Talking about composition skills: How to write the title

The title is the eye and soul of the article. Whether you can answer the questions is the key to the success of your composition, especially your composition in the examination room. Over the years, there have been "three major death sentences" for essay writing in the examination room, namely "wrong question", "wrong style" and "failure of purpose". This has made generations of candidates talk about it, and some candidates have dubbed it "the weird body with a tilted head". "Onychomycosis", among which "off-topic" is the most serious. "Off-topic" means that the topic is not grasped. Of course, answering questions in a composition is closely related to topic review and material selection, but it is also very important to learn and master some specific question answering techniques. Even if the examination of the topic is accurate and the selection of materials is good, if you do not know how to tie the topic in the writing, there will be a tragic situation of "one careless move and everything will be lost". Some people say that sometimes one or two sentences can "resuscitate" an off-topic essay that has been sentenced to death, and have the effect of turning stone into gold. In fact, this kind of skill of bringing the dead back to life and turning decay into magic is the skill of debunking the question.

1. Problems with off-topic questions

. Digressing from the topic due to misunderstanding. Or the meaning of the topic is not accurately understood; or the emotional color of the topic is improperly grasped; or the part of the topic is regarded as the whole, and only a part of it is deducted. These practices are all digressions. For example:

① Regarding the topic "Excuses - excuses for the weak", some students talked about how sometimes excuses can seek psychological balance and reduce psychological pressure. In this way, the topic "Excuses - the excuses of the weak" has been turned into the topic "Excuses", which only takes into account part of the topic, causing the entire topic to deviate from the topic.

②The 2010 high school entrance examination essay question in Beijing is based on "cohesion". With these two abstract words, students may have difficulty adapting to them and establishing connections with the content they are usually familiar with, so they may He will only ramble on here and there, and naturally he will not be able to grasp the topic and highlight the center.

, digression due to randomness. The author does not have the awareness of writing closely to the title and center, and just goes on wherever he writes, regardless of whether it meets the needs of the main purpose. There is a problem of uneven priority, which can easily lead to the problem of digressing from the topic. For example:

① Half of the question is "______ outside the window", and one candidate proposed "The beautiful scenery outside the window". The article description is vivid, the literary talent is high, the structure is clear, and the material is rich. However, the author only wrote "outside the window" in the first half of the article, and in the middle asked: "So what is it like inside the window?" and then transitioned to writing "inside the window". The focus of the entire article is to write "inside the window". Obviously, due to the author's randomness in writing, the article deviates from the topic. As a result, the article was rated under three categories.

② In the 2010 Shenzhen High School Entrance Examination essay question "Reward Yourself", a classmate spent a lot of time writing "Why reward yourself", which seemed to fit the topic, but in fact, he did not check that the question was a verb-object phrase, so it was The act of "reward" is not highlighted. A better way to write it is to click on the reasons for rewarding yourself at the beginning, and then let go of the process of writing the reward.

, digression due to neglect. Only paying attention to the "title" (excluding the introduction, etc.) or "topic" in a narrow sense, while ignoring the restrictions of the introduction, is also a reason for digression. For example, there are requirements in the introduction such as "Please combine your own personal experiences or feelings" or "Select a scene you have experienced". If the former does not describe his own experience, but writes some general and empty content, while the latter writes about many things, then you are off topic. For example, the 2010 Nantong City High School Entrance Examination Essay Question: Write an essay with the title "Let me tell you gently". The requirements are: ① You must have your own personal experience or experience, and no plagiarism is allowed; ② There is no limit to the style except poetry; ③ No less than 600 words; ④ No real place names, school names, or personal names may appear in the text; ⑤ The writing must be correct, standardized, and beautiful.

2. Steps of deducting questions

For the convenience of explanation, here is a summary of the steps of deducting questions using a piece of material as an example.

Lincoln once talked about an experience in his childhood in a letter to a friend:

My father had a farm in Seattle with many stones on it. Because of this, my father bought it at a lower price. One day, my mother suggested that the stones above should be removed. My father said that if we could move them, the owner would not sell them to us. They are a small hill and are connected to the big mountain. One year, my father went to the city to buy horses, and my mother took us to work on the farm. Mother said: "Let's move these obstructive things away, okay?" So we started digging out the rocks. It didn't take long to get rid of them, because they were not the mountains as my father imagined, but isolated rocks. Just dig down a foot and you could shake them.

Have you had similar experiences or knowledge in your life? Please write an article on the topic of "Stones and Mountains".

Requirements: ① Choose your own idea; ② Choose your own style; ③ Make your own title; ④ No less than 800 words.

Step 1: Review the topic carefully

and figure out the format of the topic. The propositional forms of composition generally include propositional composition, semi-propositional composition, topic composition, material composition, picture composition, etc. When composing, it is necessary to distinguish them in order to use different methods. The above materials belong to topic composition type.

. Analyze the essence of the topic. When you see a title, you should carefully analyze the title, understand the meaning of the key words, read the information hidden behind the title, grasp its essence, and then make a proposition based on its gist.

For example, the 2011 high school entrance examination essay in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province is a proposition essay title: "Smile and sing the songs of life." Here, we need to understand two points: first, the title contains a metaphor; second, It means "smile" and "song". It is especially important to note that the "smile" here is only a superficial phenomenon, and its essence should mean optimism, strength, calmness, etc. For another example, the 2011 Changzhou High School Entrance Examination essay question in Jiangsu Province is "Understanding is a slow process." If the focus of the review is on "understanding," it will miss the topic. The writer must focus on the three words "process" and the modifier "slowly" before it to plan the layout of the article.

Analyzing the above materials, we can see that "mountain" means big difficulties, and "stone" means small difficulties. When facing difficulties, the correct attitude should be to turn big things into small things, not to make small things big.

Pay attention to the title requirements. Generally, an essay question will put forward its requirements in terms of content and form. For example, the aforementioned "you must have your own personal experience or experience, and no plagiarism is allowed" is a requirement that cannot be ignored. There are also generally requirements on length, style, etc. Corresponding restrictions will be made.

Step 2: Properly formulate the topic

Except for the full proposition, other types of essay questions involve supplementary questions or topic preparation questions. "The title is half the article." A good title must meet at least three points: first, it can capture the topic; second, it has a lofty intention; and third, it is eye-catching. Moreover, a well-written title will also help to open up ideas, otherwise, the literary thoughts will be blocked.

The grade I teach once had such an essay question in a monthly exam: "_____ around me". Some students prepared it as "the world around me/China" and "friends around me". /Teacher/little person (what you see, is tangible)”, this is generalized and even confusing or puzzling. If it is intended to be "the happiness/touch/warmth/beauty around me..." (what you see → what you feel, intangible), then it is a superior question, because it not only conforms to the meaning of the question, but is also superior in conception.

To achieve the purpose of deducting the title when drafting the topic, a simple, convenient and effective method is: topic embedding method, that is, embedding words that can reflect the relevant topic when drafting the title of the article. This will ensure that the proposed title captures the meaning of the question and does not deviate from it.

For the above materials, we can come up with the following topic: "Difficulty - the top of the mountain?" Stone? ", "It's just a stone", "Don't regard difficulties as the top of the mountain", "Never mind the stone and the top of the mountain", "Is the stone really the top of the mountain? ", "The Debate/Change between the Mountain and the Stone", etc.

Step 3: Cleverly answer the question

As the saying goes, "Half the essay is as good as the question." In the examination composition, after the title is determined, the topic must be grasped during the writing process. Then, cleverly answer the question. This is an important part. There are roughly the following six methods of answering questions:

. Designing questions and answering questions - there is love before the tune is formed.

In writing, add "" after the title of the article and before the text. The last one or two sentences or a short paragraph is the "inscription" of the article, that is, it puts a "phoenix crown" on the article. The inscription is equivalent to a human eyebrow. Thick eyebrows and big eyes are full of vitality; willow leaves and red phoenixes are full of charm; lying silkworm eyebrows are strong and loyal; crescent eyebrows are as tender as water... From this point of view, writing a good inscription can not only add literary talent, but also stimulate readers' interest in reading. Guide readers' emotional tendencies and achieve the artistic effect of "taking the lead". Especially for examination essays, if you can design a unique title, it will definitely give the marking teacher a good first impression, create a pleasant reading psychology, and improve the "impression score" of the essay to a great extent.

The language of the inscription can be in various forms. It can borrow quotes from famous people, quote a short poem (or several verses); it can be a proverb or a proverb; it can also be a paragraph of self-reflection, or even a poem. Short story. In short, the inscription has the function of pointing out the theme, suggesting the connotation, setting up suspense, explaining the reasons, expressing true feelings, adding literary talent or exaggerating the atmosphere.

In the above materials, you can use the following content as an inscription to highlight the topic:

① Go your own way and let others talk. ——Dante

②In the face of difficulties, do not detour or shrink. ——Inscription

③As long as the spine is not bent, there is no mountain that cannot be lifted. ——Moving the Chinese figure Hong Zhanhui

, getting straight to the point—still holding the pipa half-hidden

It means to get straight to the point at the beginning of the article, directly hitting the topic or the words in the title, and ending with Point out the topic or the main purpose of the article, so that the following topics will be centered around this topic without going off topic. Li Yu, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said in "Occasionally Posted by Lei Qing": "Composition in the field... at the beginning of opening the book, it should be startled by the eye-catching sentences and dare not abandon them." The "beginning of the book" here refers to the beginning of the article. For example, the above material can start like this:

① Lincoln's father bought back a farm with many stones at a low price, but thought it was a hill and did not clear it. Later, Lincoln's mother led the children to clear it. "Hills," because they are just rocks buried a foot into the earth. The height difference between the stone and the mountain is unknown, but sometimes the difference between them is only a foot.

② Pessimistic people say that difficulties are like a hard mountain that cannot be moved and cannot be shaken, and there is nothing we can do; optimistic people say that difficulties are just rocks buried shallowly in the soil. As long as you are willing to With careful digging, you can lift the stone.

③If a stone is regarded as as heavy as a mountain, then the stone is really unshakable; if it is a wishful thinking to fly people into the sky, then humans will never have the hope of flying into space. . Don't make the problem too big. When you actually do it, you will find that it is not as difficult as you thought.

④For the same stone, Lincoln's father believed that it was a hilltop and could not be dug; but Lincoln's mother confirmed with actions that these "hilltops" were just rocks. Lincoln's father Like many people in life, he "sees" the mountains with a magnifying glass without trying or exploring them, but his mother broke through the illusion and finally succeeded in moving them away.

Subtitle-style questions - one branch and one leaf are related to each other

It is to narrate the theme (center, point of view) of the composition from several different aspects to form several relative complete meaning paragraphs, and then give each of them a concise, catchy title. It has at least two benefits: first, it is clearly organized, allowing marking teachers to quickly grasp the content of the article; second, it breaks time and space and facilitates our selection of materials. Among the above materials, we use "Difficulty - Mountain Top?" Stone? "As the title, the following subtitles can be drawn up: ① Pessimists: the top of the mountain = stone; ② the optimist: the top of the mountain = stone; ③ the hardworking person: the top of the mountain = stone = 0.

、Repetition of chapters and repeated questions - Chaocaoqiechongzaocantan

It means that the same central sentence is scattered in different paragraphs or a certain clue sentence or central sentence is divided into separate paragraphs, evenly Distributed in the article to show the hierarchy of things and the organization of the article. For example, the above materials can be expanded into the following paragraphs:

Paragraph 1: The beginning

Paragraph 2: Turning mountains into stones requires wisdom...

Paragraph 3: Transformation Turning a mountain into a stone requires courage...

Paragraph 4: Turning a mountain into a stone requires hard work...

Paragraph 5: Ending

, analysis questions in the middle - —The flowers gradually become charming

It is to ask questions when analyzing examples or reasoning. It is best to appear the keywords of the topic or title, and sometimes simply express the point of view.

① Edison invented the electric light, which was a very tortuous process. He did thousands of experiments before electricity brought light to mankind. If he believed that the invention of electric light was like a mountain that cannot be moved, then I am afraid that the time for human beings to use electric light will be postponed, and it may even never be possible to use electric light. And he regards every step of research as a piece of stone. When selecting filament materials, the process of eliminating them one by one is the process of digging down the "stones". When the experiment proves that tungsten wire is the most suitable for making filaments, it is to let the "stones" When shaking.

So, in life, those seemingly unmovable mountains are often made of gravel. As long as we dig deeper, we can move the mountain, and most of the difficulties will be resolved in this way

②In an era when the "geocentric theory" of the universe was prevalent, people were convinced of the "geocentric theory" I am so humbled that there is almost no doubt or denial about it. However, Copernicus ignored the disdainful eyes of the world and disdained the slander of others. He resolutely moved away from the recognized "geocenter theory" in his heart and put his ideas into practice. He worked and studied day and night, and finally proposed the "heliocentric theory" in the face of a large amount of evidence. Later, his "heliocentric theory" was recognized. It can be said that his spirit of daring to challenge and dare to practice is very valuable. Later, his "heliocentric theory" was recognized, which can be said to have successfully challenged the "mountain" in his heart. The hilltop eventually weathered into pieces that could be moved.

③ During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, King Fu Jian of Qin led millions of people across the Yangtze River. The literati and officials of the Eastern Jin Dynasty who were accustomed to living a luxurious life were frightened and had no intention of fighting. Only Xie An overcame everyone's opinions, organized elite troops, and fought on the Yangtze River. Fight against Fu Jian. Xie An believed that although Fu Jian claimed to have millions of soldiers, most of them were forced conscripts. Their military morale was unstable and their combat effectiveness was not strong. Furthermore, Fu Jian's group had sharp internal conflicts and could not work together. From these aspects, Look, this seemingly powerful crowd of millions is vulnerable. In the end, facts proved that Xie An was right in daring to challenge a powerful enemy. In the Battle of Feishui, Xie An and Xie Xuan defeated Qin Wang Fu Jian, and millions of people from the former Qin Dynasty returned in disgrace.

④ Throughout ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, the history of human development is a history of fighting to overcome difficulties and get rid of constraints. This glorious history is possible precisely because countless people with lofty ideals have faced difficulties and acted despite them. So what is a mediocre person? They are people who give their ideals and discount themselves when encountering difficulties. If you can't be the president, then you can be the governor. The governor is still a bit difficult, so why not be the district chief? If not, then be willing to be a civilian. If you give yourself a discount, fate will give you a discount as well. What can you do without any difficulty? If you retreat out of fear, you will achieve nothing.

On the road of life, we will encounter some difficulties. We should not magnify these difficulties infinitely and regard them as insurmountable mountains. Cheer up and give it a try. After walking through it, you realize that they are just stones that can be moved away one by one.

The ending echoes the theme - look back and smile and be happy

The advantage of this method is that it can be released and taken back, and it can pull back the meaning of the text that has wandered away and end it with " The intensity of "Leopard Tail" is used to answer questions.

① In the face of difficulties, come with Forrest Gump’s persistence, come with Chen Yan’s courage, turn the mountains into stones, turn the torrents into rivers, and strive for it in an unlimited life. Create miracles!

② Life is wonderful because of the countless impacts of wind and rain, and mysterious because of those "stones" similar to "mountain tops". When we gently remove the veil, we will find that it is just a stone.

3. Practice answering questions

Read the following text and compose according to the requirements.

Common sense tells us that watermelons are round. If one day we see a square watermelon, how will we react? Do you doubt whether the watermelon is real, or do you doubt your own eyes? In fact, there is no doubt that it is indeed a real watermelon - it is reported that Japanese farmers have grown square watermelons as early as the last century.

Question 1: We will encounter similar situations in other aspects of life, and existence will continue to change our view of the world. Please write an article with the title "Fang Xigua in Life".

Note: ① Make your own intention. ②Writing and style of your own choice. ③No less than 800 words.

Question 2: Use the six methods described above to train on the text questions.

Attachment: Reference answers to the deduction questions

Question 1: Refer to another article on this blog for a reference example: Topic Example

Question 2: Embedded question: "" "Fang Xigua" needs tolerance", "Be kind to "Fang Xigua" in life", ""Fang Xigua" - the source of social progress", "Accept "Fang Xigua"" and so on.

Some design questions: I am a watermelon, square and angular. Many people always make sounds that scare me when they see me. They are surprised, and I am also surprised. I want to tell them: Don’t shout loudly when you see me.

—The autobiography of a square watermelon

Let’s get straight to the point: Common sense tells us that watermelons are always round. This has been an unbreakable truth for thousands of years, but Japanese farmers grew square watermelons in the last century. Common sense in life is often broken, which requires us to be kind to the "square watermelon" in life - things that go against our common sense.

Subtitle-style questions: Paragraph 1: Dolly the cloned sheep and others tell us that we must look at problems from a developmental perspective

Paragraph 2: Only by accepting new things can humans make continuous progress.

Paragraph 3: Only by accepting new ideas can the country develop and society progress.

Paragraph 4: Only by accepting new knowledge can you never give up in the competition.

Paragraph 5, life creates fun in constant acceptance.

Repeat the topic in the chapter: We must have the courage to accept the emergence of "Fang Xigua"

We must dare to think about the development of "Fang Xigua"

"Fang Xigua" We should be happy to enjoy the fruits of "watermelon"

Intermediate analysis point: Some people may say that common sense has been tempered for thousands of years and is the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient and modern people. How can it be allowed to violate common sense? What about things existing? In fact, today’s common sense is not yesterday’s “square watermelon”? The earth revolves around the sun. This is common scientific knowledge that everyone knows. When Copernicus proposed the "heliocentric theory", he was denounced as a heresy by the church. Bruno, who enthusiastically promoted the "heliocentric theory", paid a bloody price for it. Another example is that the "blood circulation theory" has become common knowledge among women and children today, but Linnaeus, who originally discovered this theory, was denounced as a devil and a madman. That being the case, why won't today's "square watermelon" become common sense tomorrow? So let us be kind to the "square watermelon" in life.

The ending echoes the theme: Be kind to the "square watermelon" in your life! This will make science develop more rapidly and make the world more radiant!