James Baldwin (james baldwin 1924-) was born in Harlem, New York, USA. My grandmother used to be a slave on a plantation in Georgia in the southern United States. After the civil war, the whole family moved to new york. Baldwin's family was poor, his father was a poor priest, and he was often unemployed. Baldwin didn't have much education, and he mainly taught himself. /kloc-began to preach in the church at the age of 0/4. Three years later, he claimed to have "seen through the hypocrisy of religion" and left the church. This experience had a great influence on him, and his later essays also had a didactic tone and passion.

Shortly after leaving the church, Baldwin made a living in what he called the "American industrial and commercial world", worked as a waiter and servant in restaurants, and wrote book reviews and essays in his spare time, some of which were later included in the collection of essays Notes on Indigenous Children (1955). 1944, he met richard wright, a black writer, and engaged in writing with the help and encouragement of Wright. Four years later, he followed Wright's footsteps and left the United States to live in Paris and Europe.

Baldwin knew his homosexuality for a long time. He hopes that his works will not be paid attention to "just because he is a black man or even a black writer". He hopes to jump out of the circle of black literature and re-examine himself and his works in a bigger world. At the same time, his escape from the United States made him face up to his sexual struggle, and also escaped the depression and despair that many black American youths like him felt in new york. 1948, Baldwin left the United States and came to Paris. In Paris, Baldwin quickly joined the wave of left-bank radicalism. After living in Europe for ten years, many articles on black issues have been published one after another, and gradually emerged in the literary and art circles. 1957, the Little Rock incident broke out in the United States. Baldwin thought that as a writer, "the responsibility lies in the United States, so he returned to the United States to engage in writing and struggle.

After returning home, Baldwin took part in the civil rights movement, and his opinion was between Malcolm who resorted to force and Martin Luther King, who was non-violent. From 65438 to 0963, he attended the talks between the leaders of the black civil rights movement and Kennedy, and participated in the famous democratic March held in Washington, D.C. on August 28th. 1968, Baldwin participated in the activity of "Writers and Editors Oppose War Tax" to protest the Vietnam War. He published the novel Another Country and became the most famous black writer. 1 987 65438+February1morning, Baldwin died of stomach cancer and was buried in Fincliffe Cemetery near Hartsdale, new york.