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A famous saying of taking.
Meaning: I only judge people by words, but I misread slaughter; It is wrong to judge people only by their appearance.

Source: Biography of Zhong Ni Disciples, a classical Chinese article written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty. In this biography, some people describe it in detail, and a large article is voluminous; Some people have short descriptions and only two words in their names. This biography mainly describes the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. This biography also retains the form of question and answer between Confucius and his disciples in the account.

Excerpt from the original text: I swam south to the river, and from 300 disciples, I made princes. Confucius listened and said, "I judge people by their words and lose my way;" Judge a book by its cover. "

He went south to the Yangtze River and 300 students followed him. His acquisition, giving, abandonment and inclination are all perfect, and his reputation has spread all over the world. Hearing these words, Confucius said, "I judge people only by words, but I judge that it is wrong to slaughter them;" It is wrong to judge people only by their appearance. "

The expanded materials of Zhong Ni's Biography of Disciples are mainly based on The Analects of Confucius, supplemented by ancient books such as Chunqiu Zuoshi Biography. The Analects of Confucius was re-transmitted by Zhong Ni's disciples and his disciples. Some include several chapters, some only record one thing or a few words, mostly a few words, no complicated words, and few strict structures.

There is no coherence in writing quotations, let alone focusing on characters, character descriptions and personality characteristics. Zuo's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period is a chronicle. If recorded according to time, the stories of the characters will be scattered everywhere, fragmented and difficult to concentrate. Taishigong contains historical materials, which are biographies respectively, which makes the mental outlook and personality characteristics of the characters in his works impressive, and the ins and outs of his deeds are also clear and concentrated.

For example, Lutz's hobby, ambition, personality, clothing, behavior and deeds are all gathered in one article, which gives readers a complete understanding of this man's image from being brave and overbearing to being polite and righteous, from being an official with excellent learning to becoming a local governor. In particular, Lutz heard that there was an uprising between Qin Lou and Kong Mao, and he "ran away when he heard of it". Before and after he died to quell the riots, Lutz's character of "eating others and not avoiding difficulties" suddenly appeared.

Zi Gong Biography is a great article. Not only the deeds are concentrated, but also the images are vivid and more literary. Tian Chang's insurrection and Zi Gong's outing refer to Chen's interests, which is strange and to the point. Then I traveled back and forth between wuyue, making suggestions, promoting and returning to Shandong.

About the author: Sima Qian (about BC 145 or BC 135-? ), xia yang (southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). He was born into a family of historians, and his father Sima Tan was an official of Taishiling. Sima Qian went to Chang 'an with his father at the age of ten, and studied under Dong Zhongshu and Kong Anguo successively. At the age of 20, he began to travel to famous mountains and rivers, where he visited local customs and collected historical relics and legends.

After Sima Qian succeeded his father, Taishiling, he was able to enjoy the imperial collection and cruise around with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which increased his knowledge. At the same time, he began to sort out historical materials in order to fulfill his father's last wish and write a general history of "the name of a monarch, the loyalty of a minister and the death of righteousness"

In the second year of Emperor Tiandi of Han Dynasty (99 BC), when Li Ling went to Xiongnu, he was trapped in a tight encirclement because of the poor response of friendly forces, and he ran out of food and surrendered to Xiongnu. Sima Qian angered Emperor Wudi by protecting Li Ling and was sentenced to prison.

Suffering from this great humiliation, Sima Qian was angry and unwilling to live, but in order to realize his ideal, he was determined to "submit to humiliation". After he was released from prison, he served as the secretary of the secretariat of the secretariat, continued to write books with indignation, and completed the famous "Historical Records" praised by Mr. Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme".