From an anthropological point of view, the facts are very interesting. I often compare eastern and western cultures with each other, taking the sun around the earth as an example, only to find that the changes of human history and culture in the east and west will be promoted by kings within 500 years, which is almost the same. For example, in our history, after the Spring and Autumn Period, famous kings appeared one after another, and wise philosophers came into being. China has a Qi Huangong and a Guanzhong. In the west, a famous teacher is also a famous king, which happens to be really interesting. There is an Alexander and an Aristotle in Europe. There is also an Ashoka in India, accompanied by an excellent woman and many respected people. Of course, there is not even a shadow of Japan or the United States at this stage!
However, according to the historical custom of China, after three generations, the so-called great stars in history can only be regarded as heroes, not saints. The so-called famous heroes of these heroes are all like the poems of the older generation when they were young: "There are heroes in Jiangshan generation, which have disturbed the whole life for decades", that's all. They are not only specious, but also run counter to the theory of "Ming De" and "Wang" in universities, that is, "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world".
The second part of Random Talk about the Former University describes Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu in history, with an open mind. In fact, Liu Bang is not as smart as Qi Huangong. Because Bao's words aroused his interest, he pardoned Guan Zhong, even handed over the whole regime to him, appointed him as prime minister, and addressed him respectfully, which is equivalent to modern people calling him michel platini or uncle, because Guan Zhong is much older than him.
The most important point depends on the dialogue between Qi Huangong and Guan Zhong.
Guan Zhong said, "The man who holds the axe is lucky to save his life, so he belongs to the waist collar and is also a minister. Those who know national politics are not ministers. " I am a sinner who should be beheaded by you, but fortunately, you can forgive me and keep my head and waist together as long as you give me a bite to eat. I'm afraid I can't do it if I insist on the national policy!
Qi Huangong simply said, "I am qualified to be a doctor. The doctor is not subject to politics, I am afraid of collapse. " As long as your husband is willing to accept my appointment and take on the important task of national politics, then I will certainly do a good job in the leadership of the country. If you refuse to take on the heavy responsibility, I'm afraid I'll be ruined!
You see how frank and sincere he is, and Guan Zhong quickly agreed. This is called consensual, polite to each other, and of course we hit it off. For example, Zhou Yu, who is now singing Beijing opera, plays Huang Gai, and one is willing to play and the other is willing to suffer. We have a tacit understanding. Historically and politically, it is sometimes very annoying and terrible. But sometimes it's really like a child's play. It's a big event in the world, and only a few words decide the overall fate. Just like a gambler, he can win the whole game with a wave of his hand, but he may also lose. Therefore, the ancients said: "Although it is a matter of personnel, isn't it a destiny?
After reading the third part of Random Talk about the Former University, from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the late Qing Dynasty, every dynasty and every generation of imperial families were families with big problems. It can even be said that most of them are chaotic palaces, which is not enough to meet the standard of "ruling the country after the family is in order". So Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals, the first account, Duan Yanyu by Zheng Boke, which recorded the fault caused by Zheng Zhuanggong's mother Wu Jiang's preference psychology. From then on, Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong and other so-called "five tyrants" in the Spring and Autumn Period 100-200 continued until the Warring States Period. Most princes and monarchs in various countries were born in families with great problems, which caused psychological abnormalities. Of course, it is not enough to say "cultivate one's morality, keep one's family in order and govern the country".
At the end of the Warring States Period, Qin Shihuang's dynasty was established, which drew an important boundary for China's historical civilization in a short period of twenty or thirty years. From then on, China really entered an imperial dynasty established by one surname, which lasted for about two thousand years. However, from the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in Qin Ershi, all the way down, except for a few pioneering emperors, they can be said to be weighty heroes, and other emperors' descendants, I call them "professional emperors". Because they were destined to be born in a ready-made imperial family, in a deep palace and in the hands of court eunuchs, they did not personally understand the sufferings of the people. Most of these professional emperors can be said to be ignorant robots, but they can't be emperors. If we ask them to pay attention to the principles of "sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation and family harmony", wouldn't it be a waste of effort to cast pearls before swine? Maybe I was wrong again. It is said that cows can understand the sound of the piano, but I can't understand it. Besides, some of these natural professional emperors are really great people, which cannot be erased at once.
After reading the original college composition, the fourth part finally roughly finished reading Mr. Nan's original college composition. There are two deep feelings: first, it experienced a baptism in the history of China's traditional cultural thought; Second, Heather's confidence in China's traditional culture can be summarized as "because I know it, so I really love it."
The reason why it is said to be the history of traditional cultural thoughts is that heather explained the development of China's cultural thoughts in thousands of years from Yao Shunyu to the late Qing Dynasty in the process of explaining the original meaning of The Great Learning. Of course, some places talk about history, the cause and effect of many things in the world, and more often talk about the "evolution" of China's cultural thought.
I say "because I know, so I really love it" because reading this book and other books of heather has a kind of admiration that stirs my heart. Heather's love for China's traditional culture goes deep into his bone marrow and comes from his heart. All this is because he was educated from an early age, learned endlessly all his life, and speculated endlessly. Through the comparison of different cultures, he gave birth to his deep love for China's traditional culture. But he is not arrogant blind narcissism, but love born of knowing.
Regarding the current doubts, reflections and debates about traditional culture, and the Confucian classics that represent and inherit China's traditional culture-of course, this attitude is applicable to all traditional cultural classics-Shi Nan said: "But so far, people in China are still arguing about whether to read classics. In fact, reading the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" is to understand the fundamental cultural source of one's country and nation, and can't be confused with the rise and fall of the country and the prosperity of the country. Everything depends on people, not books! Traditional cultural poetry books do not harm people, and I am afraid that people who think they are smart will harm the essence of poetry books. "
In this regard, the author has a little experience that culture is like soil. Although good soil can nourish plants to thrive, it does not guarantee that all plants will blossom and bear fruit. Of course, only cacti can grow in the desert, and fertile land can nourish not only cacti with thorns, but also roses and flowers with thorns, as well as all kinds of fruits and dried fruits. Of course, all this is related to the soil, but it is not only determined by the soil. It is also a fact that traditional culture has been misrepresented, distorted and even misinterpreted in the process of its inheritance and evolution. In addition, many problems we encounter at present are actually considered by many people as subversion of traditional culture, and many negative phenomena that follow are hard to be convincingly attributed to the defects of traditional culture. On the contrary, they can often be regarded as problems arising from abandoning tradition.
Heather is not conservative, and we don't need to be conservative. So it doesn't mean that we think there are many excellent things in traditional culture, excluding all foreign things. On the contrary, China's traditional culture has fully embodied the characteristics of magnanimity and eclecticism during its development and evolution for thousands of years. At present, under the impact of the so-called strong culture, there are some signs of flight, but there is no need to be afraid, because China's traditional culture contains roots that are in line with human nature, and there are no obstacles from national borders and cultural barriers.
At the end of the book, Heather's conclusion is really worth pondering: "I'm going to re-introduce the' University' of Confucianism and Confucius in China. Compared with the actual evolution of past dynasties, I want everyone to understand that our country has been kind, tolerant and patient for thousands of years. I hope that all human beings in the world can truly realize a world of peaceful coexistence, neither encroaching on the interests of other countries, nor oppressing other nations, let alone being self-righteous. We have a cultural foundation that people can't stand, pedestrians can't walk, and bear the burden of humiliation. We are never willing to accept unreasonable infringement and oppression. Although we are in extreme difficulties and obstacles, we will strive for self-improvement and finally achieve the goal of moral education. ..... is an important program to learn to be a man, telling us how to be a man and how to keep our families together; As for governing the country and keeping the country safe, it is nothing more than a saint, and it is nothing more than a play of inner saints (Ming). I hope to restore its true colors through the original story of The University. I also hope that China people can understand the cultural spirit of their own country, explore the way to go in the future, and tell some foreigners with prejudice, prejudice or ulterior motives that they can understand the culture of China and the spirit of our nation. ……"
I said a lot of nonsense and quoted a lot of original texts, fearing that I would inevitably be laughed at.
I spent more than two weeks reading Nan's Notes on the Former University, expounding the connotation of university in detail and combining it with historical facts. After reading it, I have a more comprehensive understanding and understanding of the content of "University". This is really a rare good book, but I have gained a lot from it. But there are still many contents in the book that I can't fully understand, and I have to read them again and again in the future. Moreover, the contents in the book are extensive and profound, and many of them need to be gradually understood and understood in combination with real life. Let's choose some that I feel deeply, and talk about my understanding and experience of the content of "University" after reading a book.
"University" mainly teaches us in a modern way that people who want to start a business must first learn the truth and code of conduct when they enter the university independently and have their own ideals and pursuits. That is, the first of the four schemes: the way of university.
The core of "University" is its four courses, seven certificates and eight orders. The rest is the elaboration and expansion of them.
First of all, let's talk about the other three principles: virtue, being close to the people, and stopping at perfection. These three basic principles are to set goals in life. For us, we should learn knowledge at the university stage, learn the truth of being a man, and then pass on what we have learned to others and make contributions to society; Until you do your best.
Seven-level correction: knowing, stopping, deciding, being quiet, being safe, worrying and gaining. What I learned the most from the book are these seven cards, which are very important guidelines, an exercise of people's cultivation and thinking, and a thinking process before doing anything for themselves.
Zhi Zhi then decided: calm down first and then be quiet; Be quiet before you can be safe; Worry first; Think about it before you take it. For me, I think the most important thing is the first two sentences: "Zhi Zhi will decide later; Be calm after making a decision, especially knowing and stopping. Many times, many things are that I don't know what to do, but I can't stop knowing too much! There are many things you know but can't do, that is, you can't do Zhi Zhi. People have many thoughts and ideas, and you often have many good plans, but you can't always do it. That is to say, you can't stop the torrent of thoughts in your mind or even change them constantly, and you can't always stick to it. "Zhi Zhi" looks simple, but it's actually hard to do. If you can always achieve Zhi Zhi, you will certainly achieve something. "University" really writes the way to be a man so accurately and concisely! Stop, settle, be quiet, and be safe are all levels of inner peace (I don't quite understand this paragraph, this is my understanding), that is, let yourself achieve a state of no distractions, no external interference, and even a state of isolation; Only in this way can people concentrate on their studies, learn things well and gain something. This is in line with usual experience. If you can read and really learn, you must learn quietly and don't know when to learn. Sometimes I really feel that my heart is "clear". In this case, "worry" can be "obtained".
Next, there are "eight eyes": being realistic, knowing, sincere, upright, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. We still stay at the level of "knowing ourselves and knowing the truth", but in fact, we still "know things" more and seldom try to know ourselves. From primary school to now, what I have been doing for so many years is only a small step in the "eight steps" of this life. Understand that in college, not only learning knowledge, but also a lot to learn!
Among these eight commands, what impressed me the most was "Be sincere and do things well". Say sincerity first:
The book says well: "deceive oneself and others, be deceived", which is a wise saying, and so is life. On the other hand, people must be sincere to themselves in order to treat others sincerely and let others be sincere to you! The most important thing is to be sincere to yourself, as in life. Only by being sincere to yourself, that is, not deceiving yourself, can you tell the truth and treat others sincerely. Alas, after reading this paragraph, I often feel that I am used to lying; I don't fully understand many things, but I don't delve into them. When people ask, I tell them directly, giving others the feeling that I fully understand them. Isn't this the same as deceiving yourself first, then deceiving others, then asking others and being told by others? So I was finally bullied! Sincerity: self-purification, no delusion, peace of mind forever, no private prosecution! If we can be "sincere", there will be no more "psychological soldiers" and "private prosecution", there will be no constant hesitation and hesitation, and things will be more firm and persistent.
Although the former home is different from the present home, the importance of the family is still the most important. People's character and conduct are most influenced by their families, and this influence is mutual. Keeping home is a challenge and correction to all aspects of self-cultivation, and it is a perfect process for yourself. On the other hand, keeping the family together will not do them much good. Only when you are at home can you concentrate on your career. Putting the family in order is indeed the premise of governing the country and calming the world. For us, it is the guarantee of learning.
I really gained a lot from this book. I have been focusing on "learning things" and thinking about how to learn knowledge well, but I found that I didn't even master the most basic "seven certificates" and didn't take "Ming De, being close to the people and stopping at the best" as the driving force and direction. Thanks to the teacher for this lesson, which gave me the most fundamental way to be a man and learn.