Examples of articles

Persistence is victory. People all want to achieve something in their careers or studies, but only some people have won, while quite a few people are in the pain of failure. Why is this? As the saying goes, "Success comes naturally". It stands to reason that those losers can fully taste the joy of victory, but they often lack a necessary condition for victory, that is, persistence. This is the reason why they failed. In the above proverb, the meaning of "persistence" has been implied in the "achievement". Obviously, if a person wants to achieve academic or career success, in addition to personal efforts, persistence is also an important condition to achieve this goal. Dickens, a famous British writer, usually pays great attention to observing and experiencing life. No matter whether it is windy or rainy, he insists on going to the streets to observe and listen every day, writing down the odds and ends of pedestrians and accumulating rich living materials. In this way, he wrote a wonderful description of dialogue between characters in david copperfield, and left a vivid description of social background in A Tale of Two Cities, thus becoming a generation of British writers and achieving great success in his literary career. Edison spent ten years developing the storage battery, during which he kept on gritting his teeth. After about 5, experiments, he finally succeeded in inventing the storage battery and was awarded the reputation of "the king of invention". Dickens and Edison won the final victory by persistence. Persistence made Dickens leave many excellent works for people and added many fine works to the treasure house of world literature. Persistence enabled Edison to overcome many difficulties and make indelible contributions to the progress of mankind. It can be seen that persistence can make people achieve career and academic success. Those losers often give up their efforts at the last minute and miss out on success. I remember that a chemist in Sweden seemed to find a new element when extracting iodine from seawater, but he retreated in the face of this complicated extraction and experiment. When another chemist spent a year, after numerous experiments, and finally added a new member to the family of elements-bromine, he was immortalized, the Swedish chemist could only watch each other silently immersed in the joy of victory. The two chemists, one of whom persisted and won; The other one didn't hold on and didn't succeed. It can be seen that persistence is the last obstacle to victory. In the darkest moment, that is, the moment when the light is coming, the more you need to persist in this moment. Because persistence is victory. (Chang Tianqi) (The scientist who missed the opportunity to discover bromine by introducing Cl into the immersion liquid was German chemist Justus von Liebig, and the French scientist Baglar discovered bromine. I hope the author will pay attention to the rigor of argumentative language when writing. He is a "German chemist", not a "Swedish chemist". )

1. Argument

Argument is the author's view, viewpoint and proposition on a certain problem or a certain kind of event in the article, which requires correctness, distinctiveness and pertinence, and is generally manifested in the title, the first sentence or the end of the article. For example, the article "Persistence is Victory" argues that persistence is an important condition for a person to achieve academic or career success.

2. Argument

Argument is evidence to prove the correctness of an argument. To prove the correctness of an argument, first of all, the argument must make people feel true and credible and can fully prove the argument. Secondly, the argument should be typical and can receive the effect of "taking one as ten". Third, the arguments should be novel, and try to find some fresh arguments that can give people new feelings and enlightenment. For example, the positive and negative examples of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists cited in the article "Persistence is Victory" are all arguments used to prove the argument, which are both typical and believable.

3. argumentation process

argumentation process refers to the process of using evidence to explain and prove that the argument is correct. It requires profound and thorough exposition and pays attention to the art of reasoning. Taking the exercise Persistence is Victory as an example, this composition uses two typical examples: the stories of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists, which proves the view that persistence is victory from two aspects of the text, and this process is the process of argumentation. Three elements of argumentative writing-Introduction 2

Argumentative writing has three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. Write an opinion according to the topic, and explain it. It is important to have persuasion ability, and the three elements are indispensable. Take a closer look at the following, and you can try to write more in the future, so that your composition can make progress. In addition, we should remember more famous sayings, aphorisms and celebrity examples, so as to better apply them in our compositions.

(1) Argument

(1) Meaning of argument: Argument is the point of view to be discussed and expounded in the article, and it is the view and proposition to be expressed by the author. Reading argumentative essays, the first thing is to find, extract and understand the arguments of the article. (2) There are several arguments: an article can have one argument or more than one argument. If there is more than one argument, it is necessary to clarify the central argument. These arguments can be parallel or progressive, but they should all obey the central argument of the whole paper. (3) the position of the argument: the argument of the article can be arranged at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the article, and sometimes it is the title. That is, it can be arranged anywhere in the article. But more often than not, it is at the beginning of the article, and so is the paragraph argument. (4) Presentation of arguments: Some argumentative arguments are expressed in clear sentences in the article, and we just need to find them out; Others are not directly expressed in clear sentences, which need to be extracted and summarized by readers themselves. (5) Attention should be paid to the proposition and establishment of the argument: ① correctness. The persuasiveness of an argument is rooted in the correct reflection of objective things, which in turn depends on whether the author's position, viewpoint, attitude and method are correct. If the argument itself is incorrect or even absurd, no amount of argument can convince people. Therefore, the correct argument is the minimum requirement of argumentative writing. ② distinctiveness. What is in favor of and against should be very clear, not ambiguous and ambiguous. ③ Novelty. Arguments should be as original and profound as possible, which can go beyond other people's opinions. They should not repeat other people's platitudes, nor be irrelevant and superficial. They should be as original and novel as possible.

(2) Arguments

(1) What is an argument? An argument is the material and basis to prove an argument. (2) types of arguments: ① factual materials as factual materials of arguments can be A. specific cases, B. summarized facts, C. statistics, D. personal experiences and feelings. (2) theoretical materials as the theoretical materials of arguments can be A. classic works and wise sayings of predecessors, B. folk proverbs and sayings, C. scientific axioms and laws, etc. (3) Requirements for using arguments: ① Certainty. We must choose those hard and typical facts. When citing theoretical materials that have been tested by practice as arguments, we must pay attention to the precise meaning of the cited theory itself. ② Typical. The cited examples should be widely representative, representing the universal characteristics and general nature of this kind of things. (3) the unity of arguments and arguments. The argument is to prove the argument, so the two should be closely related.

(3) Argumentation

(1) What is argument? Argumentation is the process of proving an argument with arguments. The argument of argumentation is to solve "what to prove", the argument is to solve "what to prove", and the argument is to solve the problem of "how to demonstrate". The purpose of argumentation is to reveal the internal logical relationship between arguments and arguments. (2) Types of argumentation: Argumentative argumentation is generally divided into two types: argument and refutation. (1) argument is a way of argument that positively proves the correctness of the author's own argument with sufficient arguments; (2) refutation is an argument way to refute others' wrong arguments with strong arguments. Argument and refutation are both proofs, one of which is to prove its correctness from the front, and the other is to prove its mistake from the back. They can use basically the same argument method. (3) Basic argumentation methods: including three categories and five kinds: induction, example, deduction, analogy and contrast. ① Induction. Inductive argument is an argument method from individual to general. It draws a general conclusion through many individual examples or arguments, and then summarizes the characteristics they have. Induction can first give examples and then conclude conclusions, or put forward conclusions and then give examples to prove them. The former is what we usually call induction, and the latter is what we call example. Example method is a kind of argumentation method to prove the argument with individual and typical concrete examples. ② Deductive method. Deductive argument is a kind of argument method from general to individual. It deduces conclusions about individual cases from general principles, and the relationship between its premise and conclusions is necessary. There are many forms of deduction, such as syllogism, hypothetical reasoning and selective reasoning, but the most important one is syllogism. Syllogism consists of three parts: major premise, minor premise and conclusion. Such as the major premise that all metals can conduct electricity, the minor premise that iron is a metal, and the conclusion that iron can conduct electricity. ③ Comparative method. Comparative argument is an argument method from individual to individual. It is usually divided into two categories, one is analogy and the other is comparison. Analogy is a method of comparing different things with the same or similar nature and characteristics in some aspects, thus drawing conclusions. Contrast method is a method to prove an argument by comparing different things whose nature and characteristics are opposite or opposite in some aspects. (4) Refutation methods: There are three methods to refute arguments, namely, ① refuting arguments, ② refuting arguments, and ③ refuting arguments. Because argumentative writing is composed of three parts: argument, argument and argument, refuting the argument or argument has the same effect as directly refuting the argument. A refutation paper can be combined with several refutation methods to strengthen the strength and persuasiveness of refutation. (1) refute the argument, that is, directly refute the one-sided, false or fallacy of the other argument itself, which is the most commonly used method in refutation. (2) refute the argument, that is, reveal the error of the other argument, in order to achieve the purpose of knocking down the other argument; Because the wrong argument is bound to lead to the wrong argument. (3) rebuttal argument, that is, exposing the logical errors of the other party in the process of argument, such as the contradiction between major premise, minor premise and conclusion, the contradiction between the other party's arguments, the contradiction between arguments and arguments, and so on. Three elements of argumentative writing-Introduction 3

Explain in detail the three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument

Argument:

Definition: The author's comments on the issues discussed (events, phenomena, Opinions and opinions held by people, ideas, etc.: a complete judgment sentence with a clear statement on the topic. 1. Argumentative papers generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative papers also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument, which are used to supplement or prove the central argument. As long as the relationship between these arguments is studied, the master and the slave can be separated. 2. How to find the central argument. Argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's views, and a complete sentence in form. Location can be divided into: article title, article beginning, article end, article middle, and some need to be summarized by readers. Note: rhetorical questions and figurative sentences cannot be used as arguments

:

is the material to support the argument, and it is the reason and basis used by the author to prove the argument. 1. Fact argument: Facts play an obvious role in argument, analyze the facts, see the truth, and test whether it is logically consistent with the point of the article. (Representative examples, conclusive data, reliable historical facts, etc.) 2. Theoretical arguments: Theories as arguments are always familiar to readers or generally recognized by society. They are the results of abstracting and summarizing a large number of facts.

argument:

the process and method of using arguments to prove arguments. the relationship between arguments and sub-arguments: arguments and arguments in argumentative papers are organized through arguments. Argumentation is the process and method of using arguments to prove arguments, and it is the logical link between arguments and arguments. Argument is to solve "what needs to be proved", argument is to solve "what to prove" and argument is to solve "how to prove". There are the following methods of argumentation: 1. Illustrative argumentation: cite conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument; (Function: specifically and forcefully demonstrate the point of view and enhance the persuasiveness of the article) 2. Reasoning argument: prove the argument with the incisive opinions in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism, famous sayings and aphorisms of famous people at home and abroad, and well-recognized theorem formulas; (Function: effectively demonstrate the point of view and enhance the authority and persuasiveness of the article) 3. Contrastive demonstration: compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove the arguments in comparison; (Function: it highlights the point of view and makes people impressed) 4. Metaphorical argument: use things that people are familiar with as metaphors to prove the argument. (Role: vividly demonstrate the point of view, making the article easy to understand, easy to understand and accept) In addition, in refutation, the refutation method of "using the spear of the child as the shield of the attack" and "reducing to absurdity" are often adopted. It is often used synthetically in most argumentative papers. 5. Citation argument: Citation argument is more complicated, which is related to the specific cited materials, including citing famous sayings, aphorisms, authoritative data, anecdotes of celebrities, jokes and other situations, and its role should be analyzed in detail. For example, citing famous sayings, aphorisms and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; Citing anecdotes of celebrities and anecdotes can enhance the interest of argument and attract readers to read. Argumentation mode: Argumentative essays are generally divided into two types: argument and refutation. 1. Argumentation: Argumentation is an argument method that expounds the author's opinions and opinions from the front on certain events or problems. When expressing one's attitude, we should pay attention to the following three points: (1) These views and opinions must be correct and unique to oneself after careful thinking or certain practice, or ideas that can actually solve practical problems. We should make readers feel innovative, increase their knowledge and improve their understanding of things. (2) It must be demonstrated around the discussed issues and central arguments. What kind of question is raised at the beginning, and the conclusion should be attributed to this question. In the process of argumentation, we should not deviate from Wan Li, give full play to it at will, or change the topic at will. If there are several sub-arguments, each sub-argument should be related to the central argument, and it should be learned from