Tao Xingzhi believes that teaching and doing are the same thing, doing is the center, teaching is doing, teaching is learning, teaching methods are based on learning methods, and learning methods are based on doing methods. He said: "Do what you learn, do what you learn, teach without doing, don't teach, learn without doing, it doesn't count. Teaching and learning are all centered on doing." In his view, doing is the center of teaching. If anything is divorced from reality and not practiced, it will lose the real meaning of learning. This theory points out the direction for the development of education and makes it clear that doing is the basis and the only starting point of teaching.

Second, the connotation of heuristic teaching

Confucius was a great educator and thinker in ancient China and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius is also an advocate of heuristic teaching. His famous saying in this respect is: "You won't get it if you don't start, and you won't get it if you don't take a detour." The general idea of this passage is: "teach students not to enlighten him until he wants to understand but can't, and don't inspire him until he wants to say but can't." Teach him the east, but he can't infer the west, south and north from it, so he won't teach him any more. "That is to say, only when students have a strong thirst for knowledge and enter a positive state of mind can teachers induce and inspire them in time. If students know one thing and say one thing, but he can't infer other aspects from it, it shows that students should not be forced to teach unless they are in a positive thinking state. If they take the trouble to say all aspects one by one, they will develop dependence and hinder their thinking development and independent thinking. The establishment and putting forward of this educational thought is more practical, which has an inestimable and concrete guiding role for teaching at what time and in what learning state.

Third, the relationship between them.

1. Macro-control and Micro-implementation

The teaching theory of "integration of teaching and doing" puts forward that teaching is one thing, how to teach, how to learn and how to do it, and puts forward the general teaching direction, but it does not put forward when and in what state to teach and do it. Heuristic teaching method points out when to teach and how to teach, and puts forward specific operation methods. This teaching idea is more practical. The former is teaching theory and the latter is teaching method. The implementation of teaching methods must be based on certain teaching theories, and only theory guiding practice is the only criterion to test the truth.

2. The heuristic teaching method of the teaching theory of "teaching, learning and doing in one" has guiding significance, and they are interdependent and interactive.

People's external activities need to be completed by doing, and speaking and doing are two ways for people to keep in touch with the outside world. The reason why Tao Xingzhi can put forward the teaching theory of combining teaching with learning is inseparable from other long-term research and education. Mr. Tao Xingzhi was deeply influenced by Dewey, an American pragmatic educator, all his life. John dewey is a famous American philosopher, psychologist and educator, a representative of American pragmatism philosophy and the founder of pragmatism education. Americans also call him "an important figure who founded American pedagogy." Dewey expounded the essence of education from many angles in his own educational theory. His exposition on the essence of education is basically summarized as three sentences, namely "education is growth", "education is life" and "education is the continuous transformation of experience". Dewey put forward "school is society" according to "education is life". Mr. Tao Xingzhi used this theory for reference and formed his own complete educational theory system through his own continuous exploration. Heuristic teaching ideas and methods have played a great role in 2 1 century. Heuristic teaching, more precisely, should be a teaching method.

1. Psychological characteristics of primary school students

The main contradiction in the psychological development of primary school students is the contradiction between the original level and the new needs. This contradictory movement has some characteristics of development direction and quantification, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: ① direction and sequence; ② Continuity and stage; ③ imbalance; ④ There are differences in development, which are as follows: the duration of intentional attention is short, the duration of unintentional attention is long, perceptual knowledge and intuitive knowledge are stronger than abstract thinking, perceptual knowledge is gradually enhanced with age, abstract thinking is gradually formed with age, unintentional memory is gradually transformed into intentional memory for a long time, imagination is rich, emotional expression is strong, willpower is poor, and the development of intelligence level is inconsistent. Only by fully grasping children's psychological characteristics can heuristic teaching methods be reasonably used in sufficient time and environment.

2. Imagination and thinking characteristics

Imagination is the process of creating new images by processing and transforming existing images in the mind. The content of imagination often appears before real life, and imagination can be divided into unintentional imagination and intentional imagination. In teaching, we can fully grasp the creative imagination in intentional imagination to inspire and guide, and then greatly develop students' thinking ability. Thinking is an indirect and general reflection of the objective reality by the human brain. Judging from the general trend of primary and secondary school students' thinking development, primary school students' thinking is in the transition stage from concrete thinking in images to logical thinking, while junior high school students are in the state of thinking in images. They can't concretize their thinking process, so they only know the characteristics of students' thinking. Only by gradually exploring the law, grasping the characteristics of students' psychological activities and guiding according to the development of primary school students' thinking can we improve the teaching quality and promote the overall improvement of students' intelligence level.

3. Strengthen the quality of lesson preparation

When preparing lessons, we should not only grasp the important and difficult points of the textbook, but also clarify the teaching steps and decompose the textbook. Considering the specific situation of the textbook and the characteristics of primary school students, those specific things in daily life can be linked with some teaching links in this class, so that children can make some sense clearly. For example, in the teaching of "forward roll", use a ball to guide students to understand the purpose of "group", and then use a non-ball to let students explain why they can't roll.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) concludes that the principle of material unity of the world is the basic point of Marxist world outlook. It requires people to start from reality instead of subjective imagination in the process of understanding and transforming the world, thinking about problems and doing things. In other words, it is necessary to start from the sum of substances and their specific forms and attributes. Seeking truth from facts is to explore the inherent laws of everything that exists objectively and act according to the laws of objective things. The basic starting point of Mr. Tao Xingzhi's teaching theory of "integration of teaching and doing" is to do, do it realistically in practice, and then learn knowledge from doing. Teaching us to teach students is to let students practice and learn from practice. Without this view, there is no real learning significance. In today's quality education, we should let students do more and let them gain extensive knowledge in doing. Can use extensive knowledge to benefit mankind and society, and completely reverse the phenomenon of high scores and low energy in exam-oriented education. Combining heuristic teaching with teaching theory of teaching, learning and doing will help us to create and develop teaching, so as to perform our duties concretely and excellently under the guidance of system theory and cultivate more national pillars for the prosperity of the motherland.