Han Yu (768 ~ 824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Word back, Henan Heyang (now Jiaozuo mengzhou city, Henan Province) people, Han nationality. Originally from Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province), he claimed to be "County Wangchangli", so he was called "Han Changli" in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose into pieces and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. In Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature"; in Ming Dynasty, he was regarded as the head of eight great writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan, and was known as "a great writer" and "a literary master of one hundred generations". All works are collected in Mr. Changli's portfolio. Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and he can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms that have been passed down to this day, such as "throwing stones when they are down" (another way of writing), "being scolded at every turn" and "being in disorder". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.
Han Yu was lonely at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. In his early years, he was displaced and had a hard life. He had the ambition to study the world. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. At the age of 20, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, but I failed the third exam. At the age of 25 ~ 35, he was a scholar first, and all three attempts to understand Hongci failed. He went to Jin Dong in Bianzhou and Zhang Jianfeng in Xuzhou as shogunate generals. Later, he returned to Beijing as a doctor from four universities. 36 ~ 49 years old, as a supervisor of the empire, please reduce taxes and demote Yangshan order because of drought and famine. Xian zong returned to the north as a doctor of the country, tired of being an official for the right illegitimate son of the prince, but failed. 50 ~ 57 years old, first recruited Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Because of remonstrance, the Buddha's bones greeted, and Chaozhou's secretariat fell. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon after, he returned to North Korea, and successively served as a wine festival, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, assistant minister of the Ministry of Official Affairs, and Beijing. More successful politically. Poetry strives to be novel, bold and imposing.
Chronology of life
In the second year of Tang Zhenyuan (786), Han Yu was nineteen years old. He went to Beijing to take the Jinshi exam with the ambition of learning, and failed three times in a row. It was not until the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792) that he passed the fourth Jinshi exam. According to the law of the Tang Dynasty, after being admitted to Jinshi, you must also take the erudition and macro-speech examination of the official department. Han Yu participated in the official election three times and failed. I wrote three letters to the Prime Minister and got no reply. Those who have been in power for three times have been turned away.
In July of the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (796), Han Yu was twenty-nine years old and was recommended by Dong Jin as an observation and promotion officer of Xuanwu Army. This is the beginning of Han Yu's political career. During the three years of observing and promoting officials, Han Yu took every opportunity to publicize his innovative ideas of prose, and at the same time guided Li Ao, Zhang Ji and other young people to study literature.
In the winter of the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan, Han Yu was the fourth examiner and passed the official election in the second year (80 1). Answering Li Yishu, written in this period, expounded his thought of closely combining the ancient prose movement with the Confucian retro movement, which was Han Yu's representative work advocating the ancient prose movement. At the end of autumn this year, Han Yu was thirty-four years old and was appointed as a doctor of imperial academy No.4 University, which was the beginning of Han Yu's entry into the government agencies in Beijing. During his tenure as a doctor in four schools, he actively recommended young writers, dared to be a teacher and widely taught his disciples, and was called "the son of the Han family". In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), he wrote a magnum opus "Teacher's Theory", which systematically put forward the theory of teacher's morality.
In the winter of the nineteenth year of Zhenyuan, Han Yu was promoted to supervise the empire. He has only been in office for two months. In order to sympathize with the people's feelings and be loyal to his duties, he wrote "On the Hunger of the Famine". Because of being slandered by the powerful minister, he was demoted to the Yangshan order of Lianzhou. Han Yu worked in Yangshanling for three years, went deep into the people, participated in the farming, fishing and hunting activities of the mountain people, and loved the people, benefited the government, was polite and civilized. Therefore, the book "New Tang Book Han Yuchuan" is "Love the people, and people's livelihood is named after their surnames." On the appointment of Yangshan, a large number of young people went to Hanyumen, and they talked with young students about poetry. There are quite a few poems and works. Today, the Collected Works of Changli has more than 20 ancient poems and several articles. At this time, the chapter written by Yuan Tao and others constitutes an important work of Sinology, The Theory of Five Sources. This is the forerunner of Neo-Confucianism in Tang and Song Dynasties, and its theoretical achievements have great influence.
In the summer and autumn of the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805), Han Yu left Yangshan, and in August, he joined the army in Jiangling. In June of the first year of Yuanhe (806), Han Yufeng recalled Chang 'an and officially authorized the doctor to run the country. In the third year of Yuanhe (808), Han Yu changed to a real doctor. In the fourth year of Yuanhe, Yuan Wailang, the Beijing official, was named the East Capital and the ancestral temple. In the winter of the same year, he was demoted to Yu Ling, and later served as Fang Yuanwai Lang and Dr. Guo Zi.
In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), he was promoted to Bibi Langzhong History Museum, and completed the compilation of the famous history book A Record of Shunzong. In the 9th year of Yuanhe (8 14), Han Yu was appointed as an official in the examination, and in the second year he was promoted to the position of the official in Chinese calligraphy. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he assisted Pei Du, the prime minister, to pacify Huai rebellion as a marching Sima, and was awarded assistant minister of punishments for his meritorious service.
In the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), Tang Xianzong sent an envoy to Fengxiang to welcome Buddha bones, and the capital once set off a Buddhist frenzy. Regardless of his personal safety, Han Yu resolutely stepped onto the Buddha's bone table, denouncing the unreliability of the Buddha's bone and demanding that the Buddha's bone be "thrown into fire and water forever and ever, breaking the doubts of the world and confusing future generations." When Xian Zong got the watch, Yan Long was furious and sentenced him to death. Fortunately, Prime Minister Pei Du and the DPRK ministers tried their best to intercede, so that they would not die and be relegated to the history of Chaozhou punishment. Han Yu spent eight months as a criminal in Chaozhou. Generally speaking, he drove away crocodiles and killed people. Ask teachers to run township schools; Pay off debts and release slaves; Leading the people, building water conservancy and irrigation and drainage. For thousands of years, Chaozhou has become a regional culture with individual characteristics, and Chaozhou has become a state of etiquette and a famous cultural city!
In September of the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), Han Yu sent an imperial edict to propose a toast to the whole country. In July of the first year of Changqing (82 1), Han Yu was transferred to assistant minister of the Ministry of War. In the second year, he took risks and went to the town to comfort the disorderly army. He is known as "the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces" in history. He turned hostilities into friendship and settled the chaos in towns and States without a single soldier. In September, he served as assistant minister of the official department.
In June of the third year of Changqing (823), Han Yu was promoted to a native of Beijing and an ancient scholar. The land of Jingzhao is said to be complicated and difficult to manage. Under the rectification of Han Yu, the society is stable, thieves stop, and rice prices dare not go up. Later, he was transferred to the Ministry of War Assistant Minister and the Ministry Assistant Minister.
In the fourth year of Changqing, Han Yu asked for leave due to illness. /kloc-0 died in Chang 'an on February 2nd at the age of 57.
Han Yu's thoughts
Han Yu's thoughts originated from Confucianism, but there were also deviant words. He pretends to be Confucian orthodoxy, opposes the purity and silence of Buddhism and the superstition of theocracy, but believes in the fate of ghosts and gods; He praised Mencius for expelling Yang Zhu and Mohism, and thought that Yang and Mohism ignored the right path and advocated using Confucius and Mohism. He advocated that Confucius should be king and should be humble and overbearing. But also praised the achievements of Guan Zhong and Shang Yang. He criticized the reform of the Erwang Group, but he was no different from the Erwang Group in opposing the separatist regime and eunuch dictatorship. These complex and contradictory phenomena are all reflected in his works.
Famous sayings handed down from ancient times
There is a road to diligence in Shushan, and there is no limit to learning the sea. (Hanyu Scholarship Alliance)
Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling? The heavy snow hindered the horse's progress. ("Moving to the left to show my grandnephew")
If you love children, you will be wronged. ("Listening to a Smart Teacher Playing the Piano")
The ancient gentleman was responsible for himself, but also paid attention to the week and was light on others. (Primitive Destruction)
Kiss and cut constantly, and you don't force it.
When everything is uneven, it will make a sound. ("Preface to Send Meng Dongye")
Teenagers know each other happily, but miss their old friends when they are dying.
The rain in Tianjie is crisp, but the grass color is far and near. This is the most beautiful season of the year, far better than the late spring of the green willow. ("Eighteen Members of Zhang Shui Department in Early Spring")
The career is endless.
Teachers, so preachers are also confused by the industry. ("Shi Shuo")
Industry is good at diligence, and playing with things is boring; What I did was thought, but it was destroyed. ("Solutions to Learning")
People are not born to know, who can not be confused? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. ("Shi Shuo")
Nothing is expensive, nothing is cheap, nothing is long, nothing is short, the Tao exists, and the teacher exists. ("Shi Shuo")
Lazy people can't fix it, and evasive people are afraid of being repaired by others.
Saint impermanence teacher. ("Shi Shuo")
Teaching and learning have successively, and there is specialization in the technical field. ("Shi Shuo")
Mayflies shake trees, which is ridiculous. ("Adjusting Zhang Ji")
No card, no flow, not much. (original road)