1, word order and function words are the main means to express grammatical meaning. For example, I love my parents, and my parents love me. My parents have been to Beijing. I have been to Beijing with my parents. Eat, eat, eat.
2. Consistency of grammatical structure Whether morphemes form words, words form phrases or phrases form sentences, their grammatical structure relations are basically the same. For example, words, earthquakes, phrases, healthy sentences and when the train starts are all subject-predicate structures.
3. Multifunctionality of words The part of speech in Chinese often acts as a variety of sentence components, such as learning that we are learning (predicate), learning is a pleasure (subject), and learning opportunities (attribute).
4. The combination of phrases is restricted by semantic context. For example, whether the reference material is a verb-object phrase or an affirmative phrase depends on the specific environment.
5. Quantifiers are very rich. Russian grammar Russian is a comprehensive language, also called inflectional language. Russian vocabulary is rich in morphological changes, and the relationship between words is often expressed through morphological changes. Therefore, the system of morphological changes and the combination law of words expressed by morphological changes are the basis of Russian grammatical structure.
The grammatical meaning of Russian mainly depends on the change of the word form itself. The changes of Russian static words in sex, number and case; Verbs sometimes change in aspect of aspect, state, form and person. The comparative changes of adjectives and adverbs are represented by different suffixes. A word changes when it enters a phrase or sentence, such as моясестракупилаки.
Russian has rich morphological changes. A word can have many grammatical forms and express different grammatical meanings. The grammatical meaning of Russian vocabulary is mainly expressed through the changes of vocabulary itself. For example, the word ена not only expresses the lexical meaning of wife, but also expresses the grammatical meaning of the first case of female singular. ены indicates the grammatical meaning of the plural and the first case.
There are many differences between Chinese and Russian grammar. For example, Chinese says "two copies" and Russian says "двекинги". Chinese numerals and nouns are combined with quantifiers in the middle, which is not the rule in Russian. For example, consistent relations and dominant relations often appear in Russian, but not in Chinese. Russian is rich in morphological changes, and various grammatical forms of notional words are the most commonly used means to express syntactic relations. Different word orders are mainly used for rhetorical purposes when the form of words is sufficient to express syntactic relations. Chinese, on the other hand, is underdeveloped in morphological changes, and the main means of expressing syntactic relations are word order and function words. Some common sentence patterns in Russian, such as infinitive sentences, are not found in Chinese. Sentence structure is widely used as various sentence components in Chinese, and a large number of linked structures and concurrent structures are used, while the corresponding phenomena and structures in Russian are much less. I saw him coming. явиделчтоонпршелл In terms of complex sentences, Russian widely uses conjunctions and connectors. Compared with дуетветеридетдодд, it is windy and rainy. Bibliography: Modern Chinese (Huang Borong, Liao Xudong), Comparison of Chinese and Russian Laws (Liu Xiaonan), Comparison and Translation of Russian and Chinese Languages (Jie Chen), General Theory of Modern Russian (Wang et al.). )