At that time, when Xia Jie was in power, the Xia Dynasty countries gradually declined, and the contradiction was extremely sharp. Tang took the opportunity to attack and destroy more than a dozen small countries and tribes such as Ge (now Ningling North, Henan Province). Followed by Ke Wei (now southeast of Hua County, Henan Province), Gu (now southeast of Fan County, Henan Province), Kunwu (now Xu Changdong, Henan Province) and other small countries. After the war of 1 1, the world was invincible, which made the Xia Dynasty unprecedentedly isolated, took advantage of the Youjia rebellion, defeated Xia in the Ming Dynasty, and destroyed Xia in one fell swoop. Because Shang Tang destroyed the summer by force, it broke the argument of Yongding King. Since then, China has changed dynasties in this way, which is called "Shang Tang Revolution" in history. After the establishment of Shang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty reduced the internal levy, encouraged production and appeased the people, thus expanding the ruling area, affecting as far as the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and all the Bianqiang tribes came to pay tribute. [Edit this paragraph] There is a famous saying in the Xia Dynasty's "Yi Haige Ci": "The Tang and Wu revolutions depend on heaven and people." The "Tang" mentioned here is the founder of the second ruling dynasty in China history-Shang Tang Zitianyi. He once led the Shang tribe and other allied tribes to resist the brutal rule of the Xia dynasty, overthrew the dying and decadent Xia dynasty by violent means of war and established a new ruling order. What he did objectively promoted the development of history and met the people's wishes, so he was affirmed and praised by future generations. In this revolutionary change, the battle of singing is a key move.
Shang is a clan tribe with a long history. In the long process of development, it gradually became stronger, and evolved from a vassal state in the summer to an opponent that could compete with it. After Shang Tang acceded to the throne, he moved the tribal ruling center to Bodi (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and actively put forward plans to attack Xia. At that time, the ruler of Xia Dynasty was Jie. He was arrogant and extravagant, spoiled courtiers, brutally oppressed and enslaved his own people and tribes, which caused widespread hatred and opposition. Everyone cursed him indignantly: "Time is fleeting and all the women are dead." This shows that Xia's rule is tottering and has reached the end of history.
Shang Tang's strategic policy of eliminating summer is formulated under such historical background. He first adopted the policy of winning the people and the country politically, and launched a political offensive to expose the crimes of tyranny in Xia Jie, which laid a political foundation for the victory of the war. In military strategy, with the great assistance of Yi Yin and Zhong, he cleverly planned "to be in an invincible position first", cut off his wings one by one, isolated himself, and finally conquered Xiayi in one fell swoop. [Edit this paragraph] Specifically, he implemented the following main steps.
First, creatively carry out "housing" activities. In order to thoroughly understand the internal situation of Xia Jie, Shang Tang boldly sent Yi Yin to Xia Jie to act as a spy for many times, and mastered the chaotic situation of "upside down and boiling public grievances" in the Xia Dynasty. Know yourself and yourself, and then implement your own strategic policy in a targeted manner.
Second, first weaken and then strengthen, from near to far, cut off Xia Jie's wings and complete its strategic encirclement. At that time, the overall strength of Xia Dynasty was still greater than that of Shang tribe. In this case, Shang Tang did not immediately attack the Xia Dynasty directly, but adopted the correct policy of weakening first and then strengthening, and losing its wings to create conditions for the final decisive battle. He aimed his first goal at Ge, the vassal of Xia, and set out to destroy Ge in the name of revenge for the teenager. This not only cut off Xia Jie's wing, but also greatly enhanced his political prestige. Then we concentrated our forces, wiped out Wei and Gu successively, and attacked the last pillar that was wiped out, that is, the more powerful Kunwu. In this way, Shang Tang completed the strategic encirclement of Jieli and opened the way for the final elimination of Jieli.
Third, correctly choose and grasp the decisive battle opportunity. After completing the strategic siege of Xia Jie, Shang Tang remained very cautious about the final decisive battle. After repeated trials, a decision was finally made. As the saying goes, "Take a step forward." [Edit this paragraph] In about 1766 BC, Shang Tang formally set out to attack the summer. Before the war, he held a solemn oath, recounting Xia Jie's crimes of destroying production and brutally exploiting and oppressing the people. He declared that he conquered Xia Jie by the will of God in order to save the people from the mire. Shang Tang also announced strict battlefield discipline. This swearing-in has greatly boosted morale.
Shang Tang said excitedly, "Come on, gentlemen, you should all listen to me. It's not that my boy boldly started the war, but that Wang Xia committed many crimes, so God ordered me to crusade! "
"Now, you often say that our king is not considerate of us and has given up all our crops. You have made such a big mistake, how can you correct others? I heard what you said, and I know that Xia Jie has committed many crimes. I am afraid of wrath and dare not crusade against Xia Guo! "
"Now you have to say to me: What is Xia Jie's sin? Xia Jie has been asking the people to undertake heavy labor, and the people's strength has been exhausted. He is still brutally exploiting and oppressing the people. People are very dissatisfied with Xia Jie's rule, and everyone is unwilling to provide it. They are very unfriendly to the monarch and even want to die with Xia Jie! Xia Guo's rule has been so bad, and now I am determined to crusade against it! "
"As long as you help me, follow the orders of heaven against Xia Guo, I will double your reward. Don't believe me, I will never break my word! If you don't listen to me, I will punish you and make you slaves without forgiveness! " [Edit this paragraph] The War Process of the Battle of Jumping After the swearing-in before the war, Shang Tang chose 70 good cars and "killed" 6,000 people. He combined the armies of various countries and strategically detoured to the west of Xiadu, taking it by surprise and attacking it by surprise. Xia Jie, heedless of the news, refused to move westward, and launched a strategic decisive battle with the Shang Tang army in Mingtiao (now near Luoyang, Henan). In the decisive battle, Shang Tang's army fought bravely and defeated Xia Jie's main force in one fell swoop. Xia Jie retreated to the Three Kingdoms (now Dingtao East, Shandong Province). Shang Tang carried forward the style of quick victory and continuous fighting, pursued the victory and eliminated the three forks. At the end of the road, Xia Jie led a few remnants to the South Nest (now south of Shouxian County, Anhui Province), where he died soon, and the Xia Dynasty was declared extinct. Shang Tang returned to Xibe (now Yanshi West, Henan Province) and held a meeting of "Life of Jingbo" attended by many governors, which won the support of 3,000 governors and achieved the status of co-owner in the world. In this way, on the ruins of the Xia Dynasty, a new and powerful ruling dynasty, Shang, was established.
Shang Dynasty became the main ruler of the Yellow River basin, and its power developed rapidly. Especially in the early stage, the political situation was good, the society was relatively stable, and the economy and culture developed greatly. This civilization is marked by the maturity of Oracle inscriptions and the considerable progress of bronze smelting technology. More than 600 years later, the Shang Dynasty perished around 1 1 century BC.
The Xia Dynasty, founded nearly 400 years ago, still had considerable strength even in the face of extinction. When Shang Tang stopped paying tribute to Xia Jie to test his reaction, Xia Jie mobilized the division of Jiuyi to prepare a crusade against Shang Tang. Shang Tang, according to the situation, immediately "apologize, restore the tribute", stabilize Xia Jie, continue to accumulate strength and wait for the opportunity. It was soon reported that Xia Jie had killed important officials and abandoned his relatives. Shang Tang once again stopped paying tribute to Xia Jie. This time, Xia Jie's baton completely failed, which was too much for the teachers of September 1st. Some people openly resisted. Shang Tang felt that the time was ripe for cutting Jie, and decisively ordered him to arise. [Edit this paragraph] Supplement 1. Tang, surnamed Zi, was originally named Lu, also known as Wu Tang, Shang Tang, Tianyi and Tianyitang. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Tang, Cheng, Dayi, Tianyi, Tianyi and so on are called. Tang is the fourteenth generation grandson of Qi. The year of birth and death is unknown. Shang tribal leaders destroyed the summer and built the business. 13 years, died of illness. It is said that there are six burial sites, mostly in Milli (now north of Shangqiu, Henan).
Tang is the leader of Shang tribe, and is said to be the descendant of Qi. The Shang nationality rose in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which is equivalent to the present areas of Henan and Shandong. The history of Shang tribes can be traced back to the period of matriarchal clan commune. The ancestor of this tribe is Qi. Legend has it that Judy, the mother of Qi State, took a bath and suddenly found that the swallow had laid an egg. After eating, she got pregnant and gave birth to Qi. Therefore, in ancient times, there was a legend that "the mysterious bird was born because of its fate, and it was born to do business".
At the end of the Xia Dynasty, the merchants became more and more powerful. Seeing bullying and losing people's hearts, Tang was determined to destroy the Xia Dynasty. Valerian was worried that Tang's power would grow and threaten himself, so he called Tang to Xiadu and imprisoned him in Xiatai. The merchant also gave valerian a large sum of money and bribed his cronies, so that Tang was released and returned to his old job.
Tang's wife had a dowry slave named Yi Yin, and Tang asked him to work in the kitchen. Yi Yin is very talented. In order to let Tang find himself, he deliberately cooked the food sometimes delicious, sometimes salty or light. Once, Tang asked him about it, and he took the opportunity to chat with Tang about his views on governing the country. Tang was greatly surprised. Knowing that he was a talented person, he lifted his slave status and was appointed as his right-hand man. Since then, under the planning of Yi Yin, Tang has been actively preparing to destroy the summer.
Tang won people's hearts and support with kindness. Once, when he went out to play, he saw a man hanging a net on a tree, and he muttered, "No matter what comes down from the sky, birds from all directions fly into the net." Don said to him, "You have gone too far. How can you kill the net like this? " ! You can remove three sides and leave one side of the net. "Farmers do as they are told. Tang Zhu warned, "Birds, if you want to go left, go right. Only birds that don't listen to me will fly into the net. "After the story of kindness and animals spread, people praised him for his generosity and kindness to the people and supported him. Tang's power further grew.
It tells the story of the tyranny of Xia, and calls on Xia's affiliated small country to betray Jie and join the merchants. Those who don't listen to his advice will send troops to attack and destroy. Such as Ge, Wei, Gu and other Xia vassal States, in order to cut off the wings of Jie Li. The stronger the Vietnam War, the invincible Shang Tang. Xia Jie is isolated. Tang also moved the capital, taking it as a frontier stronghold, preparing to finally attack and destroy the Xia Dynasty.
Tang also accepted Yi Yin's suggestion and stopped paying tribute to Xia Dynasty to test Xia Jie's strength. Valerian ordered Jiuyi tribe to send troops to conquer merchants, indicating that Valerian could mobilize Jiuyi tribe's troops. Tang and Yi Yin immediately confessed and resumed paying tribute.
A year later, the Jiuyi people could not stand Jie's brutal rule and defected one after another, greatly weakening Jie's power. When Tang and Yi Yin saw that the time was ripe, they called in troops to attack the summer, which was destroyed in Mingtiao (now Fengqiu East, Henan Province) and established the second slavery dynasty in China history-Shang Dynasty. Ding Du Milly.
After the establishment of Shang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty reduced taxes, encouraged production, and appeased people's hearts, so that the influence of Shang extended to the upper reaches of the Yellow River and became another powerful slavery dynasty.
Tang was a tribal leader in 17, and became king in 13 after the establishment of Shang Dynasty, and died of illness.
2. Jean Tang Cheng
The founding monarch of Shang Dynasty. After the behavior, the name is realized. The first time I lived in Bo, I was Xia Fangbo, specializing in conquering; Xia Jie didn't know, so Tang Xingbing cut it down and put it in the South Nest. Then the world, whose name was Shang, collapsed after thirty years in office (BC 1783 ~ BC 1754). [Edit this paragraph] The historical significance of the replacement of Xia Dynasty by Tang Dynasty is "one haiku" and "Tang Wu Revolution depends on heaven and people".
Shang Tang pioneered the use of force to seize the world, which made the later history of the Chinese Empire colorful and broke the immutable law of the son of heaven. This is the first reform in China's political history.
He led the Shang tribe and other allied tribes to resist the brutal rule of the Xia Dynasty, overthrew the dying and decadent Xia Dynasty by violent means of war and established a new ruling order. What he did objectively promoted the development of history and conformed to the wishes of the people, so he was affirmed and praised by later generations.
Shang Tang's "revolution" was a political progress, and the war of mediation was a brilliant masterpiece in China's military history. It is the earliest successful example of China in ancient times. Through the comprehensive application of "cutting tactics", "cutting tactics" and "using tactics", it won a rapid victory in the war. It had a far-reaching impact on the development of the war and the construction of military theory.