Start time:14th century Italy
Origin: Italy
Guiding ideology: humanism
Essence: bourgeois ideological and cultural movement
Achievements:
1. Dante's masterpiece is The Divine Comedy.
Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece is Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
Shakespeare's masterpieces in England are Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet.
Significance: It laid the ideological and cultural foundation for the emergence of European capitalist society.
Second, the opening of new routes.
Columbus discovered the new world and called the local residents Indians; Magellan finally completed his voyage around the world.
Significance: the world began to connect as a whole; Promoted the emergence and development of capitalism.
Third, the root of the bourgeois revolution in Britain, America and France:
1, feudal autocracy seriously hindered the development of British capitalist economy.
2. British colonial rule seriously hindered the development of capitalist economy in North America.
3. The feudal autocracy in France seriously hindered the development of French capitalist economy.
Fourthly, the British Bill of Rights.
Promulgated: 1689
Made by: British Parliament
Objective: to limit the rights of the king.
Function: The bourgeois rule of constitutional monarchy was established in Britain.
Fifth, the significance of the British bourgeois revolution.
The British bourgeoisie overthrew the feudal monarchy through revolution, established its dominant position, cleared the way for the development of capitalism and promoted the process of world history.
An intransitive verb: the timetable of important events in the American War of Independence.
1, go:1775,4, shooting in Lexington.
2. The United States was born on June 4th, 5438+0776, marked by the publication of the Declaration of Independence.
3. Turning point: 1777, Saratoga;
4. Britain recognizes American independence: 1783.
1776 On July 4th, the Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence, announcing the independence of North America 13 colony from Britain and the birth of the United States of America.
Eight. The significance of the war of independence
The American War of Independence ended British colonial rule and achieved national independence. The establishment of a relatively democratic bourgeois political system is conducive to the development of American capitalism and promotes the later revolutions in Europe and Latin America.
Nine, the significance of the French bourgeois revolution
The French Revolution destroyed the feudal rule of France, spread the progressive thought of bourgeois freedom and democracy, and had a great influence on the development of world history.
10. The Declaration of Human Rights was promulgated during the French Revolution, proclaiming that everyone is born free, has equal rights and that private property is inviolable.
XI。 The influence of the industrial revolution
1, the huge productivity created by the industrial revolution has brought earth-shaking changes to the social outlook.
2. After the industrial revolution, capitalism finally defeated feudalism, and western capitalist countries gradually established their rule over the world.
The world has formed a situation that the west is advanced and the east is backward.
Twelve. Enlightenment of industrial revolution
1. Science and technology are the primary productive forces and promote social progress.
We should learn from scientists' spirit of being brave in innovation and trying to explore scientific mysteries.
Thirteen. The Significance of American Civil War
1 is the second bourgeois revolution in American history.
2. The abolition of slavery has cleared another big obstacle for the development of capitalism and created conditions for the rapid economic development.
14. A slave should be free forever after that time (refers to New Year's Day of 1863).
1. Name, date of promulgation and issuer of this document.
Emancipation Proclamation for Black Slaves, 1862, Lincoln
2. The function of document distribution.
It reversed the war situation and was beneficial to the unification of the United States.
15. Let the ruling class tremble before the proletarian revolution. What proletarians lose in this revolution is only chains, and what they gain will be the whole world.
1. What literature did this famous saying come from and when was it published?
* * * Manifesto of the Productive Party, 1848
2. Who drafted this document for which organization.
Marx and Engels; * * * Producer Union
3. What is the significance of document publication?
It marks the birth of Marxism. Since then, under the guidance of scientific theory, the international workers' movement has entered a new historical period.
XVI. Contents and evaluation of Russia 186 1 reform.
Content:
1, serfs are free men in law.
Landlords can't buy and sell serfs and interfere in their lives.
3. After the serfs were liberated, they could get a piece of land, but they had to pay the price.
Evaluation: It is the bourgeois reform carried out by the czar from top to bottom, which is beneficial to the development of capitalism. Although it left a lot of feudal remnants, it accelerated the development of Russian capitalism and was a major turning point in modern Russian history.
The Content, Significance and Enlightenment of Meiji Restoration in Japan
Content:
1, politically, abolish the vassal state to set up counties and strengthen centralization.
2. Economically allow land sales, introduce western technology and encourage the development of modern industry.
3. In social life, advocate "civilization" and strive to develop education.
Evaluation:
1, gradually transforming Japan from a closed feudal country into a capitalist country.
Getting rid of the fate of semi-colonial countries is a major turning point in Japanese history.
But when it became strong, it soon embarked on the militaristic road of foreign aggression and expansion.
Revelation:
1. Introduce foreign capital and advanced western technology and persist in reform and opening up.
2. Advocate rejuvenating the country through science and education and develop education.