***Day 256 of studying "The Book of Songs", November 4, 2021

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Daya (1)·Inhibition

People also have a saying: A wise man is not a fool (4).

The stupidity of common people is also due to their job to maintain illness (5).

The foolishness of philosophers is also cruelty (6).

There are no competing Wei people (7), and they will teach you from all directions (8).

If you have enlightened virtue (9), the four countries will follow it.

Hongmo decides the fate (10), and it is as far away as the morning notice (11).

It is the principle of respecting the authority and safeguarding the people.

It lies in the present, causing confusion and chaos in politics.

Subvert Jue's virtue and become better than wine (12).

Although the girl is Zhan Le Cong (13), she never misses Jue Shao (14).

Wang Fu seeks the former king (15), and overcomes the punishment (16).

The Four Emperors and Heavens are still alive (17), just like the spring flowing,

There is no way to perish (18).

Working hard and sleeping all night, sweeping the court,

Chapter of safeguarding the people (19).

Repair chariots and horses, use bows and arrows to arm soldiers (20),

Use Jie Rong (21), and use arrogant tactics (22).

Promise the people (23), be kind to the Houdu (24),

Use the precepts to avoid danger (25).

When you speak carefully, you are respectful and majestic.

Everything is gentle and graceful.

The stain of Bai Gui can still be polished off.

Such words are disgraceful and cannot be done!

There is no easy way to say it (26), there is no way to say it,

Don’t touch my tongue (27), the words cannot be passed away (28).

Nothing is wrong (29), no virtue is not repaid.

Benefit to friends, common people boy.

Descendants (30), all the people will not inherit (31).

Considering you as a gentleman (32), compiling your gentle face (33),

Do not make mistakes (34).

Being in your room (35) is worthy of the leakage of the house (36).

If nothing is revealed, don’t look at it (37).

God’s thoughts (38), cannot be thought of (39),

It can be thought of (40)!

Pier is a virtue (41), and Zang and Jia are the best.

Shushen'er stops (42) and does not make mistakes.

Don’t blaspheme or thief (43), rarely do nothing (44).

Give me a peach and repay me with a plum.

He Tongerjiao (45), Shihong boy (46).

Stained soft wood (47), silk of speech (48).

A gentle and courteous person is the foundation of virtue.

Qiwei Zheren told the story (49),

Shunde's journey.

He calls me a fool and accuses me of blasphemy.

Everyone has his own heart.

Yu Hu Xiaozi (50), unknown whether Zang (51).

The bandits carry it with them (52), and the things they say (53).

The gangster ordered him (54) and spoke to his ears.

It is also called "unknown" (55), which means holding a child.

The people are overflowing (56), who knew it long ago but failed to achieve it (57)?

Haotian Kong Zhao, I am born with joy.

Seeing your dream (58), my heart is miserable.

Teach you earnestly, listen to me and listen to me (59).

Appropriation is for teaching, overuse is for abuse (60).

To borrow the word "unknown" is to say that it is still old (61).

Yuhu, boy, it’s time to say goodbye.

Listen to my plan and you will have no regrets (62).

The sky is difficult, and it is said that the country is lost (63).

An example is not far away, and Haotian is not too far away (64).

Return to its virtues (65) and provide the people with great thorns (66).

Notes

(1) Daya: The "Ya" part in "The Book of Songs" is divided into Daya and Xiaoya, collectively called "Two Ya". Ya, elegant music, is the correct tune, referring to the poetry and music in the Haojing area, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty at that time. There are thirty-one chapters in the Daya part.

(2) Restraint: Be careful about your appearance and be modest about your appearance. Ma Ruichen explained: "This biography must be cautious and cautious." "Mao Zhuan": "Repress and cautious, it is also cautious." Su Shi's "Give Feng Jing a request to be an official according to his position, only go to Liushen and refuse to accept the imperial edict": "Although I am restrained and alarmed. I know that you have a defensive style, and your servants are eager to worship you. This is not what I want to do for you. "One pass of "Yi Yi" means beautiful appearance; dignified appearance. Ma Ruichen explains: "Yi, commonly known as 'Yi'." Majesty: The appearance is majestic and solemn, and the military appearance is neat.

(3) Yu (yú): horn, which refers to upright character.

(4) Extravagant: None. Zhe: refers to a person with outstanding intelligence.

(5) Position: Lord.

(6) 戾 (lì): perverse.

(7) None: pronouncing words. Competition: strong. Weiren: Because of (virtuous) people.

(8) Training: Obedience.

(9) Jue: Integrity.

(10) 訏 (xū) Mo: great plan. Order: government order.

(11) yóu: Same as "猷", strategy. Chen: On time.

(12) Huang Zhan (dān): addicted. Zhan, the same as "Dan".

(13) Female: Ru. Although: only. From: Tong "vertical", indulgence.

(14) Shao: Inheritance.

(15) No: No. Application: wide. Seeking: refers to seeking the way of the previous king.

(16) Gram: Can. ***: Tong "arch", execution, promotion. criminal law.

(17) Si: So. Shang: Yousuke.

(18) Lengxu (xū): phase rate, sinking.

Chapter (19): Model, criterion.

(20) Soldiers: weapons.

(21) Use: to. Work: Start.

(22) 逷 (tì): pass "tick" and control. Barbarians: ethnic tribes in remote areas.

(23) Quality: stability.

(24) Hou: auxiliary word.

(25) Unexpected: unexpected.

(26) Yi: Easy, rash. because.

(27) Meng: Press and hold. Me: I, Qin Shishi’s exclusive title as emperor.

(28) Pass away: chase.

(29) 雠 (chóu): reflection.

(30) Shengsheng (mǐnmǐn): cautious look.

(31) Cheng: Accept.

(32) Friends: refers to hospitality.

(33) Edition: and.

(34) Ya: He. 怆(qiān): fault.

(35) Phase: Observation.

(36) House leakage: If the roof leaks, the light of the sky will be seen, and everything in the dark will appear, which is a metaphor for the supervision of gods.

(37) Cloud: particle. Gou (ɡòu): meet, this refers to seeing.

(38) Cell: To. Thinking: auxiliary words.

(39) Duó: speculation, estimate.

(40) 秧 (shěn): Besides. Shoot (yì): pass "斁", disgust.

(41) Pi: Xiu Ming, one talks about training.

(42) Shu: Beautiful. Stop: behavior.

(43) Jiàn: going beyond one’s duty. Thief: mutilation.

(44) Fresh (xiǎn): less. Principles: rules.

(45) Tong: young, young. This refers to a hornless lamb.

(46) Hong: Same as "conflict", collapse.

(47) 鍏 (rěn) dye: tough.

(48) Yan: language particle. 緷(mín): To string an instrument.

(49) Quotes: Chen Huan's "Shi Mao's Biography": "The words should be an error in the word '诂'." (Classic) Commentary" quotes "Shuowen" as a 'report' "Zieyan", it says: "Jie, so it is said." This is "Shuowen" that Lu (Lu Deming) saw, and he wrote "Jieyan" based on the poem. "Jieyan is an old saying.

(50) In (wū): interjection.

(51) Zang Fou (zāngpǐ): likes and dislikes.

(52) Bandit (fēi): non.

(53) means: instructions.

(54) Face-to-face instruction: Enlightenment in person.

(55) Borrow: If you say.

(56) Ying: Complete.

(57) Mo (mù): Same as "twilight", late.

(58) Dream (méng) Dream: Same as "瞞瞞", faint and unclear.

(59) Miao Miao: contemptuous look.

(60) Abuse: The pretense of "joking", joking.

(61) Yu (yù): auxiliary word. 耄(mào): old.

(62) Shu: Shuji.

(63) said: auxiliary word.

(64) Intuit (tè): deviation.

(65) Return (yù): evil.

(66) Thorn: Passing "urgency".

Translation

He is well-mannered and well-mannered.

There is an old saying from the ancients: "Wise people are sometimes stupid."

If ordinary people are not smart, there is something wrong with them.

If a wise man is not smart, he will be abnormal and startling.

With the virtuous man, the country is strong and prosperous, and the princes from all over the world come to surrender.

A gentleman's moral character is upright and upright, and the princes will obey and bring peace.

The great plan for the founding of the country sets the policy, and the long-term national strategy advises the ministers.

Be careful in your behavior, and the people will use this as a standard.

Nowadays, the world is in chaos and the national government is in chaos.

Your moral character has been corrupted and you have indulged in wine and sex.

He only knows about eating, drinking and having fun, but he doesn’t care about inheriting the emperor’s legacy.

How could the previous kings understand the law and benefit all the people if they did not pursue the rule of law widely?

The Emperor and Heaven refuse to bless you, just like a spring flowing empty.

The king and his ministers will rest together.

You should get up early and go to bed late, sweep away the dirt inside and outside,

Take the lead in serving the people.

Keep your chariots and horses in good repair, and repair your bows and arrows carefully.

Be prepared to conquer the barbarian chiefs abroad if war breaks out.

Stabilize your people, abide by the law and do not be willful,

to prevent disaster from happening suddenly.

Be cautious in what you say, be polite in your behavior,

be gentle and respectable in everything.

There are stains on the white jade, but they can still be removed by polishing.

If something goes wrong when you open your mouth to speak, you will never be able to recover from it.

Don't spit out words casually. Don't say, "You can't speak sloppily.

No one will cover my tongue."

If you don’t say anything and don’t react, you will always get blessings if you show kindness.

Friends and ministers should be loved and cared for, and children of the common people should be comforted.

Children and grandchildren must be careful, and the people are not disobedient.

Looking at you entertaining the nobles, smiling happily,

Be careful not to make any mistakes.

Seeing that you are alone indoors, you are doing things worthy of God.

Xiu said, "The light in the room is dark, no one can see me clearly."

It is difficult to predict the coming and going of gods, and I don't know when they will suddenly come

How can it be? Tired of being punished.

Cultivation of moral character and sentiment makes it noble and beautiful.

Be careful, behave gracefully, and be well-groomed and polite.

If you don’t make mistakes and don’t harm others, you rarely fail to be imitated.

Someone gave me a basket of peaches, and I reciprocated with plums.

To talk nonsense about a lamb having horns is really to disrupt your Zhou Dynasty.

Tough and tough wood, used to make strings.

A gentle, prudent and good-natured person with deep roots and high moral character.

If you are a wise person, ancient famous sayings will advise you,

Practice it immediately as a treasure.

If you are a fool, it is not flattering to say that I am wrong.

People's hearts are different and it is difficult to guide them.

It is a pity that the young master is too young and does not know what is good and what is important.

Not only did he help you talk to each other, he also taught you how to do things.

Not only do I teach you face to face, I also hold your ear to make you listen.

Even if you are ignorant, you already have a baby.

Although people have shortcomings, who will be wise early but mature late?

God knows best that I am not happy in this life.

Seeing your confusion makes me feel depressed and sad.

I teach you patiently over and over again, but you neither listen nor pay attention.

I don’t know how to teach you for your own good, but instead treat it as a joke.

If you say you are ignorant, why would you call me a boss?

Sigh, you are a young master and a young king. Listen to me telling you about the old rules.

If you listen to my advice, you won’t be so wrong or ridiculous.

God is bringing disaster, and I am afraid that the country will perish.

Let me draw a close analogy: God’s rewards and punishments are not unjust.

If the evil nature is not changed, the people of Li will suffer.

? Creation background

"Daya·Yi" was written by Duke Wu of Wei to admonish King Ping of Zhou (Yijiu). "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: "In "Yi", Duke Wu of Wei stabbed King Li to warn himself." However, the ancients had many disputes about this. "Guoyu·Chu Yu" says: "In the past, Duke Wu of Wei was ninety-five years old. He still warned the country: From the ministers down to the teachers and officers, those who are still in the court will not care about my old age and abandon me, but they will be respectful and obedient to the court. , I will be warned day and night. If I hear one or two words, I will recite my will and accept it, so as to teach me. The emperor's motto is to be blind to history, and to be recited by teachers and workers at banquets is to teach the emperor the "Yi Jie". "Three Kingdoms. Wu Weizhao's note: "Zhao called the poem "Yi" the chapter of "Daya·Yi", and Yi read it as "Yu". This poem is a poem to warn Duke Wu of Wei against himself, rather than a poem to criticize. Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty also held this view in his "Collected Poems", saying: "Wei Wugong wrote this poem, so that people would recite it every day to warn themselves." In the Qing Dynasty, Yao Jiheng's "General Theory of the Book of Songs" refuted the "Preface to Mao's Poems" and said: "The king of assassination If you want to stab the king, if you want to warn yourself, you can warn yourself. There are no two things that can be combined into a poem." Modern people also think that this is a poem of stabbing rather than a poem of self-deprecation. In fact, there is nothing wrong with what the "Preface to Mao's Poems" says, but the wording is a bit inappropriate. For example, if it were said that "Duke Wu of Wei used his own police force to assassinate the king," it would be perfectly reasonable. Because self-warning and assassination of the king seem to have nothing to do with each other, in fact, "it is a cunning technique of the poet, appropriately included in the literary remonstrance skills of the poets in the slave society" (Chen Zizhan's "A Direct Interpretation of the Book of Songs").

? As for whether the king of Zhou who was assassinated was King Li of Zhou as stated in the "Preface to Mao's Poems", scholars since the Song Dynasty have made detailed research on this matter. Song Dynasty's "Shu Pu" said: "Wu Gong's self-discipline began in the year of Mao, and it was ninety years after the death of King Li. He said that the poem was to assassinate King Li, which is unknown." Qing Dynasty Yan Ruocha's "Qianqiu Saga" said "Dong Wu of Wei came to the throne in the 16th year of King Xuan's reign, which was already thirty years after King Li's death. Is there a poem about attacking King Li? Or it's called chasing after assassination, especially not.

Seeing the cruel king, he began to draw the words. He has passed away, so he should be Du Kou, which is true; the "Preface" says that he stabbed King Li, which is not true. "They all pointed out that "Yi" could not be the title of King Ci Li. The Qing Dynasty Wei Yuan's "Shi Gu Wei" further analyzed: ""Yi" was written by Duke Wu of Wei when he was a minister of King Ping, not thirty years away from You (King). Yu Zai is not more than eighty years away from Li (King). ‘You’, ‘daughter’ and ‘boy’ are all words used by Duke Wu to warn himself, and the royal family is among them. "Repair chariots and horses, and arm soldiers with bows and arrows", hoping to restore the old days of Haojing, but King Ping was unable to do so. "Wei believes that the king of Zhou targeted by this poem is not King Li or You, but King Ping. His opinion is correct.

? King Ping of Zhou is Yijiu, the son of King You of Zhou. King You is mediocre and cruel. , doted on Bao Si, and was finally killed by the invading Xirong army in Lishan. After King You died, Yijiu was proclaimed king in the second year of King Ping of Zhou (770 BC). , Qin Xianggong and others escorted King Ping to Luoyi by force. From then on, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began. At that time, the Zhou Dynasty was in decline and the princes were in power. King Ping's governance was inappropriate. "A gentleman's service lasts forever" and "does not care for his people, but garrisoned far away from his mother's house (Shen State)". The author of "Daya·Yi" was Wei Wugong, a veteran of the Zhou Dynasty. He was an eyewitness to the four dynasties of King Xuan, King You, and King Ping. King Li was exiled, King Xuan was resurrected, and King You was destroyed. When King Ping was in power, he was already eighty or ninety years old. He couldn't help but feel worried and angry when he saw that King Ping, whom he supported, had bad character and political darkness. I couldn't help but write this poem.

? Brief analysis

? The whole poem has twelve chapters, the first three chapters have eight lines in each chapter, and the last nine chapters have ten lines in each chapter. The first chapter starts with the relationship between philosophy and foolishness, and then gives advice and admonitions from both positive and negative aspects. The second chapter points out the importance of seeking virtue and establishing virtue. Chapter 5 to Chapter 8 turn to poignant criticism. , further explaining what should be done and what should not be done. The author particularly emphasizes the etiquette attitude towards the subjects and the caution in speaking. The ninth to the last chapter is a sincere warning to King Zhou Ping that he should listen carefully to his own rules. , otherwise there will be disaster of national subjugation. The language of this poem is concise, and idioms such as "working hard at night", "Bai Gui's stain", "tongue can't be touched", "repaying a favor", "teaching one's words" and "sincerely admonishing" all come from this poem, which can be called A mine of idioms.