"Take it from a wide view, accumulate it but thin it" comes from Su Shi's Jia Shuo's Letter to Zhang Hu in the Song Dynasty.
The original text is as follows:
Jia said he would send it.
Su Shi in Northern Song Dynasty
Taste the rich? Its fields are beautiful and rich, and there is plenty of food. If the fields are beautiful and abundant, you can rest more and the soil fertility will be finished; When you are full, you will often plant out of date, but you will also often collect and cook. Therefore, the crops of the rich are often beautiful, but the quantity is small and firm, and they will not rot after being hidden for a long time. Today, there are ten people in my family, a total of 100 acres of land. Take it inch by inch, watch it day and night, hoe, shovel, shovel, ai, those who look for it are like fish scales, but the ground is exhausted. Sowing is often not timely, but gathering is often immature. How can this be beautiful?
In ancient times, only people were greater than today. Pingju is self-supporting, dare not act rashly, and wait for its success, like a baby's hope. The weak hold it high, so it is just; Those empty people hold them up so that they are filled. After thirty, he is an official, and after fifty, he is a knight. Believe in long flexion, but use it behind your feet; The flow is overflowing, but at the end of fullness. This ancient man is so great that today's gentleman is inferior.
I also have an interest in learning, but it's a pity that it's too early. In the same year as my son, my son got it, not too early. Although I want to think I am inadequate today, many people have already pushed me. Oh! My son is going here, and business is good! Broaden your horizons, make appointments, accumulate a lot but make little progress, and my son will stop here.
The son returned to the capital and asked how, and another said that the son was obedient and the younger brother was obedient, which was also the language.
translate
Have you ever observed how the rich grow crops? Their land is fertile and rich in food. If their land is good, they can practice fallow rotation and the fertility of the land can be maintained; They have plenty of food, so farming usually doesn't miss the season, and harvesting usually can wait until the crops are fully mature. Therefore, the crops of the rich are often very good, the seeds are full and rarely empty, the yield is high, and they will not rot after long-term storage. Now there are only 100 mu of land for ten people in my family. Every inch of land has been used, and I look forward to harvesting day and night, harvesting hard, making full use of the land, planting crops as dense as fish scales, and the nutrients in the land are exhausted. Agriculture is usually out of season, and harvesting is usually too late to wait for the crops to mature. How can there be a good harvest?
The talents of ancient people did not surpass those of modern people. On weekdays, they pay attention to their self-cultivation and dare not act rashly, waiting for their thoughts to fully mature. That kind of entanglement is like expecting the baby to grow up quickly. Carefully feed the weak to make him strong; Pay attention to cultivating those who are mentally deficient, so that they can gradually enrich themselves. I didn't come out as an official until I was 30, and I didn't ask for an official title until I was 50. Stretch in bending for a long time, and then play a role after full preparation; Just as water overflows and flows, an arrow is shot on a pole full of bows. This is why the ancients can surpass today, and today's gentleman is not as good as the ancients!
I have the ambition to study hard since I was a child, but I didn't expect to get ahead in scientific research with you, but your success can't be said too early! Although I don't think I am enough now, everyone praises me at will. Alas, you should get rid of this situation and devote yourself to your study! I read widely, take it simply and seriously, and slowly release it after deep accumulation. I can warn you so much.
Stop by Beijing on your way back and ask about it. There is a man named Su Zhe, Zi Ziyou, who is my brother. Please tell him these words too.
To annotate ...
Say: an ancient style, which often shows the author's views and opinions in narration. That is, according to Zi Zhi Tong Jian: "Yun's real name is Hu"; In the same year as Su Shi, he became a scholar.
Hé: It's the same as syncope. Why not? Syncope here can be interpreted as syncope. Crops: crops.
More rest: rotation fallow.
Convergence: harvest. Its maturity: in the old society, the poor often harvest to satisfy their hunger before maturity, which is called "killing green"
τ (bτ): a grain with a shell and no rice, commonly known as a shriveled grain. Solid: whole grain.
υu: After sowing, level the land to cover the seeds. (zhi √): short sickle. A: Harvest.
Yan: I am anxious and very concerned.
After thirty, I became an official. "Book of Rites Quli Shang" says: Forty strong, but official. Fifty words, ai, for the government. "
Letter (shēn): same as "extension".
Send at the end of the grip: send an arrow after the bow is full. F: launch. Full: Full bow. End: After that.
Morning: I went to the first place very early.
Praise wrongly.
Here: Abandon the acquired floating name (Dundee).
Business: Study hard.
Big vision, take two words: look at it broadly, use it skillfully, and accumulate it without revealing it. Jane, Shao. Bo: There is a feeling of being cautious and strong.
The first sentence is a word for prayer. Yes, this refers to the words "take it from a wide range, accumulate it and accumulate it". Language (Yu): Tell.
Introduction of works
Jia Shuo sent to Zhang Hu is an essay by Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. This article is written by the author to a friend and is also a preface. Starting with planting crops, this paper compares the farming environment, farming methods and harvest results between the poor and the rich, paving the way for the following research; The following article focuses on the relationship between knowledge and planting crops, and then reveals the main idea of the article: planting crops can not be harvested until they are mature; Learning should be broad-minded, demanding, and accumulated.
works appreciation
This article takes "Jia" as a metaphor, which makes people feel that things are abstract, vivid, clear and thorough, implies the author's personal feelings, exhorts others, laments himself, and is sincere and moving.
This article begins with a metaphor, "What do you think of the rich?" A question not only naturally leads to the following, but also attracts special attention. Then it tells the story of two different effects brought by rich and poor farming methods vividly and concretely. The stronger the fertility of the rich, the richer the harvest; The fertility of the poor is getting worse and worse, and the harvest is meager; The reason is that the rich have more land than food, so they can practice crop rotation, conserve soil fertility and form a virtuous circle, so they can continue to develop reproduction; If the poor can't do it, it will inevitably lead to a vicious circle, and finally even simple reproduction will be difficult to maintain. This is an irresistible production law! In ancient times, only people were greater than today. "The transformation of the article is logical, and the law of material production naturally extends to spiritual production. Comparing the ancients with the present, we think that the talents and knowledge of the ancients greatly exceeded those of ordinary people. The reason is the same as this kind of crops. Don't rush for success. You must accumulate time and practice diligently in order to achieve "overflowing, but starting from perfection". Then, the author further expounds this problem with his own learning practice and personal experience. Don't be complacent in your study, pursue a false reputation, and concentrate on your study. Only by "reading widely and learning from others" can we have a rich and refined knowledge base, and we will be willing to use it. This is the truth of "thick accumulation and thin hair".
Finally, the author asks Zhang Hu to tell this opinion to his brother Su Zhe, which seems to be idle, but it is intended to show that this is really his heartfelt words.
This article is written casually and naturally, with concise language, interesting metaphor and profound truth. Planting crops and studying are two different things, but the author naturally and skillfully links them closely, indicating that material production and spiritual production have the same regularity, highlighting the easy-to-understand metaphor and making the article friendly and easy to understand. It fully shows that Su Shi is good at observing things, understanding and mastering the development law of things, being familiar with agricultural production, and showing a profound and solid life foundation. At the same time, it shows Su Shi's superb writing skills and unique writing style.
Creation background
This essay was written at the end of the ninth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1076) or at the beginning of the tenth year. Author Su Shi works in Kyoto. He came to see Su Shi before scholar-bureaucrat Zhang Hu came home. The author thinks that there was an atmosphere of quick success and instant benefit among the taxi drivers at that time, so I specially wrote this essay for Zhang Hu to encourage him.
Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi (1037—11year), born in Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), was a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. With his father Su Xun and his brother Su Zhe, they are also called "Three Sus".