1) Overview of speech scripts

Speech scripts are also called speeches. They are speech scripts delivered at more solemn ceremonies and in certain public places.

Speech script is the basis for delivering a speech. It is a specification and reminder for the content and form of the speech. It embodies the purpose and means of the speech, as well as the content and form of the speech.

Speech script is a style of writing that people often use in work and social life. It can be used to exchange thoughts and feelings, express ideas and opinions; it can also be used to introduce one's own study, work and experience...etc.; the speech has the functions of publicity, agitation, education and appreciation, etc. It can bring the speaker to the forefront Convey your views, opinions, thoughts and feelings to the audience and readers, making them convinced and emotionally aroused.

There is a big difference between speech, performance and composition. First of all, a speech is when a speaker (a real person with a certain social role, not an actor) uses spoken language to face the audience (not the audience) on a certain occasion (not the stage) on some meaningful thing or issue that people are generally concerned about. The audience of an art performance) is a social activity that directly expresses opinions (not an art performance). Secondly, composition is the author's unilateral output of information to readers through articles, while speech is a two-way exchange of information between the speaker and the audience at the scene. Strictly speaking, a speech is a triangular information exchange between the speaker and the audience, and the audience and the audience. The speaker cannot be satisfied with conveying his own thoughts, emotions, and emotions. He must be able to control the response between himself and the audience, and between the audience and the audience. and communicate. Therefore, the manuscript prepared for the speech has the following three characteristics:

First, pertinence. Speech is a social activity and a form of publicity used in public places. In order to inform the audience, impress the audience, and "conquer" the masses with thoughts, feelings, examples, and theories, it must be realistically targeted. The so-called pertinence means firstly that the issues raised by the author are issues of concern to the audience. Comments and arguments must have eloquent logical power and must be accepted and convinced by the audience. Only in this way can they have the desired social effect; secondly, It is necessary to understand that the audience has different audiences and levels, and there are also different types of "public occasions", such as party group meetings, professional meetings, service clubs, schools, social groups, religious groups, and various competition occasions. When writing, you must Design different speech contents for the audience according to different occasions and different objects.

Second, talkability. The essence of a speech lies in "telling" rather than "acting". It is based on "speaking" and supplemented by "acting". Since the speech must be oral, the draft must be easy to speak and can be spoken as a prerequisite. If some articles and works are mainly appreciated through reading to appreciate their meaning and flavor, then the requirement for a speech is to be "catchy on the tongue and easy on the ears." A good speech should be talkable for the speaker and pleasant for the listeners. Therefore, after the speech is written, the author can check it by giving it a trial or silently reciting it. If the speech is not smooth or cannot be heard clearly (such as a sentence that is too long), it should be revised and adjusted.

Third, agitation. Speaking is an art. A good speech has the ability to arouse the audience's emotions and win their favor. To achieve this, we must first rely on the rich and profound ideological content of the speech, the insightful, original, and thought-provoking, and the language expression must be vivid, vivid, and contagious. If the speech is written insipidly and has no originality, no matter how hard you perform it on the spot, the effect will not be good, or even the opposite.

2) The structure of the speech script

From the internal structure, the speech needs to form or create the emotional atmosphere of the scene, and the content should be relatively concentrated. Usually an honest speech script "We can only talk about two or three questions at most, and these two or three questions are very closely connected logically, unfolding one by one in a layer-by-layer manner. The most taboo at this time is the plane List: A, B, C, D, 1234, abcd. It is especially taboo to state the argument first and then give examples. This will only make the audience stop thinking and even fall asleep.

Scattered arguments and passive (that is, non-analytical, incapable of developing an argument) examples are tantamount to a lullaby. "And "In speech contests, it is especially required to focus on arguments because the time limit is greater. "(Sun Shaozhen: "About the Writing of Speeches") The structure of a speech is divided into three parts: the beginning, the main body, and the end. Its structural principles are roughly the same as those of general articles. However, because speeches are temporal and spatial Activities, so the structure of the speech also has its own characteristics, especially its beginning and end have special requirements

1. The beginning should catch the audience and be engaging

Speech. The beginning of the manuscript is also called the opening statement. It plays an important role in the structure of the speech and plays an important role: "The opening statement has two tasks: one is to establish the same feeling between the speaker and the listener; The second is, as the meaning of the word explains, to open up the scene and introduce the main topic. "A good speech should use the most concise language and the most economical time at the beginning to attract the audience's attention and excitement. Only in this way can it achieve a surprising and winning effect.

Opening Techniques The main ones are:

1. Use a few sincere words to establish a personal relationship with the audience and gain the audience's favor and trust;

2. Directly reflect a connection. For a situation, or an issue to be discussed, a small incident, a metaphor, a personal experience, an anecdote, or an unexpected question is often used to connect the main speech content;

3. Inspire . You can ask some questions that stimulate the audience's thinking and focus the audience's attention on the speech; 4. Tell the audience what you are going to say at the beginning. The speeches of writers and national leaders are like this.

There are many ways to start a speech, the main ones commonly used are:

1. Get straight to the point and hint at the topic. This kind of opening is to enter the topic as soon as the lecture begins, directly reminding the center of the speech. For example, Song Qingling's "Speech at the Ceremony of Accepting the Honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Victoria in Canada" begins: "I am honored to receive the Honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Victoria in Canada." "Using this method, you must first clearly grasp the center of the speech and lay out the arguments to be prompted to the audience, so that the audience will know what the center of the speech is and focus immediately.

2. Introduce the situation and explain the reasons. This kind of opening can quickly shorten the distance with the audience and make the audience eager to understand the following. For example, the beginning of Engels's "Speech at the Grave of Jenny Marx" on December 5, 1881: " The woman of noble character whom we now bury was born in Salzwedel in 1814. Her father, Baron von Westphalen, had been close to the Marx family in Trier; the children of both families grew up together. By the time Max entered college, he and his future wife knew their lives would be forever linked. "This beginning provides the necessary introduction and explanation of what happened and the characters, paving the way for further prompting the topic to the audience.

3. Raise questions and attract attention. This method is based on the characteristics of the audience. and the content of the speech, raising some questions that stimulate the audience's thinking to attract the audience's attention. For example, Frederick Douglass delivered "Condemnation" at the National Day Convention held in Rochester, New York, USA on July 4, 1854. "Speech on Slavery" can arouse the audience's positive thinking as soon as it starts, bringing people into an angry and profound situation: "Citizens, please forgive me for asking, why are you inviting me to speak here today? What do I, or the slaves I represent, have to do with your Fourth of July? Are the principles of political freedom and equality enunciated in the Declaration of Independence also common to us? Shall I come, therefore, to offer our humble tribute to the altar of the State, to acknowledge and express devout gratitude for the graces which your independence has brought us? "In addition to the above three methods, there are also explanatory style, suspense style, warning style, humorous style, pun style, lyrical style, etc.

2. The main body should be interconnected and in-depth.

This is the main part of the speech. In the process of writing, it is necessary to deal with several issues such as level, rhythm and cohesion.

(1) Level Level is the order in which the ideological content of the speech is expressed. It reflects the steps in which the speaker’s ideas are developed, and also reflects the speaker’s understanding of objective things. The level of the speech’s structure is based on It is formed by selecting and combining speech materials based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the speech. Since speech is an activity that directly faces the audience, the structural level of the speech cannot be grasped by the audience through vision, and the auditory grasp of the level is limited by the time of the speech.

So, how can we make the structure of the speech clear? According to the characteristics of the audience's hearing to grasp the hierarchy, the basic method to show the structural hierarchy of a speech is to establish obvious audio language signs in the speech, so as to appeal to the auditory sense in a timely manner to obtain the effect of clear hierarchy. The speaker repeatedly asks questions in his speech and elaborates his views based on the questions, so that the structure can be interlocked and deepened layer by layer. In addition, using transitional sentences or using words such as "first", "secondly" and "then" to distinguish levels in the speech is also an effective way to make the levels clear.

(2) Rhythm Rhythm refers to the relaxation and ups and downs of the structural arrangement of the speech content. The rhythm of the speech structure is mainly achieved by changing the content of the speech. The transformation of the speech content is to appropriately insert humor, poetry, anecdotes and other content into the content guided by a theme, so that the audience's attention can remain highly concentrated without excitability suppression due to high concentration. There is almost no good speaker who is not good at using this method. The rhythm of the speech structure should be both distinct and moderate. Straightforward and dull narration will certainly make the audience nervous and fatigued, but too frequent changes in content will also cause the audience to lose their attention. Therefore, the inserted content should serve the purpose of the speech, and the frequency of the rhythm should also be determined based on the psychological characteristics of the audience.

(3) Cohesion Cohesion refers to connecting the various levels of content in the speech to make it have a seamless overall feeling. Since the rhythm of the speech requires timely changes in the content of the speech, it is easy for the structure of the speech to appear fragmented. Cohesion is a kind of compensation for the tightness and density of the structure. It makes the transformation of each content level more clever and natural, makes the speech full of integrity, and helps the theme of the speech to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The method of connecting the structure of the speech script is mainly to use transitional paragraphs or transitional sentences that are related to the two paragraphs of content and two levels.

3. The ending should be concise, powerful, and lingering. The ending is the natural conclusion of the speech. A concise, concise and lingering ending can invigorate the audience and prompt them to think and ponder continuously; while a loose, boring and boring ending can only make the audience bored and be forgotten as things pass. How can you leave a lasting impression on your audience? American writer John Wolfe said: "The speech ends decisively when the audience's interest reaches its climax, and stops abruptly when it is not over." This is the most effective way to end a speech. When the speech is at its climax, the audience's cerebral cortex is highly excited, and their attention and emotions reach a state. If the speech is suddenly ended in this state, the final impression retained in the brain of the audience will be particularly profound. There is no fixed format for the end of the speech. It may be a concise summary of the main points of the speech, or it may end with a call to action or motivational words, or it may end with a poem, famous quote, or humorous words. But the general rule is to leave a lasting impression on your audience.

3) Writing of campaign speeches

1. Understand the audience and be targeted. Speeches are meant for people to listen to. Therefore, when writing a speech, you must first understand the audience: understand their What is their ideological status, educational level, and professional status? Understand what problems they are concerned about and urgently need to solve, etc. Otherwise, if you don’t look at the target, no matter how hard you write your speech and no matter how fancy it is, the audience will feel uninterested and indifferent, and the purpose of publicity, agitation, education and appreciation will not be achieved.

Language master Lao She said it well: "Our thoughts and deepest feelings can only be expressed by the most beautiful language. If we cannot express them, who knows how good our thoughts and feelings will be?" ("Characters, Language" and others") It can be seen that to write a good speech, it is not enough to have clear and popular language, but also to make the language vivid and touching. How to make language vivid and touching? The first is to use figurative language, using metaphors, comparisons, exaggerations and other techniques to enhance the image color of the language, turn abstraction into concreteness, make profound things simple, and make boring things interesting. The second is to use humorous and interesting language to enhance the expressiveness of the speech. In this way, it can not only deepen the theme, but also make the atmosphere of the speech relaxed and harmonious; it can not only adjust the rhythm of the speech, but also relieve the fatigue of the audience. The third is to give full play to the musical characteristics of the language and pay attention to the harmony of tones and changes in rhythm.

(4) Be accurate and simple. Accuracy means that the language used in the speech can accurately express the objects and principles being spoken about, and reveal their essence and their interrelationships. To do this, the author must first be familiar with the object of expression, and his understanding must be correct; secondly, he must have clear concepts, appropriate judgments, appropriate wording, and reasonable sentence organization and structure. Simplicity refers to using ordinary language to express the ideological content of the speech clearly and smoothly without deliberately pursuing the gorgeousness of words in form. If you pursue the beauty of words too much, you will be self-defeating and lose the appeal of simplicity and beauty.

(5) The length must be controlled. The speech should not be too long, and the time must be properly controlled. German speech scientist Heinz Redman pointed out in the article "Elements of Speech Content": "Don't expect too much in a speech. It is better to have only one impressive idea than fifty witnesses. The thought of listening and forgetting. It is better to hammer in a nail firmly than to press dozens of thumbtacks that will come out at once. "So, the length of the speech is not important, but the essence. 5. Revise carefully and strive for excellence. When engaging in writing in any style, you must pay attention to revision, revise seriously, and revise carefully. Writing speeches is no exception. For example, after Lincoln was asked to give the above speech, he drafted the speech himself and read it to the servants in the White House while directing the war and communicating with the country. Until the night before the speech, he was still revising and revising the speech again in the small room of the hotel. For another example, Marx passed away on March 14, 1883. Engels delivered the speech "Speech at Marx's Tomb". A draft of the speech began: "Just fifteen months ago, most of us gathered around this tomb that would have been the final resting place of a noble and noble woman. Today we are again The grave must be dug and her husband's body placed inside." The author thought about it and revised it, writing: "At a quarter past two in the afternoon of March 14th, the greatest thinker of our time stopped thinking. He stayed alone in the room for no more than two minutes. When we went in again, we found him sleeping peacefully on the easy chair - but he had fallen asleep forever. The speaker got to the topic quickly and expressed his infinite love and deep regret for the deceased at the beginning of his speech, making the people present immersed in the memory and reverence of Marx. It is this serious attitude and careful revision that provides a strong guarantee for the success of each of his speeches.