Interest is the best teacher. With interest, students can enter the context of what teachers teach, actively study, think, explore and imagine with full enthusiasm, and generate sparks of creative thinking. Therefore, it is particularly critical to stimulate students' interest. Therefore, for every text and every class, I can dig deep into the text according to the needs of primary school students, and use various methods to arouse students' enthusiasm and creativity, such as telling stories, playing games, watching pictures, listening to tapes, role-playing, reading competitions, and teachers' passion to create situations. I remember when I was teaching Guilin Landscape, I played beautiful music and made a landscape map of Guilin, which was beautiful and colorful, just like a fairyland on earth. The students were deeply fascinated by the beautiful scenery and intoxicated by the melodious music, which naturally created a pleasant, beautiful and harmonious atmosphere, which made the students immersive and ignited their thirst for knowledge.
Second, carefully design questions and encourage students to ask and question.
Thinking begins with problems. Well-designed unfair problems can bring students' thinking and attention into specific problem situations, provide students with opportunities to actively participate in teaching activities, and help cultivate students' imagination and creativity. The design of questions should be few and precise, and must have thinking value, preferably in the recent development area of students. It's futile to ask any questions with thinking value, which will only waste classroom teaching time. In other words, the design of questions should arouse students' independent thinking, give students room for imagination and encourage students to answer questions creatively. Therefore, when I was teaching Fanka, I asked such a question: "Do you think Fanka's wish can come true? Why? " Because of this question, the students will definitely answer: "it can't be realized." The reason often comes down to "the address on the envelope is unknown, and the stamp is posted again." This is obviously superficial. In order to cultivate students' imagination and profound thinking, I designed a relatively open question for students: "If the address is detailed and stamped, can Grandpa take him back by letter?" Why? "The spark of students' thinking has been activated, and the door of imagination has been opened. They spoke freely, expressed their unique opinions and expressed their true thoughts without reservation. "Learning begins with thinking, and thinking begins with questioning", and thinking always begins with questioning. Pavlov has a famous saying: Doubt is the idea of discovery, the driving force of exploration and the premise of innovation. So I pay special attention to cultivating students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge.
Third, induce divergent thinking, boldly imagine and re-create art.
Every text in the textbook often leaves room for students' imagination, which is the best opportunity to train students' imagination. At this time, I will guide students to break the shackles of convention, inspire students to think from all angles, and encourage students to be brave in innovation and imagine boldly and reasonably. I remember learning the lesson of Fanka. On the basis of students' full reading, I have deeply felt Fanka's bad life and tragic fate. At this time, I guide students to imagine boldly: "What will happen when Fanka wakes up?" Some said, "I was scolded by my master and teased by my buddies. I couldn't eat well, slept well, was hungry and cold, and was in great pain." Someone said, "Fanka's letter was returned and fell into the owner's hand. The master became more and more cruel to him, refused to let him eat, and woke up outside every night. In the end, Fanka was unbearable and died tragically. " Others said: "Fanka's letter happened to fall into the hands of a villager and was sent to grandpa, who took him away." Since then, he and his grandfather have lived a free and happy life. " Different ideas express different feelings of children. The first two tragic endings will strengthen students' hatred of the czar's rule in feudal society and their deep sympathy for poor Fanka. The third happy ending represents the students' good wishes, hoping that Fanka can live a good life and escape from suffering forever. No matter what kind of ideas are students' creative thinking and their precious imagination, they will promote the understanding of the article and sublimate their emotions.
Vigorously promoting quality education focusing on cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability is a strong call for education in the new century, and it is also the responsibility given to us educators by history. Specific measures: first, stimulate students' innovative spirit and cultivate students' innovative ability in subject teaching, such as adopting independent inquiry teaching mode to let students learn actively; Stimulate students' creativity by combining teaching content; Pay attention to cultivating students' divergent thinking and flexible thinking in teaching. Second, guide the invention techniques to cultivate students' creativity, such as: shortcomings enumeration method, reverse thinking method, etc. Third, establish creative interest groups and strengthen the cultivation of creative students.
In today's world, knowledge economy is developing rapidly, science and technology are developing rapidly, and international competition is becoming increasingly fierce. Practice has proved that innovative knowledge is the driving force to promote economic development. Therefore, vigorously promoting quality education focusing on cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability is the strong call of education in the new century and the responsibility given to us educators by history. So how to cultivate students' creativity in education and teaching? The following is my experience in guiding students to carry out creative and inventive activities in recent years.
First, stimulate students' innovative spirit and cultivate their innovative ability in subject teaching.
(A) the use of independent inquiry teaching mode, so that students take the initiative to learn.
To cultivate innovative ability, we must first start with the teaching mode. The traditional teaching mode emphasizes conclusion over process, which can't cultivate students' ability to find and solve problems. And finding problems is the starting point of invention. In physics teaching, I adopt the mode of "learning before teaching, actively exploring, discussing and communicating, asking questions and solving problems, and practicing and consolidating", so that students are always in the process of active learning, continuous exploration and continuous thinking. The teaching process can be summarized as finding and solving problems. For some important theorems, I don't tell students directly. For example, when I talk about ohm's law, I take students to the laboratory and let them do a series of experiments with ammeters, voltmeters, resistors and other instruments. Finally, I came to the conclusion that the students basically understood the process of ohm's law and understood it more profoundly and correctly. Another example is the experiment of measuring resistance. Many students found that the filament resistance changed greatly, so they asked whether the filament resistance was related to the temperature. I gave great encouragement to my classmates' discovery and guided them to complete the experiment to verify the relationship between resistance and temperature.
In a word, the problem-based teaching method with students learning to actively learn, find and solve problems has laid the foundation for invention and creation.
(B) combined with teaching content to stimulate students' creativity
In the teaching process, I don't give up any knowledge points that can stimulate students' creativity. For example, when studying the section of electromagnetic relay, students are interested in making various automatic controllers with the electromagnetic relay introduced in the book, so I inspired my students. In our life, where can we use it for automatic control? The students talked a lot. Jason said that cattle raised in the village are often stolen. I wish I had pressed the automatic alarm at the door. I encouraged his idea and helped him find a pressure sensor. As a result, it automatically called the police in a few days. For another example, after learning the sliding rheostat, I inspired students to make a desk lamp with adjustable brightness with the sliding rheostat. For example, in the section on density application, when it comes to identifying substances by density, I inspire students that there are many people selling gold ornaments now. Can students come up with a way to identify its authenticity? Everyone immediately thought of the method of measuring density. I took a fake earring for everyone to identify. Many students use conventional methods to solve the problem, but the size of the earrings is too small, and the minimum scale of the measuring cylinder is 2ml, so I will let the students find a way. As a result, Li Ying skillfully solved the problem of correctly measuring the volume of tiny objects by connecting a needle cylinder with a thin glass tube, and combined with the use of a lever, successfully invented a gold and silver jewelry discriminator and won a prize in the competition. In a word, the application of every knowledge point in the course of subject teaching can inspire students in time, capture the bright spot of students' creation, encourage students to think boldly and try boldly, subtly develop an innovative thinking habit, consciousness and ability, and consciously use what they have learned to make inventions.
(3) Pay attention to cultivating students' divergent thinking and flexible thinking in teaching.
The premise of innovation is the divergence and flexibility of thinking. There are many solutions to one thing, not just one thing. Without divergence and flexibility, there is no creation. In teaching, I pay attention to cultivating students' divergent thinking. For example, a variety of solutions to a problem can be analyzed and understood from multiple angles and levels and different solutions. After long-term training, divergent thinking and flexible thinking can be formed. When encountering problems, we can decide whether it can be changed, popularized, innovative and applied by thinking. For example, when studying the section of measuring the power of small light bulbs, after the students did the experiment according to the routines in the book, I asked them to design the circuit and experimental method for doing this experiment only with voltmeter or ammeter. Another example is to ask students to measure the length of a thin copper wire in various ways. Students have mastered the methods of solving problems according to different situations. This is of great benefit to their participation in creative and inventive activities.
Second, guide the invention methods and cultivate students' creativity.
As a special practical activity, creative activities also have technology to follow. If we consciously teach students the skills and methods of invention, inspire students' creative consciousness and consciously use the invented technology, we will enhance the order of invention and improve the success rate of invention. According to the experience, it is summarized as follows:
(A) shortcomings enumeration method
At first, students thought that creating inventions was a matter for scientists, and they didn't know where to start, so I started with the simplest method of enumerating shortcomings to stimulate students' creative consciousness. The existing products and scientific achievements are not all perfect, but they all have some defects to some extent. Defect enumeration method is to find faults in existing products, find out their shortcomings, and then create them by adopting new technologies, materials or processes and structures. This technique is easy to learn and easy to produce results. Such as the innovation of pillows. When teaching Pascal's law, the students have mastered that "the pressure acting on a closed liquid is constant and can be transmitted in all directions". Let me ask you a question. What needs to be improved in the pillows we usually sleep with? The students talked a lot and listed a lot of shortcomings. To sum up, there are two points: we can't change the height at will, the shape doesn't match our head and neck, and it is uncomfortable to sleep on it. Inspired by the sphygmomanometer, several students invented the airbag-type health pillow with adjustable height. The pillow core is composed of rubber airbags, which will increase when inflated for a long time and decrease when deflated. The sponge on the pillow is made according to the shape of the head and neck. This invention won the prize in last year's innovation competition.
The method of enumerating shortcomings is simple and feasible, which is most suitable for junior high school students with little knowledge but less ideological constraints. Every time a shortcoming is found, it is a road to innovation. As long as we overcome the mindset and "find fault" with existing objects, we will be inspired to create. In recent years, our students have successfully completed more than 30 small inventions by using this technology, which can be described as fruitful.
(B) the reverse thinking method
People are used to thinking in the forward direction, bound by convention, unable to jump out of the old box and only consider one aspect of a problem, so they can't find a solution. In fact, many things can be solved if we don't think positively. We might as well think reversely from another angle, and it is possible to find a solution and create a new thing. For example, water leakage from faucets is a common problem, and the reason for water leakage is the wear of rubber pads. In the past, people used to consider improving the wear resistance of rubber, but because the screw rotates to stop water, the wear problem can never be solved well. Li Ning, a student in our school, changed the life of the screw by reverse thinking, and moved up and down to stop the water, with good results.
Another example is the ellipse gauge invented by Liu Jianming, which also uses the method of reverse thinking. Compasses that can draw any ellipse can be said to be a difficult problem in mathematics. In the past, people used to think from a rigid track, but they could only draw a series of ellipses with different sizes and the same shape in proportion, and could not make a fundamental breakthrough. He changed his mind and made a flexible track with nylon wire to ensure that the two focal lengths are consistent. The nylon wire can be adjusted at will to draw any ellipse, which solved this problem and won the prize in the urban creation competition. In a word, the reverse thinking method is a very effective invention technology. It can solve many problems that ordinary people think are difficult to solve and invent good works.
(3) integration method
Combination method refers to changing the composition or structure of products to obtain new products. One is to combine two or more things together and fully tap their potential, which will be a new product. The other is to add a product as the main combination, which can increase the use function and decoration of the article. For example, after the gas stove stops burning, if it continues to deflate, it may cause accidents such as fire and personnel poisoning. After learning the knowledge of bimetal, electromagnetic relay and electromagnet, several students of mine have successfully invented an automatic closing device after the gas stove stops burning. As soon as it is closed, the bimetal will automatically turn on the power supply, and the electromagnet will automatically close the gas valve and give an alarm, which is safe and reliable. Another example is that Liu Xiaoxiao has installed self-control lights for school corridors by using sound-sensitive resistors and light-sensitive resistors, thus saving electricity. Li Shuai combined the timer with the magnetic switch, and invented the timer switch for game machines and televisions. As long as the parents set the time, they will automatically cut off the power and turn off the TV game machine. Because the password is controlled by the parents, the child can't start it again. This invention is very popular with parents. In recent years, students in our school have invented nearly twenty works by combining methods. Due to the education of creative technology, students' brains have been enlightened, and creative ideas are endless, and so are their achievements. It is indeed the golden key to human wisdom.
Third, set up creative interest groups to strengthen the cultivation of creative students.
Because creativity is an alloy of congenital factors and acquired factors, people's creative potential is also different for various reasons. As a teacher, on the one hand, we should develop every student's creativity, but more importantly, we should identify and discover students with great creative potential as soon as possible, give them key training and development, fully develop their creative talents and create innovative elites. In order to strengthen the cultivation and training of such students, the school set up a creative invention group to get together and use activity classes to strengthen their cultivation and training. For example, explain to them the history of scientific inventions, the stories invented by scientists, the process of major scientific and technological inventions, and the invented technologies. Strengthen theoretical training, further stimulate creative enthusiasm, and master basic inventive methods and theories; Provide them with equipment and tools, let them turn their ideas into practical operations, do it with their own hands, improve and perfect while doing it, and finally complete an invention. The students in the invention group brought the basic theories and methods they had learned to the class, which led a large number of students to participate in the invention activities, like snowballing, and promoted the innovation activities of the whole school.
In a word, students' imagination is their most precious wealth, and it is also an inner potential that we should cultivate most. In the future, I will actively explore and strive to stimulate students' infinite imagination, so that children can become a new generation of creative and high-quality talents!