First, the origin of surnames
1, from the surname.
According to legend, when Emperor Yao was in power, Gun's wife Xin gave birth to Yu because she had eaten coix seed in her dream, so Emperor Yao changed her surname to Gui. Later, he managed water conservancy, guided the people to build canals to promote agriculture, and led troops to quell the Sanmiao rebellion, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. In recognition of his great achievements, Shun sealed him in the summer (now east of Dengfeng County, Henan Province) and later passed on the throne to him. After Yu Xia's death, his son succeeded to the throne and established the Xia Dynasty, the first slave country in China's history. For more than 400 years, Xia has spread to the kings of 13 and 16 generations. Later, it was overthrown by Shang Tang, because the Xia Emperor was cruel and ruthless, and the Xia royal family took the country as their surname, calling it Xia.
2. From the surname.
In 65438 BC+065438 BC+the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, the princes were enfeoffed, and the descendants of Donglou Gong were enfeoffed to Qi (now Qixian County, Henan Province) as the marquis of Qi. By the time of Jian Gong, it was destroyed by the State of Chu. Tuo, his younger brother, went out of Lu, and was named Xiahou (compound surname) because of his descendants. Later generations took Xia as their surname and called him Xiahou.
3. From the surname.
Take Wang Fu as the surname. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, after the King of Wu was named Shun Di, he sealed Chen and established the State of Chen, with Wanqiu as the capital, in order to gain the worship of Shun Di. Historically called Hu Gongman and Chen Hugong. In the Spring and Autumn Period, when he became the monarch on 16, there was an illegitimate child named Zihe. His grandson, Zheng Shu, took Wang Fu (grandfather) as his surname, called Xia Zhengshu, and later Xia.
4. Change your surname or something else.
Hayawan, a native of Taiwan Province Province, changed his surname to Xia; In the Ming Dynasty, Qilu Tai was named Xia Gui; Tujia, Mongolian, Hui, Manchu and other ethnic groups all have Xia surnames.
5. Ancestor of surname: Xia Qi.
According to legend, after Yu's death, his son Qi broke the abdication system and acceded to the throne, establishing the first slave country in history-Xia Dynasty. During the 400 years in the summer, * * * spread to 13 generations and 16 kings. At the end of his reign, Xia Jie was cruel and heartless, and the people of China hated him. At this time, Shang Tang, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor's surname, was deeply nurtured by virtue. In the 6th century BC/kloc-,Shang Tang destroyed the Xia Dynasty and established the Shang Dynasty. The Xia royal family took the country as its surname and called it Xia surname. Because he was the founding monarch, he was considered the ancestor of Xia's surname.
Second, migration distribution.
Xia's surname is very early, so with the constant changes of the times, it has spread widely.
Xia surname originated in today's Henan and Anhui areas. Generally speaking, before the Qin Dynasty, Xia's surname mainly lived and multiplied in the Central Plains, and moved to Shaanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei and other places. For example, Shu spread to fourth area Prefecture (now Henan Province) to practice medicine, and went to Yukou's apparatus (now eastern Shandong Province) to practice medicine. Xia Wuxie (roughly from the Xia family in Shaanxi) was the physician of Qin Shihuang. There were generations in Qin and Han dynasties (now northwest Hebei, north-central Shanxi, etc.). ) Who talks about summer? Anhui Xia family is a descendant of Xia royal family who fled to Nanchao.
Before Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Xia's surname mainly lived in the vast areas of northern China, especially in the Central Plains.
Xia's southward migration began in the Han Dynasty. For example, in the Western Han Dynasty, Huanggong Xia was a native of Yin (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). Xia Fang was born in Jiujiang (now Jiangxi) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Xia surname in Zhejiang was the most prosperous. That's why Xia's surname will look forward to the county. Ancestors are Xia Tong, a Gao Shi in the Western Jin Dynasty, and this county is also the largest family in the history of Xia surname. During this period, the Xia surname in the north was displaced due to war and turmoil, and its development was lagging behind that in the south.
During the Tang Dynasty, the government was clean and the Xia surname was in its infancy and prosperity. Xia surname in the north revived its homeland and developed, while the south prospered on the basis of the previous generation.
After the Song Dynasty, Xia's celebrities were everywhere. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xia Song, who was new to politics, was born in De 'an, Jiangzhou (now Jiangxi). Xia Cheng, a native of Longyang (now Hanshou, Hunan); In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were painters Xia Gui and Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang).
There were painters like Xia Di in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there were Xia and Songjiang Huating (now Songjiang, Shanghai). Painter Xia Chang, a native of Kunshan, Jiangsu; Premier Xia Yan is from Jiangxi. In addition, in the early Ming Dynasty, the Xia surname of Shanxi Sophora japonica migrated to Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan and other places.
Celebrities in the Qing Dynasty were novelists Xia Jingqu, a native of Jiangsu; Historian Xia Xie was born in Anhui. In addition, in the late Qing Dynasty, Xia from Fujian and Guangdong crossed the ocean and entered Taiwan Province, then moved to Singapore and other places.
In short, after the Tang and Song Dynasties, the branch of Xia surname extended more widely, and Jiangnan area was regarded as a breeding ground. After long-term reproduction, the distribution center of Xia surname moved to Jiangnan area. Now it is widely distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces. Today, Xia surnames are mainly distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the population of these two provinces accounts for about 40% of the surnames in Xia Han, China.
Xia is the 55th surname in China with a large population, accounting for about 0.39% of the Han population in China.
Third, the county hall number
The name of a hall
Ping Shui Tang: 13 Yu Xia was not at home, but he didn't come into the house for three times. The flood was finally leveled, and Shun gave him the throne. Xia surname also takes "Huiji" as the Tang name.
Zhengdetang: During the Ming Dynasty (1506- 152 1), Xia Ru, the daughter of Xia Ancestor, became the queen of Ming Wuzong, and Xia Ru became a national official, who was named Bo by Ming Wuzong. In order to commemorate their ancestors, later generations named the hall "Zhengde Hall" in the name of "Zhengde" of Ming Wuzong. Xinghua Xiajia takes Zhengdetang as its emblem.
In addition, the main Tang numbers of Xia surname are Huijitang, Wubentang, Yuanyuan Hall, Shang nave, Xiao Si Hall, Mingdetang, Jukui Hall, Aiyitang and Laihetang.
Wang Jun
Huiji County: In the 25th year of Qin Shihuang (222 BC), he set up a county in wuyue and ruled Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). In the Western Han Dynasty, it was equivalent to the south of Jiangsu and the east of Maoshan, most of Zhejiang Province (except the west of Tianmu Mountain and a few areas in Chun 'an County) and Fujian Province. This Xia family belongs to the Gao Xia family in the Western Jin Dynasty. There are celebrities after Xia's surname in this county, which are recorded in the history books. Qin Xia, for example, was the doctor of Qin Shihuang; Ken Hung, a historian in Yin Cheng in the Western Han Dynasty, and Xia Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty are as famous as James Zhang and Fan Pang. Xia Gong of Taishan Mountain and Xia Tong, the filial son of Jin Dynasty, are outstanding figures of Xia family in Huiji County.
Qiao County: At the end of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Pei County was established as Qiao County, where Qiao County was administered (now Hao County, Anhui Province).
Levin County: the county established by Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ruled by Levin (now east of Gaoyang County, Hebei Province). In the early Jin Dynasty, Levin was established to administer Bolu (now Lixian South, Hebei Province). The Northern Wei Dynasty changed the county and moved to Levin.
Luxian County: At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Xue County was changed to Lu State, and Lu County (now Qufu, Shandong Province) was the governing place.
Fourth, historical celebrities.
Yu Xia (Dayu): the founding monarch of Xia Dynasty. Zhuan Xu's grandson, surnamed Yu. Because of his outstanding achievements in fighting floods, he was named emperor by Shun Chan, known as Dayu in the world. After eight years in office, he died, passed on to Zi Qi, and started a hereditary monarchy. Also known as Xia Houshi. So China people are familiar with the hero of water control. He stayed indoors three times. Being the son of heaven, keeping his true colors, being close to the people and making profits for the people is a model monarch under the imperial monarchy system.
Yu Xia: A famous patriotic warrior, it is said that he has great strength in pulling the oxtail.
Xia Innocent: The doctor who participated in the assassination of the King of Qin in Jing Ke was named "Biography of the Assassin in Historical Records" for "catching Jing Ke with a medicine bag".
Xia Qin: A native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was once the magistrate of Jingwan County, the magistrate of Lingling (now Hunan) and a local official, and was famous for his talent and learning.
Xiagong: A respected scholar during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Xia Gong was the most prestigious professor of Yi Studies at that time. He has taught more than 100 students, which can be said to be full of peaches and plums.
Yin (now Ningbo, Zhejiang) was a hermit in the Western Han Dynasty. He once avoided the state of Qin and hid in Shangshan, becoming one of the "Four Nobles".
Xia Houxuan: Minister of Wei in the Three Kingdoms Period. Jing is one of the founders of metaphysics and is called one of the "four great intellectuals".
Xia Zhan: An outstanding painter in Jin Dynasty, who was good at creating figures and statues. His works have been included in books such as Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties and Book Integration.
Xia Zhizhong: A native of Yichun (now Yichun, Jiangxi), he was an envoy of the Song Dynasty and was famous for his sages. It is said that the imperial court held a celebration ceremony, and everyone competed to offer rare things, holding a book unique to China, "One person has a celebration, and life is boundless."
Xia Gui, an outstanding painter in Southern Song Dynasty. He painted figures in his early years and later became famous for his landscape paintings. At the same time as Ma Yuan, it is called "Ma Xia". The style of painting is free and easy, combining the painting methods of Li Tang, Fan Kuan and Mi Fei. With a bald pen and water as the axe, the composition is mostly half a picture or a corner, which is called "Xia Banbian".
Xia Di: A famous painter in Yuan Dynasty, he was good at landscapes and bamboo stones, especially at painting pines and cypresses.
Xia Yan: A native of Guixi, Jiangxi Province, was a senior official of the Ritual Department in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty and a university student in Wuyingdian. He was in power with the first assistant and served as prime minister twice.
Yan Xia: A native of Huating, Songjiang (present-day Shanghai), a scholar of Ming Dynasty, once went to Zhejiang to participate in politics. His theory that "a gentleman cherishes three things" is passed down as a famous saying.
Xia Chang: Kunshan (now Kunshan, Jiangsu) was a famous painter in Ming Dynasty. He is not only good at painting, but also good at writing and poetry. His poems are clear and beautiful, and his calligrapher is writing in print. His paintings were good at writing bamboo and stone, which was the first at that time. As the saying goes, "Zhao Zhong has a bamboo, and Jiangnan has ten ingots of gold". After the Song Dynasty, it was the most glorious period of Xia surname in the field of literature.
Xia Yuanji: A native of Huguang Xiangyin (now Hunan), a minister of the Ming Dynasty, and an official of the household department of Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande Dynasties. He has been in charge of finance for 27 years, and his support is correct. He has made great achievements in determining taxes and tariffs, cleaning warehouses, widely sowing seeds and repairing water sources.
Xia Chongzhi: A native of Xiangyin, he was a scholar in Chenghua of Ming Dynasty, and his official position was equivalent to that of Shao Qing, a servant. He once told the emperor five things about current affairs, explained their advantages and disadvantages, and felt ahead of the times.
Xia Wanchun, a native of Songjiang, Shanghai, was an anti-Qing righteous man in Nanming. Clever since childhood, he took part in the anti-Qing struggle with his father at the age of fourteen and wrote Xia Wanchun Collection.
Xia Jingqu: a native of Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, was a novelist in the Qing Dynasty. I have been traveling all my life, traveling everywhere. Believe in Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. He is the author of the novel Wild Acid Exposes Words.
Xia Xie: A native of Dangtu, Anhui Province, a historian of the Qing Dynasty. He didn't fully understand go-vern-ment's traitorous behavior, strongly protested the invasion by foreign enemies, appreciated the rebellious spirit of the China people, and wrote a book "Chronicle of China and the West".
Xia Gaizun, a native of Shangyu, Zhejiang Province, is the author of Life and Literature, Apartments Essays, Socialism and Evolution, etc.
Xia: A native of Hengyang, Hunan Province, a famous proletarian revolutionary martyr, devoted himself heroically to the liberation of the people of China. In the execution poem: "Kill Xia, and there will be descendants." This shows the revolutionary integrity of a communist party member.
Attachment 1: Xia surname of Hui nationality
According to legend, it was taken from the initials of Xiabulu Ding Han, who came from the west to settle in Quanzhou during the Yuan and Qing Dynasties (13 13) and then applied to preside over mosque education affairs. At that time, Chabuluhandin was revered as "the Xia (elder) of Islam". Therefore, the Hui people's Xia surname is called "Xia" because it originated from Xia Bu Lu Ding Han Education Annals. In addition, Xia Naimadang, the grave keeper of the Sulu East King who came to China during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, thrived in the local area and became the ancestor of Xia Hui people in Beiying, Dezhou, Shandong Province. In Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, there is a Xia surname of Mingdetang. Xia's original genealogy was destroyed in Yangzhou during Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. In the fifth year of the Republic of China (19 16), it was edited by Jpua Gong, the ancestor of traditional Chinese medicine in Zhenjiang and Nanjing. In the preface, it is recorded that my family has settled in Yangzhou since the Ming Dynasty, which has been passed down for 30 generations for 500 years. 1983, Rong Guang, a descendant of Zhenjiang (summer), established a new loose-leaf spectrum on this basis, and added two crosses after generations of crosses. "(Zhenjiang Hui nationality) Xia Hui nationality is mostly in the northwest.
Attachment 2: General Couplet of Xia's Ancestral Hall
Four-character couplet of Xia's Ancestral Hall
Hui Ji Shi Ze;
Minister family style
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
Couplets refer to Xia's county magistrate "Huiji", which is used to express the worship of Xia. The second couplet refers to and praises Xia Yuanji, the ancestor of Xia surname, who was in charge of finance for 27 years in the five dynasties of Hongwu, Wen Jian, Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, and "was talented in politics and had the style of an ancient minister".
Ranked fourth;
Look at three cases.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
The first couplet refers to Huanggong Xia, a hermit in Han Dynasty, who was born in Yin. Avoiding Qin and hiding in Shangshan is one of the "Four Nobles". He lived in seclusion in Li Xia, so he was named Huanggong Xia. The second couplet refers to Xia Fu, a famous person in the Han Dynasty, and the word Zi Zhi. When Emperor Huan spoke frankly for the first time, he didn't. This is called the fear of middle-level officials.
Minglian No.4;
Look at three cases.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
Couplets refer to people from Yinxian County at the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, who lived in seclusion with Dong, Qi and Jiao (played by Lu Yinlu) in Shangshan, and were called "Shangshan is four expensive". The second couplet refers to Xia Fu, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Zi Zi Zhi. In the early years of Emperor Huan, he bluntly refused to go. Although he didn't deal with officials at that time, his reputation was feared by autocratic eunuchs, and he was falsely accused together with Fan Pang and James Zhang, so he had to leave his hometown and change his name and surname to become a servant.
The real prime minister
Have the style of a minister.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
The first couplet refers to Xia Song, the minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the word Joe; A native of Dean, Jiangzhou, he was smart and studious when he was a teenager. He is familiar with classics, philosophers, testimonies and Buddhism, and his articles are elegant and gorgeous. , Guang, Li Bulang, Deng Zhou, letters, Fu, and politics. Injong was then prime minister and was appointed Duke of England. Be good at making friends. He is the author of Wen Zhuang Collection, etc. The second couplet is Xia Yuanji, a native of Huguang Xiangyin in the Ming Dynasty, named Wei Zhe. When Hongwu entered imperial academy, Mao regarded it as the head of the household department, and regarded it as the ancestor and official. During Yongle period, he went to Su and Song to control water and dredge Wusong River, which achieved fruitful results. Later, he was imprisoned for remonstrance, and Renzong was reinstated as an official after he acceded to the throne. He served as finance minister in Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande dynasties for 27 years and never made any mistakes. There is the collection of Xia Zhongjing.
Tu Shan Kerry;
Guo Liang is a believer.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
Couplets refer to the legend of marrying Tu Shanshi, the heir is Shun Chan, the country name is Xia, and the descendants take Xia as their surname. The second couplet mentioned that Gong studied Korean poetry, and he taught more than 1000 students with the Book of Changes.
Give running water;
The source goes back to Tu Shan.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
This couplet is the "Pingshuitang" couplet of Xia's Ancestral Hall. The All-China Federation listed Yu Xia's flood control as leaving home in 13, and he went home three times, without entering the allusions.
One person has a celebration;
May God live forever!
-Song Xia Zhizhong wrote "Xia's Ancestral Hall General Union"
This couplet is a filial couplet for our messenger of the Song Dynasty, the Summer Solstice. Xia Zhi is from Yichun. After my sister became a dutiful son, I became an official in our national army. The court celebrates the people, and the people compete for rare things. They hold the unique book "Celebrate One Person, Live Long and Boundless" and people benefit from it.
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Five-character couplets of Xiashi Ancestral Hall
Xia Qing is bamboo;
West cool ten ingots of gold.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
The All-China Federation Canon refers to the painter Xia Jing of the Ming Dynasty (1388- 1470). He is an official who often goes to court and is good at painting ink bamboo. He is called "a bamboo in Xia Qing and ten ingots of gold in the west".
Five things about Chongwen and Chen:
Being a husband is expensive and cherishing three things.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
Couplets refer to Xia Chongwen, a Chenghua person in Ming Dynasty, named Zhang Ting, a native of Xiangyin. The official department is in charge, and the article presents five major current events, telling Chen's pros and cons, and also writing five things about Chen, each of which is discussed. Servant officials are very young. The second couplet is Yan Xia, a scholar of Ming Dynasty, whose name is Fu Zheng, and he is from Huating, Songjiang. Orthodox Jinshi, tired of Zhejiang's participation in politics. Taste the words: "A gentleman has three regrets; Unfortunately, this body does not learn; Unfortunately, this day is idle; Unfortunately, this body is defeated (corrupting personality). " I thought it was a famous saying.
Clouds cover the Yao altar net;
Moss gives birth to danzao.
-Tang Xia inscribed "Xia's Ancestral Hall General Union"
This couplet was written by Xia Wei, a poet in Tang Dynasty, to thank the real person for driving back to Laoshan. Zhenyuan is a scholar in summer.
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Xia Xing Ancestral Temple Seven-character Couplet
The first official of the founding of the five classics
A Xiaoyou family with seven generations living under one roof.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
Shi Xia Ancestral Temple in Xiajiadun, Lujiang County, Anhui Province. The first couplet refers to Xia Qin, a native of Jiujiang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, whose word is Bo Zong, and inherits Fan Shi's study of Ram Chunqiu. He has served as the magistrate of Beijing and Wanliang County, the prefect of Lingling (now Hunan), and the official post of Andi to Stuart, who is famous for his talent.
Spring flow in the East China Sea;
Wan comes from Nanshan, Rizhao.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
This couplet is Xia Shengqing's couplet and can be used as Xia Shengqing's couplet.
The words of the faithful have far-reaching influence;
Jiangshichang
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
Couplets refer to the Qing Dynasty novelist Jingqu, whose word Maoxiu, No.2 Ming, was born in Jiangyin. I believe in Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, and I also have a novel, Exposed Words by Yesou. The second couplet refers to Xia Gui, a painter of the Southern Song Dynasty, named Yuyu, a native of Qiantang. Master Ning's Painting Academy is waiting for a letter. Painting figures, especially good at landscapes. It is one of the "Four Schools of Southern Song Dynasty". The existing works include "The Sound of Jiangshan Family".
Integrity, honesty and jealousy;
Brother Wen loves British style.
-The Xiashi Ancestral Association written by Anonymous.
The first couplet refers to Xia Zhizhong, the messenger of the Song Dynasty, who was born in Yichun. After my sister became a dutiful son, I became an official in our national army. The court celebrates the people, and the people compete for rare things. They hold the unique book "Celebrate One Person, Live Long and Boundless" and people benefit from it. The second couplet refers to the story of Xia Yinggong, a famous figure in the Song Dynasty.
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Xiashi Ancestral Hall Eight-character Couplet
Five in the dish, the family welcomes Wanfu;
It is said that outside the cloud nine, every household is lucky.
-Xia inscribed "Xia's Ancestral Hall Federation"
This couplet was written by Professor Xia (1900- 1986), a contemporary "one pronoun Sect".