2. I am lonely, I am free, and I am my own emperor.
3. To judge beauty, you must have a cultivated mind.
4. There are two things. The more I think about it, the longer it takes, and they fill my sense of surprise and seriousness, which is that I see more and more new and more engraved, and that is the starry sky above my head and the moral law in my heart.
5. The most wonderful thing in the world is the splendid starry sky above my head and my inner moral principles.
6. The most sacred, eternal and ever-changing things that surprise and shock us most are the stars in the sky and the moral law in our hearts.
7. Beauty is a symbol of moral goodness.
8. What a person says must be true, but he has no obligation to tell all the truth.
9. Beauty is a kind of aimless happiness.
1. Now that I have stood on this road, nothing can stop me from going on.
11. Honesty is better than all ingenuity, because it is the basic condition of ingenuity.
12. Shyness is a secret of nature, which is used to suppress the desire of indulgence. It obeys the call of nature, but it is always in harmony with goodness and virtue.
13. Suicide is abhorrent because God forbids it. God forbids suicide, because it is abhorrent.
14. Work is the best way to make life happy.
living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
16. If you want to achieve great things, you should start when you are young.
17. If you don't learn humor and wit, people will be too bitter.
18. Activities or sports are the teachers of human health.
19. If you don't immediately feel disgusted when you meet wicked things, and you don't immediately feel happy when you meet beautiful things, you will have no sense of morality, and such people will have no conscience. Who has done immoral things and is only afraid of being sentenced, blames himself not because of his misconduct, but because he is frightened at the thought of the painful consequences. Such people have no conscience, but only the surface of their conscience. However, whoever can realize the immoral degree of the behavior itself, regardless of the consequences, has a conscience.
2. Freedom is not to let you do whatever you want, but to teach you not to do whatever you don't want to do.
21. Being angry is to punish yourself with other people's mistakes.
22. Three things help to relieve the hardships of life: hope, sleep and smile.
23. The reason why the sea is great is that besides its beauty, grandeur and magnanimity, it also has a self-purification function.
24. A person's shortcomings come from his times, but his virtues and greatness belong to himself.
25. The more you try to get comfort and happiness in life, the less satisfied this person will be.
26. Genius is a person who makes his own laws.
27. The morality of an action does not depend on its result, but only on the intention behind it.
28. Pain is being forced to leave one's place.
29. The busier we are, the stronger we feel that we are alive, and the more we realize the existence of our life.
3. If you try your best and still get nothing, all that remains is good will. Just like a sleeping gem, it shines brilliantly and has value in itself.
31. All our knowledge begins with sensibility, then enters intellectuality, and finally ends with rationality. There is nothing higher than reason.
32. A person has no confidence and doesn't want to get up the next day.
33. The person who is above me is a brilliant starry sky; Moral laws, in my heart.
34. Having a direct interest in natural beauty ... is always a sign of kindness.
35. If there is no sufficient reason to refuse the child's request, it should be met; If there is a reason for not agreeing to this request, then he is not allowed to cheat. Once you refuse, don't change.
36. One of the most complicated tasks of education is to combine obedience to the compulsion of the law with educating children to be good at using their free power. As long as children don't do anything harmful to themselves and others, they should be given freedom of action, and don't try to change their wishes. Let children know that they can only achieve their goals by providing others with the possibility to achieve their goals.
37. Morality is first required to dominate itself.
38. Be as happy as you were when you were young! Youth, like a lark, has its morning song; Old age, like a nightingale, should have its serenade.
39, the so-called religion, that is, all our obligations are regarded as God's orders
4, the obligation of philosophy is to get rid of illusions born of misunderstanding.
41. People, in fact, are all rational people, so they exist because they are an end, not a tool only for this or that will.
42. Enlightenment means that a person walks out of the ward state where he is to blame himself. A ward state is a state in which one cannot use one's own reason without the guidance of others. If the reason for this state of guardianship lies not in the lack of reason, but in the lack of determination and courage to use one's own reason without the guidance of others, then it is self-inflicted. Therefore, Sapere aude[ dare to know]! Have the courage to use your own reason!
43. Morality is really not a dogma that guides people how to make themselves happy, but a theory that guides people how to deserve happiness.
44. I was not qualified when love needed me, but he left me when I needed love.
45. Beauty is a symbol of moral goodness.
46, wine can make people speak briskly, and wine can make people express their feelings more. Wine, therefore, has become a kind of moral nature and a substance that conveys a straightforward heart.
47. Philosophy cannot be taught, and philosophy is always the cause of thinkers.
48. Although happiness for oneself is a goal that all people have (due to their natural impulse), this goal can never be regarded as an obligation without contradiction. What everyone inevitably wants automatically does not belong to the concept of obligation; Because the obligation is mandatory and has an unwilling purpose. Therefore, it is contradictory to say that people have the obligation to make every effort to promote their own happiness. -
49. Rationality holds its own principle in one hand and studies and experiments based on that principle in the other, and goes to nature.
5. The most taboo thing about beauty is that it makes people feel disgusted, but what is far from sublime is that it makes people laugh. Therefore, the most painful thing for a man is that you call him incompetent, and women hate it when you call her ugly.
51. As long as you do your duty, people will sincerely respect you.
52, in the process of human understanding of nature, not things are affecting people, but people are affecting things. It is we who are constructing the real world. In the process of understanding things, people are more important than things themselves. In fact, it is impossible for us to realize the truth of things. We can only know the appearance of things.
53. Although experience tells us that something is in such a state, it doesn't tell us that it can't be another state.
54. Beauty is a symbol of morality.
55. When parents educate their children, they usually just adapt them to the current world-even if it is a degenerate world. This is a true portrayal of many parents in China. The continuation and survival of offspring is of great significance to animal evolution, but it is not like human beings to pursue it only. Giving birth to children only adds to the slave owners. Such parents are not worthy to say that they love their children.
56. Greed is the endless desire of human beings for the outside world.
57. When moral punishment is no longer effective, people only put it into physical punishment, but it is impossible to cultivate good character through it.
58. Man is the ultimate goal of creation in this world, because man is the only concept in the world that can form a purpose, and it is a system that can form a purpose from a lot of things that have a purpose with the help of his rationality.
59, who can only be happy according to other people's choices, he should feel unhappy. Because, how can he guarantee that his powerful neighbor's judgment on the choice will be consistent with his own judgment?
6. Funny is a serious imbalance between expectation and consequence.
61. Criticism of reason will inevitably lead to science in the end. On the contrary, the arbitrary application of reason without criticism will lead to unfounded claims that people can oppose with the same obvious opposite claims, thus leading to skepticism.
62. Self-discipline of will is the only principle of all moral laws and obligations corresponding to them.
63. The real path of metaphysics is not dealing with the endless experience objects, but starting from the reason itself, and as for the reason itself, there is a dialogue. This is the foundation of metaphysics and cannot be removed.
64. Men are easy to be inspected, but women don't reveal their secrets.
65. To regard it as true, or the subjective validity of judgment, lies in the belief that there are three levels in the relationship: opinion, belief and knowledge. An opinion is one that is not fully regarded as true subjectively and objectively. If taking it as true is only sufficient subjectively, but at the same time it is regarded as insufficient objectively, then it is called belief. Finally, the kind that is sufficient both subjectively and objectively is called knowledge when it is regarded as true. One of the joys of reading is to find that you occasionally think of it with the greatest thinker in history. Long before reading the pure batch, I thought of knowledge and opinions ...
66. Metaphysics is a completely isolated and speculative rational knowledge, which completely transcends the teaching of experience and relies on only concepts (unlike mathematics, which relies on applying concepts to intuition), so it is rational to be its own student here; Although metaphysics is older than all the other sciences, and even if all the other sciences are completely swallowed up in a savage abyss that destroys everything, it will survive, but so far fate has never patronized it so much that it can choose a reliable path of science.
67. The ability (receptivity) to obtain appearances through the way we are stimulated by the object is called sensibility.
68. Only when two people give themselves completely to each other, rather than just giving their sexual ability to each other, sexual behavior is not objectified. Only when couples share their "people, bodies and souls in all aspects, good or bad" can their sexual behavior lead to "a kind of unity between people".
69. The so-called religion means that all our obligations should be treated as God's commands.
7. "There is only one thing we know for sure, and that is that we will die eventually." As death, it seems to be an experience gained from seeing other things die. However, this proposition is indeed an inevitable proposition. However, some people may say that people like Enoch exist or not, so after all, this is an empirical judgment of "no exceptions have been found".
71. Give me matter, and I will use it to create a universe.
72. Self-discipline of will is the only principle of all moral laws and obligations corresponding to them. On the contrary, all arbitrary heteronomy not only does not establish any responsibility at all, but is opposite to the principle of responsibility and the virtue of will. Because the only principle of virtue lies in the independence of all the materials of the law, at the same time, it stipulates arbitrariness through a certain criterion that must be competent in a simple universal legislative form. But that independence is the freedom of negative understanding. Therefore, moral law only expresses the self-discipline of pure practical reason, and this self-discipline itself is the formal condition of all norms, and only under this condition can all norms be consistent with the highest practical law. Therefore, if the material of will, which can only exist as the object of desire associated with the law, is put into the practice law as its possible condition, then any heteronomy is formed from it, that is, the dependence on obeying the natural law of an impulse or hobby, and the will is not to provide the law for itself, but only to provide a specification that reasonably abides by the pathological law.
73. As for the great success of logic, it has this advantage but only benefits from its own limitations. This limitation gives it the right and even the obligation to take away all the objects and differences of knowledge, so that in it, intellectuality does not deal with anything except itself and its form.
74. These orders either specify the conditions of the rational existence as the cause of action only by considering the result and its sufficiency, or only specify the will, regardless of whether it is enough to achieve the effect. The former will be a hypothetical command, and only contain the skillful specifications; On the contrary, the latter will be definitive and the only practical rule. Therefore, although the criteria are some principles, they are not orders, but if the orders themselves are conditional, that is, if they do not stipulate the will absolutely as the will, but only consider some desired result, that is, if they are just hypothetical orders, then although they are practical norms, they are by no means practical laws.
75. Time is an indispensable representation as the basis of all intuition. Although people can completely remove images from time, they can't cancel time itself as far as general images are concerned. Therefore, time is given by nature. It is only in time that all the reality of manifestation is possible. All these manifestations can be removed, but time itself (as a universal condition for the possibility of manifestation) cannot be cancelled.
76. The principle of self-discipline is the only moral principle.
77. What can be done by intellectuality is always nothing more than the form of presupposition of general possible experience, and since it is not the object of experience, intellectuality can never cross the boundary of sensibility, and only within the boundary of sensibility can the object be given to us.
78. All inevitability is based on a transcendental condition at any time.
79. It provides the same function of unity for various representations in a judgment, and also provides unity for the pure synthesis of various representations in an intuitive way. To express this function in a general way is called pure intellectual concept.
8. A piece of knowledge begins with experience, but it is not empirical knowledge that originates from experience, but a compound of the impression we accept and our inherent cognitive ability. Innate knowledge: not dependent on experience, completely independent of experience, that is, the so-called "pure". Previously, metaphysics was dogmatic and made out of nothing. Kant's purpose was to clarify the scope, rules and boundaries of reason and make metaphysics embark on a reliable road. Husserl's phenomenology is a further advance, right?
81. The question to be answered by "Critique of Judgment" is: What hope can we have? Kant's answer is: if I want to be truly moral, I must assume the existence of God, assuming that after the end of life and
In July 2009, the self-study exam "Ideological and Moral