In July 1951, heavy rain suddenly began to fall in northern North Korea. This heavy rain was so violent that it directly caused flash floods and river flooding.

For a time, the volunteers fell into a situation of disharmony between nature and man.

On the one hand, the US military continued to launch attacks and harassment; on the other hand, the erosion of natural disasters caused the casualties of the volunteer troops to increase dramatically in a short period of time.

What is even more exaggerated is that in August 1951, the US military directly took advantage of the Volunteer Army's plight due to floods and launched what they called the "Summer Offensive". At the same time, it also launched a campaign against the Volunteer Army in the rear. The large-scale "air blockade campaign" - "Strangulation War".

What the U.S. military was actually planning to do at this time was to kill two birds with one stone. The long war also caused them to suffer great internal losses.

The main purpose of this battle is to cut off the communication lines and communication lines behind the Volunteer Army through long-term bombing, wear down the Volunteer Army and break through the theater defense line.

At that time, the Volunteer Army had very few anti-aircraft weapons. In addition, when it first entered North Korea, the US military carried out a large-scale bombing campaign based on its air superiority, so most of the transportation work in the rear could only be carried out during night raids to prevent indiscriminate bombardment by the US military.

Hong Xuezhi was serving as the logistics commander of the Volunteer Army at this time. After receiving the information that the US military was going to launch a "strangling war", he immediately made an operational plan for the rear service command.

Although the terrain in northern North Korea is complex, with rugged ravines and cliffs, Hong Xuezhi saw opportunities in this terrain disadvantage.

He united with the rear railway troops, engineering troops, transportation troops, public security troops, anti-aircraft artillery, aviation and other corps to carry out emergency concealment, evacuation and camouflage of various materials, and set up a large number of false targets , which greatly confused the sight of the US military.

He also directed various troops to create many concealment methods, and even specially selected narrow mountainous areas to build warehouses, which created a huge obstacle for US enemy aircraft to attack.

Hong Xuezhi ordered the natural caves along the highway to be directly used. As long as enemy planes are found, all cars will get into the caves. This can ensure the transportation of cars during the day, and there is no need to carry out assaults only at night.

Several times, when US military planes were about to sweep over, the transport truck immediately turned and hid in the cave, leaving them with no choice but to waste bullets and shoot randomly.

There is more than one such deceptive tactical method. Hong Xuezhi asked all rear troops to set up false targets all over the mountains and plains. The US military often mistook these false targets as places to store supplies.

They used petrol bombs and machine guns to bomb and sweep, but in the end they discovered that it was all in vain and their combat effectiveness was wasted.

Of course, after doing this several times, the US military also became suspicious. But in terms of strategy, they are on the first floor and Hong Xuezhi is on the tenth floor.

He took advantage of the opponent's suspicion and drove the transport truck directly in the middle of the road, allowing the enemy planes to attack or not attack.

Many times, the enemy thinks it is fake and does not dare to fight. It can be said that this "strangling" is completely stealing chickens and losing rice.

Hong Xuezhi commanded the logistics troops to vigorously ensure the combat needs of the troops while overcoming the flood disaster. Not only did the U.S. military fail to achieve its expected combat objectives, but it also caused its troops to suffer huge economic losses.

In September 1951, after the U.S. military discovered that its attack methods to disrupt transportation were completely unsuccessful, it began to concentrate its combat power on bombing the hub areas of railway and road transportation in northern North Korea.

This time, Hong Xuezhi launched a "counter-strangling" battle against the US military in response to the attack, and was prepared to completely smash the US military's "air blockade" plan.

After Hong Xuezhi applied with the Central Military Commission and determined the principle of "concentrating forces and focusing on defense", they began to deploy air defense forces.

In late September, multiple anti-aircraft artillery regiments were deployed, and the sudden increase in anti-aircraft firepower instantly severely dealt a blow to the arrogance of enemy aircraft in the air.

In addition, the deployed railway troops concentrated every night to repair the railways that were bombed by enemy planes during the day. The powerful combination of air defense troops and emergency repair troops soon prevented the enemy's "air blockade" from attacking. Self-destruction.

The U.S. military could only admit in the end: "The effect of this 'strangling' operation is very disappointing. All railways that were damaged by the bombing will basically be repaired within 24 hours."

Taking advantage of this momentum, the Volunteer Air Force quickly actively participated in the counterattack. The trinity of joint combat strategies of transportation, emergency repair, and air defense successfully won. The superstitious air superiority of the US military was gone, and the "air blockade" plan was completely in vain.

Hong Xuezhi also became what the US military calls a "miracle of material transportation supply" in this "anti-blockade" campaign.

Faced with the powerful military strength of the US military, Hong Xuezhi was able to achieve such great military achievements because of his practical experience in hundreds of battles.

Hong Xuezhi was born in a village in Jinzhai County, Anhui. His mother died early, and his father and sister single-handedly raised him.

Because the family was very poor, both his father and sister suffered a lot in order to raise Hong Xuezhi. However, even though he was frugal, Hong Xuezhi's father still insisted on letting him read and write.

Unfortunately, when Hong Xuezhi was 13 years old, his father also fell ill and passed away due to years of overwork. His father was the backbone of the family. With his departure, Hong Xuezhi's primary school was forced to stop.

Fortunately, in 1927, Hong Xuezhi met Yu Hairuo, a member of the party organization who was carrying out secret activities in Shuanghe District.

Yu Hairuo ran a primary school in the local area. He saw that Homo sapiens Hongxue was young but had a keen mind and was a malleable talent, so he let him work part-time.

It was precisely because of this that Hong Xuezhi came into contact with the "Communist Manifesto" for the first time.

The book’s anti-capitalist and anti-exploitation ideas quickly attracted him. In addition, the social unrest in those years was very serious and the lives of ordinary people were miserable. The beautiful vision in the "Communist Manifesto" became Hong Xuezhi's ideal.

In May 1929, after the Communist Party launched the Shangnan Uprising in the Dabie Mountains, Hong Xuezhi followed the troops on the road to revolution.

During this operation, the party organization saw that Hong Xuezhi endured hardships and was courageous. He dared to fight and charge in guerrilla operations and was not afraid of sacrifice. Soon after, they decided to recruit him to join the party and become a party member.

Since then, he has participated in several fierce battles. He fought against the "encirclement and suppression" campaign in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui border area, captured Jinjiazhai, fought hand-to-hand with the Kuomintang troops at Qiliping, and attacked the enemy at night at Sanjiangba... He successfully followed the troops to smash several "encirclement and suppression" operations by the Kuomintang at that time, and has rich practical experience.

Later, after the baptism of the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation, Hong Xuezhi, who served as deputy commander and chief of staff of the 15th Regiment, became Commander Ye Jianying's right-hand man.

In June 1950, the Korean War broke out. Hong Xuezhi was in Guangzhou at the time, handling the work of the Guangdong Military Region entrusted by Ye Jianying.

In August, he went to Beijing on the order of Ye Jianying to ask the Central Military Commission for instructions on the merger of military regions.

As soon as I got off the train, I met my old comrade Deng Hua. This was an unexpected surprise for Hong Xuezhi, but Deng Hua had been waiting for him for a long time.

Their relationship is very good. When they went south to Jiangxi and established the 15th Corps, one of them was the commander and the other was the deputy commander. They were not only old comrades-in-arms, but also old friends.

After the two greeted each other warmly, Hong Xuezhi felt a little strange.

"Didn't you go to the Northeast? Why are you still making mushrooms here?"

When the transfer order came down, Deng Hua told him that the task was very urgent. Logically speaking, he should have done it early. You just led the regiment to the Northeast. Why are you here?

Deng Hua smiled and replied: "I haven't gone yet. Something must have happened."

Hong Xuezhi was even more confused after hearing his words: "You came to the station to come here. Pick me up? This matter has nothing to do with me, right?"

Deng Hua said mysteriously: "I came to pick you up, and you came in such a timely manner! But I can't tell you anything specific. Just tell me, someone will talk to you later."

Deng Hua hurriedly left the station with Hong Xuezhi. When he saw the person he was talking about, he discovered that it was the then Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission.

The vice chairman said to Hong Xuezhi straight to the point: "Comrade Hong Xuezhi, the Northeast border defense work has determined that you should go over."

Hong Xuezhi was shocked when he heard this: "Me? Can I go? What role does it play?"

After hearing this, the vice chairman patted his shoulder and motioned to Deng Hua with his eyes: "Comrade Deng Hua is leaving today to learn about the combat situation in North Korea. , a lot of work can't be carried out. You are familiar with the army, and I need you to go to the Northeast to command and manage. You will leave after lunch today!"

When he finished, Deng Hua also He added: "These armies of the 13th Regiment are all the original members of our 15th Regiment. You are the only one who is the most suitable to go. I am staying in Beijing now because I just want to wait for you to come. Brother, we will finish our meal later." Let's go together!"

Hong Xuezhi was very anxious after hearing this. Firstly, he was a little unprepared for the emergency situation that was about to leave, and secondly, he had not asked for instructions on the mission assigned by Ye Jianying.

He quickly said: "I am a party member, and I will definitely obey the orders given by the organization. But what about the tasks assigned to me by Ye Shenzuo? Should I go back and report first before leaving for the Northeast... ..."

The vice chairman immediately interrupted him and asked him to call Ye Jianying and leave the work to others. The order to go to the Northeast should not be delayed for a day.

Hong Xuezhi was really not mentally prepared at all. Not only did he not bring a change of clothes, but because of the hot weather, he also had herpes all over his body.

However, considering the urgency of this mission, he still reported to Ye Jianying, and that afternoon he and Deng Hua got on the train to the Northeast.

The situation in the Korean War is changing rapidly. At that time, the Party Central Committee had fully considered that the United States was very likely to expand the scale of the war.

During the several months that Hong Xuezhi was in the Northeast, he had been making relevant combat preparations in order to avoid emergencies. Sure enough, in September, the US military landed in Incheon, the war situation deteriorated sharply, and North Korea, which was in a difficult situation, made a request for assistance from China.

When Hong Xuezhi and Deng Hua analyzed the war situation, they initially judged that the US military would continue to invade the north after landing. If the war reaches the Yalu River, our country's security will be severely challenged and threatened.

After completing a detailed analysis of the situation of the US military and our army, Hong Xuezhi provided convenient suggestions on tactics and logistics support, but before he had time to prepare everything, US military planes had already bombed the Yalu River. .

In October 1950, the Central Military Commission appointed Peng Dehuai as commander of the Volunteer Army, and the campaign to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea began.

Under Peng Dehuai's strategic command, the Volunteer Army won the first battle after advancing into the Yalu River, and repeatedly lured the enemy deep into the area and dealt a heavy blow to the US military.

But after the fourth battle, the shortage of combat readiness at the front forced Peng Dehuai to rethink the deployment of logistics supplies.

He called Hong Xuezhi and said categorically: "Go back and report to Vice Chairman Zhou on the supply situation at the front and rear."

In fact, Hong Xuezhi and Peng Dehuai had different ideas. Coincidence: The actual situation of frontline logistics greatly affected the war situation at that time, and it was necessary for the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission to understand clearly.

So, he rushed back to China overnight to report to Zhou Enlai. He traveled day and night. He didn't even have time to change into the uniform of the volunteer army, and went straight to meet Premier Zhou with his body covered in mud.

As soon as Zhou Enlai saw Hong Xuezhi, he quickly stepped forward and held his hand. Looking at the mud spots all over his body and his hurried expression, he didn't care much and asked with concern: "How is the situation on the front line?"

Hong Xuezhi briefly reported on the basic situation on the front line and the fighting situation. , focusing on the issue of rear supply and discussing it in detail with Zhou Enlai.

“Supply from the rear now limits the scale of the campaign.

First, the Volunteer Army does not have air defense capabilities. Second, road transportation cannot keep up. Third, we do not have our own independent communication system. These problems are all huge. "

Zhou Enlai nodded after hearing this: "Logistics must be strengthened. The Central Military Commission is considering sending additional troops to the Volunteer Army logistics..."

Hong Xuezhi was extremely excited when he heard the news. As long as the logistics can Keep up the pace, and you have a high chance of winning!

Based on his experience in North Korea, he analyzed in detail the scale of the current battle and the supply situation at the rear, and also prepared preventive guarantees for the volunteers. The measures were explained to Zhou Enlai one by one.

Zhou Enlai asked a few questions from time to time and recorded them with a pen on paper while listening.

After reporting these, Hong Xuezhi asked Zhou Enlai. : "Mr. Peng asked me to ask you for instructions on establishing a volunteer army rear service command. "

Zhou Enlai was very interested when he heard this. He asked: "Tell me what you think? ”

Hong Xuezhi analyzed that in an all-round and three-dimensional modern war, the role of logistics is crucial. The situation where multiple parties on the sea, land and air are fighting at the same time has caused unprecedented consumption of manpower and material resources.

Compared with the large-scale logistics strategy being implemented by European and American countries, there is a gap in our logistics supply.

The US military's bombing of our rear is a war fought in the rear, and the logistics battlefield is determined. It determines the scale of our front-line war, and also determines the victory of our front-line war.

Hong Xuezhi’s words were to the point, and Zhou Enlai couldn’t help but nodded in agreement: “Your idea is very good. The Military Commission will study and take measures as soon as possible. "

By May 1951, instructions on logistics were quickly issued.

After Hong Xuezhi returned to North Korea, he and Peng Dehuai studied the organization of the "Volunteer Army Logistics Command" Various issues regarding setup and cadre allocation.

At the beginning of the meeting, Peng Dehuai said meaningfully: "Now, let's first decide who will serve as the logistics commander. "

When Hong Xuezhi saw Peng Dehuai staring at him, and when he heard this, he had a hunch that he would probably serve as the commander. Because when he first entered North Korea, he had been in charge of logistics.

However, Hong Xuezhi was very reluctant to serve as the logistics commander at the time. First, the fields he was familiar with were more in political and military work; second, the logistics of the Korean War was of great concern, and he was worried. He couldn't handle it himself.

When Hong Xuezhi heard this question at the meeting, he didn't say a word. It wasn't until everyone started saying that it would be best for him to do both, that he couldn't hold it back and said, "I can't do both. This logistics commander. "

Peng Dehuai was very surprised: "Why? "

Hong Xuezhi replied: "I can do everything else, but not this, so let others do it! "

After hearing what he said, Peng Dehuai immediately became a little unhappy.

"If you don't do it, who will? "

Hong Xuezhi passed the blame to Deng Hua and then to others. Anyway, he said he would not serve as the logistics commander.

After going back and forth, Peng Dehuai became a little angry. He slapped the table and shouted: “If you don’t want to do it, then you don’t have to do it! I'll do it, you go and command the troops! "

When Hong Xuezhi saw Peng Dehuai getting so angry, he could only relax and said, "You can let me do it, but I have a condition. If I can't do my job well, I should be removed from my position as soon as possible and replaced with comrades who can do better than me. "

Peng Dehuai laughed loudly after hearing this and agreed to his conditions. So Hong Xuezhi confirmed his job as the logistics commander.

Facts have proved that Hong Xuezhi was ordered twice in critical situations. , not only did it not mess up, but it did quite well.

Just as Peng Dehuai once said, although many cadres in the army have not received formal education, their tactics are all based on actual combat. The enemy cannot guard against the enemy and cannot deal with it.

No matter how powerful the U.S. military is and how powerful its officers are, it can only be beaten against our revolutionary warriors who have come out of actual combat. You have to be like a lost dog.

Because in war, you still rely on the strength and experience of many battles, not the empty equipment and theoretical knowledge in books.

< p> Chairman Mao Zedong has a famous saying: "Reading is learning, using is also learning, and it is more important learning. "General Hong Xuezhi is a model of application learning.

In the previous article, Hong Xuezhi's answer to "Air Force School" actually refers to the actual situation of the US military on the battlefield. During the Korean War, enemy planes of the US military came every day. Bombing and strafing from the rear was the best way for Hong Xuezhi to learn.

The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea was the first important battle launched after the founding of New China. At that time, China had experienced decades of war. Despite the war, everything was in ruins, and supplies were scarce, but they still resolutely sent troops to help North Korea.

This is not only to demonstrate the strength of our country, but also to ensure the security of the country and people.

In this battle, the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army had backward armament facilities and lack of supplies. However, it fought against the U.S. Army, which had advanced armaments, sufficient supplies, and a well-equipped navy, land and air force. However, such a Chinese team would The "myth of the air force" of the United States was smashed to pieces, which not only created a miracle of defeating more with less, but also allowed New China to gain a firm foothold on the international stage.

What do readers think of Hong Xuezhi, the "six-star general" who played a key role in the Korean War? Feel free to leave your thoughts in the comment area.