Beethoven related information In April 1787, a young man went to Vienna to meet the great musician Mozart at that time. This man was unattractive, short and shrewd. He showed off his piano skills in front of Mozart, and even Mozart, who was known as a child prodigy, was amazed. He immediately said to his friends present: "This young man will definitely make waves in the music world." Mozart's prediction came true less than ten years later, and this person was none other than the famous Beethoven.
Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770 in Bonn on the Rhine River near Cologne, Germany. His father, John, was mediocre and addicted to alcohol. Beethoven had no happiness at all during his childhood.
~The pain of being whipped in childhood~
His father hoped that his son would become the second child prodigy so that he could enjoy glory and wealth, so he forced him to learn piano, but there was some failure. , and was beaten severely. It was under such a miserable and painful fate that Beethoven spent his childhood. Beethoven's talent was extraordinary, coupled with the hard training he acquired, his level was getting higher and higher, and even his teacher was incomparable.
At the age of twelve, Beethoven was employed as a court piano and organ musician, and also took on the responsibility of supporting the family. Beethoven gradually received more attention in the court, but he had great ambitions and in 1787 he went to Vienna to worship Mozart. Unfortunately, his mother was critically ill in Bonn and died shortly after returning home. This was a huge blow to Beethoven, who stayed in Bonn for another five years.
In order to realize his ideal, Beethoven went to Vienna again in 1792. Count Waldstein provided a lot of help this time. In order to repay the favor, Beethoven later wrote Piano Sonata Opus 53 and dedicated it to Waldstein.
When he arrived in Vienna, Beethoven studied under Haydn for a year, and also sought advice from famous teachers such as Schenck, Abretzberg and Salieri, especially the latter, whom he studied for ten years. for a long time.
～Break off the constraints and pursue freedom～
Beethoven held his first concert in Vienna in 1795. At that time, he personally played the "Piano No. 2" he wrote. Concerto" impressed the citizens of Vienna, and he became famous far and wide.
His "Symphony No. 1" was composed later. In the same year, he published three piano trios, Beethoven also established his dual reputation as a performer and composer.
In the next five years, he wrote Piano Sonatas No. 1 to No. 11. and Piano Concertos Nos. 1 to 3. In 1799 Beethoven completed the "Symphony No. 1". With his magical imagination, he successively wrote masterpieces that shocked the music world. These works are filled with the joy and enthusiasm of life, and express an unprecedented free artistic conception, breaking through the strict form that even Mozart was bound to.
Beethoven's reputation was at its peak when everything was going smoothly, but an unfortunate fate befell him - he suffered from deafness.
～The Giant Who Cannot Hear～
This was a cruel blow. In order to avoid people discovering his deafness, Beethoven gradually lived in isolation and became more and more lonely.
At this time, he fell in love with a seventeen-year-old girl, Julietta Gucciadi. The famous Piano Sonata No. 14 "Moonlight" is the work of their love.
In 1802, Beethoven moved to the quiet village of Heilikin, an hour's drive from Vienna, to compose music, where he completed his Symphony No. 2. However, the deterioration of his ear disease caused him great pain, so he wrote a suicide note in Heiligenstadt, describing his tragic experiences and misfortunes. Later, Beethoven regained his confidence based on Kant's philosophy. "The best way to forget your misfortunes is to work hard." At this time, he returned to Vienna, full of musical ideas, and wrote the thundering "Eroica" Symphony No. 3 in 1803. This piece was originally intended to be dedicated to Napoleon, but when Napoleon was crowned emperor, Beethoven was angry and obliterated Napoleon's name and renamed it the "Eroica Symphony".
In the same year, Beethoven wrote the excellent Violin Sonata No. 9 "Kreutzer". In 1804, he completed Piano Sonata No. 21 "Waldstein". The following year, he completed the Piano Sonata No. 23 "Passionate" and the unique opera "Fidelio". In this series of works, he showed his true skills, such as "Waldstein" and "Passion", which mesmerized the world. In 1806, he composed "Piano Concerto No. 4" and "Violin Concerto in D major".
In 1808, Beethoven published Symphony No. 5 "Destiny" and Symphony No. 6 "Pastoral" at the same time. In 1809, he completed the Fifth Piano Concerto "Emperor". These are all immortal masterpieces.
～A volcano hiding passion～
Beethoven’s heart contains endless emotions, which are delicate, extraordinary, harmonious and perfect. Beethoven intentionally put his thoughts into the music. For example, No. 5 "Destiny" begins with the theme of the God of Fate knocking on the door. No. 6 "Pastoral" reveals Beethoven's intention to depict nature in the first movement. The word "countryside".
In 1809, Napoleon captured Vienna, princes and grandsons fled one after another, and Beethoven's economy was in trouble. During the war-torn days, he still stayed in Vienna and worked hard on his compositions. His "Emperor" Concerto was written amidst the rumble of cannons.
Since the first performance of "Destiny" and "Pastoral" did not gain favor from the people of Vienna, Beethoven wanted to leave for Germany. The three of them tried their best to persuade him to stay, so he stayed. Later, Beethoven dedicated the "Archduke Piano Trio" to these benefactors.
～The sound of music flies into the homes of ordinary people～
Since the French Revolution, the atmosphere in Europe has been completely new, and personal freedom and human rights have been confirmed. Beethoven also democratized music, bringing music from the aristocracy to the masses. Beethoven's achievements will last forever.
Napoleon was defeated, and the joyful atmosphere returned to Vienna. In 1812, Beethoven premiered "Symphony No. 7" and "Symphony No. 8" at the Wounded Soldiers Relief Concert, which was a sensation. He also won the respect of the people of Vienna.
Beethoven suffered from the tragedy of deafness physically from 1804 to 1814, but during these eleven years, his creations were rich and of unprecedented historical value. He wrote a dazzling treasure among mankind's musical treasures.
His "Symphony No. 7" has no title. Wagner considered this piece to be a symbol of dance, especially the passionate final movement. "Symphony No. 8" is the clearest and most refreshing piece among his nine symphonies, viewing life with an optimistic and detached attitude.
Beethoven’s third life began in 1815. At that time, he was in his prime and had a more thorough understanding of life. The music he wrote after that, except for the famous Symphony No. 9 "Chorus" and "Missa Solemnis", were all piano sonatas and string quartets. This is all intrinsic and profound spiritual conception.
～Le Sheng is not good at human affairs～
Due to the death of his younger brother Karl in 1814, Beethoven once again took on the responsibility of caring for and raising his nephew. But the adoption process and the problems his nephew brought him afterwards made him suffer a lot. In short, he could not transfer his love to his nephew. Beethoven completely collapsed on how to deal with people.
Le Saint-Beethoven became more depressed, his physical condition became more serious, and his finances were very tight. At that time, he was working hard to compose two major works-"Missa Solemnis" and "Ninth Symphony". In particular, the prelude was intended to be played at the enthronement ceremony of Rudolf's appointment as archbishop. Because of the great responsibility, it took him about five years to complete it in 1823. The premiere of his "Symphony No. 9" on May 7 of the following year pushed his reputation to a new peak.
The "Ode to Joy" chorus of "Symphony No. 9" is taken from Schiller's poem "Ode to Joy". He had this idea in his early years, and it took him thirty-two years to finally realize his wish. The success of "Symphony No. 9" brought him the greatest honor and joy in his life.
Beethoven personally conducted the rehearsal of "Symphony No. 9", but due to his deafness, he was unable to perform and the order was chaotic. Therefore, Umlauf conducted the official performance. Beethoven was still on the stage with his back to the audience giving instructions. When the whole piece was played, the audience was deeply moved, cheering loudly and applauding like thunder, but Beethoven was unaware of it. It was only after the performer reminded him that he saw the touching scene and responded with tears.
This was Beethoven's last public appearance. He unknowingly suffered from liver disease and spent the days as his condition became increasingly serious. His soul, which was about to leave the world, became peaceful instead. At this time, Beethoven seemed to be in the thin, pure sky, looking down at the world he was about to leave behind. Wrote five final string quartets. These chamber music are his last works and Beethoven's legacy to the world.
Proof to all eternity that the spirit can overcome pain and even death.
~The last spring thunder sounded~
Beethoven’s remaining life was short. In 1826 alone, he underwent four operations, but his condition did not improve. On the afternoon of March 26, 1827, there was a sudden heavy snowstorm in Vienna, accompanied by deafening spring thunder. At this time, Beethoven clenched his right fist and breathed his last breath.
According to ancient records, Beethoven’s funeral was held on March 29. More than 20,000 Viennese citizens attended and escorted to the Jasser Church where the memorial mass was held... .
Beethoven’s Life
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is the world’s most famous German musician since the late eighteenth century. Beethoven was born in Bonn on the Rhine River in Germany on December 26, 1770. His grandfather was originally from the Netherlands. After immigrating to Germany, he served as the local court music director. His father was a tenor singer, and his mother was the daughter of a palace cook. Beethoven grew up during the period when Joseph II implemented "enlightened autocracy", and the rulers of Bonn also implemented some reform measures. Bonn became one of the centers of the German Enlightenment at that time. Beethoven grew up in such an environment during his childhood. However, Beethoven had a very unhappy childhood. His father, who was addicted to alcohol, ruined the family business. He tried to turn the four-year-old Beethoven into a cash cow. He wanted his son to become a Mozart-style child prodigy, so he not only forced his child to He practiced piano, and often came home drunk in the middle of the night, dragging his children out of their sleep to play the piano. Beethoven, who was under eight years old, was forced to perform and perform in front of Cohen's audience. Beethoven, who was eleven years old, began to perform in the theater working in a band. This harsh childhood life enabled Beethoven to embark on the independent path of making a living through music very early, and at the same time developed his perseverance and stubborn character.
From 1781, while working in the theater, Beethoven studied Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavier" and composition method with band conductor Neve. Neve was a very cultivated composer who was inclined to the Enlightenment. Conductor, he has contributed to the development of German national opera and oratorio. By learning from this teacher, Beethoven realized the importance of learning the German national music tradition. Under Neve's guidance, he also accepted the influence of the Enlightenment and developed a strong interest in the progressive literature of Germany at that time.
After 1787, Beethoven took on the financial burden of his family's life. But Beethoven did not succumb to the hardships and hardships. He managed to attend philosophy classes at the University of Bonn. He was obsessed with reciting and studying ancient mythology, Greek and Latin classical literature. He was fascinated by Shakespeare, Schiller, Goethe, etc. People's works are very popular. Although he did not have Mozart's precocious talent, nor did he have Mozart's superior learning conditions, his tireless self-study achievements were beyond the reach of all his predecessors.
The French bourgeois revolution of 1789 and the progressive anti-feudal movement in the Rhine Valley played a huge role in Beethoven's ideological growth. He gradually regarded the pursuit of "liberty, equality and fraternity" as his own political ideals. The cantata "The Death of Joseph II" he composed in 1790 praised Joseph II as the savior of the people. This not only showed his pursuit of democracy and ideals, but also reflected Beethoven's early support for reformism. unrealistic fantasies. This work is also Beethoven's earliest attempt to integrate vocal music and symphony.
In 1792, with the encouragement and support of Haydn, Beethoven came to settle in Vienna. He first entered the aristocratic courts of Vienna as a talented young pianist, and was warmly received and protected by the aristocrats. He also once had illusions about the upper class society. However, Beethoven's era was different from that of Haydn and Mozart. The era gave Beethoven more mature bourgeois consciousness and personal self-confidence and self-esteem. Therefore, he was not willing to be a slave of the noble family from the beginning, but wanted to have an equal status with the nobles. Later, Beethoven gradually discovered that there was a great contradiction between his bourgeois ideals and the feudal society at that time. In addition, he began to face the threat of deafness in 1796, which caused Beethoven to quickly develop a dissatisfaction with reality and a rebellion against his personal destiny. thoughts and feelings.
After 1797, Beethoven suffered from deafness, and his condition worsened year by year.
For a musician, there is no heavier blow than this! The devil restricted the composer's contacts with the outside world and hindered his piano performance. He had to give up performing and lived in seclusion in the countryside of Vienna for a long time.
Since 1800, Beethoven naturally gradually broke away from the influence of Haydn and Mozart in his creation, striving to create his own artistic style and pursue new ideals. The "Third Symphony" ("Eroica Symphony") he completed in 1803 marked a new stage of development in his creation - a period of maturity. His creative power during this period was extremely strong, showing giant-like working ability and producing many outstanding works. The basic ideological logic of Beethoven's mature works - "Victory through struggle" - was gradually established during this period. A new style of heroic and mass symphony was formed, with revolutionary content, dramatic symphony development techniques, Various major innovations in form, etc., have achieved further development during this period. Beethoven's most outstanding works were almost all created while he was deaf for the next thirty years of his life.
1815-1819 was a four-year period of crisis that Beethoven experienced. At that time, Europe fell into a period of reactionary feudal restoration, the revolutionary power of the bourgeoisie was strangled, and darkness enveloped the European continent. Beethoven's thoughts during this period were relatively complex, and his confidence and determination were disturbed by disappointment and wavering; his creative heroic style changed to a lyrical style; he produced very few works, and spent most of his time collecting, exploring and adapting folk songs from various European countries. superior. This fully shows that the pacifists in the period of rising bourgeoisie have their historical limitations. However, Beethoven finally struggled out of silence and passed his crisis period. From 1819 onwards, Beethoven once again focused his attention on the anti-feudal struggle. The five piano sonatas, five string quartets, and even the greatest of his creations, the Ninth Symphony (Choral Symphony), all have profound significance. But Beethoven's final years were the most tragic and painful years of his life. The threat of loneliness and poverty made him depressed and lonely. He died of illness in Vienna on March 26, 1827. It is said that at his last moment, amid heavy rain and lightning, Beethoven raised his withered arms to the sky in a final struggle. This spirit of endless fighting in life is all concentrated in his immortal masterpieces.
Beethoven is one of the greatest creators of human art. On the one hand, he has excellent musical talent, a fiery rebellious temperament and a strong character like a giant; on the other hand, his indomitable will and lofty thoughts arising from his sense of social responsibility form his special qualities as a musician. Through his own creation, especially in his nine symphonies, he reflected the great people's movement and the most progressive ideas of that era. Taking the fate of the times and individuals as themes, he wrote a series of symphonic works through a combination of profound philosophy and touching artistic images, which showed the rise of the bourgeoisie from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, and from suffering to happiness. The spiritual journey of the period, his nine symphonies will always shine like pearls.
Through the study and analysis of Beethoven's nine symphonies, especially the analysis of four of them (i.e. the third, fifth, sixth and ninth) title symphonies, we can not only understand Beethoven's The basic appearance of all creations and his great and innocent thoughts, and you can also understand the major innovations in symphony creation, and see how symphony transitioned from the era of Haydn and Mozart to the new era represented by Schubert and Mendelssohn. development period. As early as Beethoven's lifetime, he was recognized as a musician of world significance. He was not only a great classical composer, but also went down in history as a pioneer of the Romantics.
Life Works
Symphony No. 1 in C major Symphony No. 2 in D major Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major (Eroica) B-flat major Symphony No. 4 in C minor Symphony No. 5 in C minor (Fate) Symphony No. 6 in F major (Pastoral) Symphony No. 7 in A major Symphony No. 8 in F major War Symphony (Wellington's Victory) Symphony No. 9 in D minor (Chorus)
Orchestral Violin Romance in G minor Violin Romance in F major
String Quartet No. 12 in E flat, A minor No. 15 in B flat (Grand Fugue) No. 13 in B flat, C sharp minor No. 14 in F major No. 16 The Great Escape
Sacred music in D major (Missa Solemnis)
Piano Works for Elise
Opera Fidelio
Choral Chorus Fantasia
Violin and Piano Sonata in F major (Spring) Sonata in C minor Sonata in G major (Krotzer)
Concerto Piano Concerto No. 1 in C major Piano Concerto No. 2 in B flat major Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor Sextet Concerto in C major Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major Violin Concerto No. 1 in D major Piano Concerto No. 5 in E flat major (Emperor)
Overture Leonora Overture Corio Orchid Overture Egmont Overture Overture to the Ruins of Athens Overture Stephenson Overture Name Day Celebration Overture
Sonata Variations Piano Sonata in C minor (Pathetique) Piano Sonata in C sharp minor (Moonlight) Piano Sonata in D major (Pastoral) E flat major Variations in Eroica Piano Sonata in D minor Piano Sonata in C major (Waldstein) Piano Sonata in E flat major (Farewell) Piano Sonata in E minor Piano Sonata in B flat major (Hammarclavia) Diabelli Variations
"Moonlight"
Created in 1801. Although there have been many examples in the past when a piece of music became very popular due to its common name, never before has it become a famous piece of music that has become famous all over the world due to the common name of "Moonlight" like this sonata. The name "Moonlight" is said to come from the poet Reelstab (1799-1860) who commented that the first movement reminds people of "like a canoe rocking on the moonlit surface of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland". Judging from the birth year of Reilstab, it is speculated that the common name of "moonlight" became generalized after a considerable period of time after its publication. However, this piece of music seems to have gained quite a reputation from the beginning, which made Beethoven a little upset. The reason cannot be denied, not only because this piece of music contains very strong elements that can easily attract literary reverie, Therefore, it has become the reason for its fame, and besides "moonlight", there are also various original explanations and far-fetched legends. In fact, Beethoven's own name for this sonata is the same as Opus 27 No. 1: "Fantasia style sonata". In the first movement, it is also a fantasy and improvisational soft ballad that abandons the sonata form. In the second movement, the atmosphere changes, and then it reaches the third movement, which is the focus of this sonata. The third movement is a torrent of passion. Not only is its intensity extremely rare among all sonatas of this period, but it is also a sonata form with a very remarkable structure. If we look at the contemplative nature of the first movement and the passionate nature of the third movement, they are inextricably linked to a series of tragedies such as Beethoven's love affair, ear disease, and the Heiligan City suicide note in 1802. , seems to make sense, but unfortunately there is no specific data to confirm these connections. Playing time: approximately fifteen minutes.
Eroica Symphony
Beethoven yearned for the ideals of freedom, equality, and fraternity, and was an enthusiastic supporter of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789. In 1798, General Bernadotte (1763-1844) served as the French ambassador to Vienna. Beethoven often visited his home and had close contacts with the people around him. In 1902, under the instruction of Bernadotte, Beethoven began to write the "Third Symphony" dedicated to Napoleon. In his mind, Napoleon was a hero who destroyed the autocratic system and realized his ideals and revolution. In 1904, Beethoven completed the "Third Symphony" and prepared to dedicate it to Napoleon. At this time, news of Napoleon's proclaimed emperor reached Vienna. When Beethoven learned the news from his student Liss (1784-1838), he angrily shouted: "He is just an ordinary person. Now he will also trample on human rights to fulfill his personal ambitions."
He will ride on everyone's head and become a tyrant. "As he spoke, he walked to the table, tore the dedication he wrote to Napoleon in two, threw it on the floor, and did not allow others to pick it up.
After many days, Beethoven's anger gradually calmed down. , and allowed the work to be made public. In December 1804, the symphony was first performed at the court of Prince Robkowitz in Vienna. The first public performance was at the Vienna Theater in April 1805. Beethoven conducted it himself, and the program notes read: "A new grand symphony in D-sharp major, composed by Mr. Ludwig van Beethoven, dedicated to His Royal Highness Prince Robkowitz. "The strange thing is that Beethoven did not say it was in E-flat major, but said it was in D-sharp major. When the score was published in October 1806, the title page printed: The Eroica Symphony was composed in memory of a great man. From then on, The "Third Symphony" is called the "Eroic Symphony"
Symphony of Destiny
The opening four of Beethoven's "Symphony in C minor" (Op. 67). The notes are strong and heavy, like the sound of destiny knocking on the door. This work is called "Symphony of Destiny"
Beethoven composed it from 1805 to 1808. In a letter written to his friend Wegler (1765-1848), Yue already said: "I want to block the throat of fate, and it will never completely overwhelm me. "The sound of destiny knocking on the door" has already appeared in the third movement of "Piano Sonata in C minor" (Op. 10, No. 1) composed in 1798, and later appeared in the "String Quartet in D major" (Op. 18, No. 1). 3) The third movement, the first movement of "Passionate Sonata" (Op. 57), the third "Leonora" Overture (Op. 72), "String Quartet in E flat major" (Op. 74) and other works can be seen. , Defeating fate through struggle is Beethoven's consistent creative thought.
The passion for struggle expressed in "Symphony of Destiny" is highly contagious. Once when I listened to the "Symphony of Destiny", I was so frightened that I had to leave the table. When one of Napoleon's old guards heard the theme at the beginning of the fourth movement, he couldn't help but jump up and shout: "This is the Emperor! "
Berlioz regarded the thrilling struggle image in "Symphony of Destiny" as "the terrible tragedy when Othello listened to Iago's slander and mistakenly believed that Desdemona was having an affair with someone. fury. ”
Schumann believed: “Although you often hear this symphony, it always has an unchanging power on you; just like the phenomena in nature always make people feel frightened even though they happen from time to time. . ”
In May and June of 1830, Mendelssohn stayed in Weimar for two weeks, met with Goethe for the last time, and played famous ancient and modern works for him on the piano. Goethe listened to " He was very excited after the first movement of "Symphony of Destiny". He said: "This is magnificent and thrilling, and it will almost shake the house down." I don’t know what will happen if many people play together. "
In March 1841, Engels listened to the performance of "Symphony of Destiny". He praised this work in a letter to his sister and said: "If you don't know this wonderful thing, then you Even if you haven't heard anything in your life. "In the first movement, he heard "the sadness of complete despair, the pain of melancholy"; in the second movement, he heard "the tender melancholy of love"; and in the third and fourth movements The "strong, youthful, free joy expressed in the trumpet" is so inspiring. Engels gave a very pertinent summary of "Symphony of Destiny" in just a few sentences.
Seventh Symphony
Wagner called Beethoven's "Seventh Symphony" (Op. 92) "the ultimate form of dance", "the highest form of dance", "body movement according to ideal forms" The most wonderful expression. "It is said that once he wanted to use dance to perform the Seventh Symphony with Liszt's piano accompaniment. Wagner's ideal was later realized by the Russian dance drama director Massin. In 1938, he arranged the symphony into The ballet expresses an allegorical storyline - the creation and destruction of the world:
The first movement: Creation - under the guidance of the creative spirit, the chaotic world turns into an orderly world of plants and animals Abode. Men and women appear, and dangerous snakes.
Movement 2: Hatred and rape appear on the earth. A group of men and women mourn the murdered boy.
Third Movement: Sky - The gods and goddesses in the sky are indifferent to the turmoil on the earth and still enjoy themselves.
Fourth Movement: Drinking and Destruction - People indulge in drinking and sex. God saw that they badly imitated the joys of the upper world, and in anger destroyed the world with fire. In May 1938, this dance drama was performed for the first time in Monte Carlo, Monaco by Basil's Russian Ballet Company.
Chronology of Beethoven's major events
December 17, 1770, Ludwig - court singer Johann van Beethoven and his wife Maria Magdalena The second child was baptized in the church of St. Remigius in Bonn.
On March 26, 1778, the "six-year-old child star" performed on stage for the first time.
In October 1779, Christian Gottlobnever came to Bonn to serve as Beethoven's teacher.
In 1782, he met the von Breuning family through Franz Gerhard Wegler. Nine variations based on a march by Dressler were published in Mannheim.
On February 15, 1784, Maximilian Friedrich, the Archbishop and Elector of Cologne, died; Maximilian Franz, the youngest son of Empress Maria Theresa, came to the throne. On 27 June 6, he became an official member of the Porth Court Band.
From March to April 1787, he traveled to Vienna for the first time and met Mozart. On July 17, his mother died of tuberculosis.
In 1788, Beethoven's later friend and patron Count Walstein came to benefactor. On December 14, Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach died in Hamburg.
On July 14, 1789, the French Revolution broke out.
On February 20, 1790, Austrian Emperor Joseph II passed away. See Dove suffering from lower abdominal pain. On December 25, Joseph Haydn passed through Bonn during his travels.
On March 6, 1791, a cavalier ballet was performed to the score. ?On December 5, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died in Vienna. On November 2, 1792, the second trip to Vienna began. From that year to the end of 1793, he studied under Haydn. On December 18, his father died in Bonn.
At the end of 1793 or the beginning of 1794, three trios were performed for the first time at a family party hosted by Prince Lichnossky.
In 1794, he lived in the home of Prince Lichnovsky.
On March 29, 1795, it was performed for the first time in Sauena.
From February to June 1796, he traveled to Prague, Dresden, Leipzig and the Prussian Palace in Berlin. Bonaparte led an army to attack Italy.
On January 31, 1797, Franz Schubert was born in Lichtenthal near Vienna. On April 6, he made his debut at a concert held by violinist and friend Schupanzech. Performance of Quintet (Opus 16). In May, he began to get acquainted with Therese and Josephine von Brunshevik.
The first symptoms of ear disease appeared in 1798.
On April 2, 1800, he held his first solo concert at the Humphrey Palace Theater and performed the "First Symphony" and "Orchestral Septet" for the first time.
1801 Love Giulietta Guichardi. On November 1, 2001 and November 6, 1801, he wrote to his friends Amanda and Wegler to disclose the fact that he was increasingly hard of hearing.
On October 6 and 10, 1802, the will was written in Heiligenstadt.
On April 5, 1803, a concert was held at the Vienna Opera House, where the "Second Symphony" and "Third Piano Concerto" were performed for the first time. During the summer, he composed the "Eroica Symphony" in Baden and D?pping. Began teaching piano playing techniques and music theory to Archduke Rudolf of Austria.
From the autumn of 1804 to the end of 1807, he fell in love with Josephine von Deim; her maiden name was Brunshevik. On May 20, Bonaparte proclaimed himself emperor and Napoleon I. On August 11, Franz I became Emperor of Austria.
On April 7, 1805, the "Third Symphony (Eroica)" was premiered. On November 13, French troops occupied Vienna. On November 20, "Fidelio" was performed for the first time.
On March 29, 1806, the second version of "Fidelio" was performed for the first time. In October, he broke off diplomatic relations with Prince Lishinovsky and met Count Rasumovsky. On December 23, "Violin Concerto" (Op. 61) was performed for the first time.
In March 1807, a special concert was held at the Prince Gerbkovits Palace, where the "Fourth Symphony", "Coriolan Overture" and "Fourth Piano Concerto" were performed for the first time.
In October 1808, the royal family of Gér?me Bonaparte invited Beethoven to Kassel. On December 22, a concert was held at the Vienna Opera House, where the "Fifth Symphony", "Sixth Symphony" and "Choral Fantasy" were performed for the first time.
On February 26, 1809, Rudolf The Grand Duke, Prince Lobkowitz and Prince Kinski promised to pay Beethoven an annuity. On April 9, Austria declared war on France. On May 10, the French army occupied Vienna again. On May 31, Joseph Haibin died. Movements against Napoleon broke out in the Austrian Tyrol and in Germany.
In the spring of 1810, he fell in love with Therese von Malfati.
On March 15, 1811, "Financial Patent Pen Drum Gao Bustard Zhanglao?" On August 1, he arrived at Teplitz and met Amaryll Siebold. November 28 , held the first performance of "Piano Concerto No. 5" in Leipzig.
On June 24, 1812, Napoleon launched his troops to attack Russia. On July 6 and 7, he wrote "Eternal Lover". From July 19th to 23rd, he met with Goethe several times. On October 19th, the French army began to retreat.
Stayed in Baden on June 21st. Wellington defeated the French army in Victoria. The national liberation war against French rule began. On December 8, a concert was held at the University Auditorium in Vienna, where the "Seventh Symphony" and "War Symphony" were performed for the first time. p>
On February 27, 1814, the Eighth Symphony was performed for the first time. On April 6, Napoleon abdicated in Fontainebleau. On April 15, he met Anton Schindler. On May 23, Prince Karl Lichnovsky died. On September 18, the Vienna Conference opened on November 29 for the participants of the Vienna Conference. Grand concert.
On January 25, 1815, he performed for the last time as a pianist. On March 1, Napoleon left the exile area and returned to the mainland for the summer. and