Otto von Otto von Bismarck was born in 1 865438+April 20051and died in 1898. He is the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Prussia, an outstanding politician and diplomat in modern German history, and is known as the "Iron Prime Minister".

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In his first week as prime minister, Bismarck said in his first speech to the state legislature: "The major political issues of the contemporary era cannot be decided by empty talk and most resolutions, but must be solved by iron and blood."

Edit this passage before Bismarck entered politics.

1 81April 051was born into a family of Junk big noble in Shenhausen, Prussia, and spent his childhood in his father's manor. During his college years, he dueled with his classmates 27 times. 1835 After graduating from Berlin University, Bismarck returned to his hometown to manage his two territories. Strong physique, rough personality, cruelty to farmers, persistence in goals, unscrupulous pursuit and realistic attitude constitute Bismarck's distinctive personality characteristics.

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185 1 is the representative of Prussia in the German Federal Parliament.

1859 ambassador to Russia.

186 1 year as a minister in France.

Edit this paragraph, Bismarck, bloody prime minister

1In June, 862, Bismarck became Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Prussia. In September of the same year, in his first speech at the Prussian Parliament, he declared loudly: "What Germany pays attention to is not Prussian liberalism, but power. Prussia must save its own strength and wait for the favorable opportunity. We have missed it several times. The major problems of our times cannot be solved by the speeches and resolutions of the majority, but by iron and blood. " Bismarck's "iron blood" is his program and creed of unifying Germany, so he has the nickname "iron blood prime minister" It was by this kind of violence that Bismarck boldly and cunningly used international disputes and favorable opportunities to unify Germany decisively through the "top-down" road.

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The first step was to provoke a war against Denmark at the beginning of 1864.

The Danish Principality of Schleswig-Hollstein (mostly German residents) was incorporated into Germany.

The second step, 1866 provoked the war between Puao and Austria.

1On July 3, 866, Prussia won a decisive victory in the Battle of Sadova. According to the Prague Peace Treaty of August 1866, Austria withdrew from the German Federation, and Prussia annexed Holstein and several German federal vassals that stood in Austria during the war, unified northern and central Germany, and established the North German Federation under the leadership of Prussia.

The third step is the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.

1September 870 17, instigated by Bismarck, France declared war on Germany. Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte boasted that it was just a "military walk to Berlin". But what he met was not Prussia in the past, but a relatively strong German nation that resolutely opposed separatism. 1On September 2, 870, the Germans won a decisive victory over France in the Battle of Sedang and captured Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte alive. At this point, the obstacles to Yugoslavia's reunification have been removed, and the task of German national war has been completed. Bismarck took his troops straight to Paris. 187 1 year 1 month 18 declared the unification of Germany and established the German Empire at Versailles. Bismarck also served as the Prime Minister of the German Empire.

Edit this passage about the road to hegemony

After Bismarck unified Germany, he carried out the policy of serving the interests of the big bourgeoisie and aristocratic landlords, which promoted the development of German economy. But his "iron blood" did not stop. 187 1 participated in the suppression of the Paris commune. At home, in order to step up the suppression of the German workers' movement, he promulgated the so-called "Suppression of Social Democratic Party's attempt to endanger social security Act" in 1878. He organized military groups abroad and tried his best to consolidate Germany's hegemonic position in the European continent. At the same time, they plundered colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific and competed with Britain for world hegemony.

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1888, William II ascended the throne, disagreed with Bismarck on many issues, and gradually became disheartened in Bismarck's cruel power struggle. 1890, 75-year-old Bismarck submitted his resignation to William II and officially retired.

1898 83-year-old otto von bismarck died in his hometown manor, and finished his memoir Thinking and Memories in his spare time.

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Bismarck is an important figure in modern German history. As the most famous politician and diplomat of the German Prussian Junk bourgeoisie, he is a representative figure of unifying Germany, and his life is an important historical period of Germany's transition from feudal autocratic society to capitalism and then to a capitalist power. Although Bismarck himself withdrew from the historical stage, his "iron-blooded" policy deeply influenced the later German history.

Edit this passage in the American city of Bismarck.

The capital of North Dakota. Located in the south-central part of the state, on the east bank of the Missouri River. Population is 44,000 (1980). 1872 The residential area built as the base for the construction of the North Pacific Railway adopted the name of then German Chancellor Bismarck as the basis for Germany to invest in the construction of the railway. Founded in 1875, 1889 became the capital. Distribution center of agricultural and livestock products in spring wheat area. The main industries are agricultural machinery manufacturing, petroleum refining and food processing.

German battleship Bismarck during World War II.

The Battleship Bismarck, filmed on the prinz eugen, was one of the most powerful battleships of Nazi German Navy in World War II. It was named after Bismarck, the "bloody prime minister" of Germany. 1935 started construction and 1940 was completed and put into use. The maximum speed is 29 knots, the displacement is 42,000 tons, and the crew 1600 people. There are 8 main guns with 38 1 mm caliber, 150 mm caliber auxiliary guns 12 guns, 104 mm caliber anti-aircraft guns 16 guns, 4 seaplanes with 533 mm caliber and 6 torpedo tubes. The firepower is extremely strong, and the thickest part of its side armor is 320 mm, which exceeds the performance and combat capability of similar British warships at that time and is called "Devil Bismarck" by the British. In World War II, Germany used this ship to attack the Atlantic traffic line. 194 1 was sunk by the British fleet headed by Rodney and King George V at 8: 47 on May 27th. The wreckage of the battleship Bismarck after it sank.

General situation of construction

After World War I, under the strict supervision of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forbidden to build battleships. 1933 when the Nazi dictatorship came to power, the German navy began to secretly develop new battleships. 1935 In March, Hitler announced that he had abandoned the Treaty of Versailles and resumed conscription, and Germany's rearmament officially began. In June of the same year, in order to show that it had no intention to challenge Britain, Germany offered to limit the tonnage of the German navy to 35% of that of the British navy. Britain immediately agreed and signed the Anglo-German Naval Treaty, which lifted the last shackles of the German navy and began to expand its troops. Meanwhile, it can build five replacement ships for old warships. 1936 Construction of "F" class battleships began. The first battleship codenamed "F" in the large-scale expansion plan of the German Navy was the later famous Bismarck, which was the first real battleship built by the German Navy since 19 18. The Anglo-German naval agreement allows German new warships to be equipped with 16 inch main guns, but Germany has no experience in manufacturing such caliber naval guns. The largest caliber naval gun developed by the Germans before this was the 380 mm naval gun during World War I. In order to avoid risks and design difficulties, it was decided to develop a new 380 mm main gun equipped with the battleship Bismarck.

Bismarck class hull is limited by the depth of crossing Kiel Canal. The hull is moderately widened to reduce the draft, and the length-width ratio is 6.67∶ 1. The superstructure is relatively compact, which improves the stability of the hull. Because it is the first time that Germany has built a pure battleship since the defeat of 19 18 in World War I, in order to reduce the risk and ensure the development progress, it is decided to adopt ready-made technology as far as possible, adopt a double-mounted 380 mm caliber naval gun, and the two main turrets are arranged in a piggyback manner. The theoretical firing rate of the main gun is very high, reaching the highest level of battleships at the same time. The armor-piercing projectile of the main gun adopts "high initial velocity light projectile", which has good power in the middle and near engagement distance, but the long-distance landing speed performance is correspondingly reduced. Its armor protection follows the design mode of "incremental armor scheme" (called "total protection"), and its protection scale is the largest among battleships in the same period. The side wall of its main armored fortress covers 70% of the waterline length and 56% of the gunwale, and the total armored weight reaches the largest proportion among battleships in the same period, accounting for 4 1.85% of the standard displacement. In addition, while realizing the large protection scale, the ship relies on the space compensation provided by the large protection scale to arrange the main transverse armor on the third deck, so that it overlaps with the main side armor in ballistics, thus strengthening the protection of key parts of the hull and surpassing the battleships built at the same time.

1936, 1 In July, the battleship Bismarck was at the Bloom-Foces Shipyard in Hamburg Port (B&; 5) formally start construction. Named after the Marquis of otto von bismarck (18 15-1898), Bismarck was called the "Iron Prime Minister" by the Prime Ministers of Prussia and the German Empire. On February 1939, Bismarck was launched. Dorothea, granddaughter of the Duke of Bismarck? Feng? Ms Leuwen Feld was invited to attend the launching ceremony. 1September 5, 940, Bismarck completed the drying project and went to the Baltic Sea for sea trial through the Kiel Canal. 1On August 24th, 940, the battleship Bismarck officially entered the service.

Combat experience

In March of World War II, 194 1, in order to destroy the British maritime lifeline-Atlantic route, the German navy planned a large-scale maritime offensive war called "Rhine exercise". The German navy originally planned to attack from two fronts. The Shane Horst and the Combat Cruiser, which are stationed in the French port of Brost, will set sail in the early stage, destroying British Atlantic shipping and attracting the main force of the Royal Navy fleet. After that, the latest battleship Bismarck will also be put into use, and will take advantage of the opportunity to break into the Atlantic Ocean to carry out the battle. But scharnhorst and Goney Sano couldn't attack because of mistakes and injuries. On May 194 1 day, the battleship Bismarck and the heavy cruiser prinz eugen set sail respectively to perform Rhine exercises.

The information of Bismarck's voyage was quickly obtained by the British navy and its alert was strengthened. On May 24th, it was intercepted by the battleships Hood and Prince of Wales in the Danish Strait. In the naval battle in the Danish Strait, six minutes after the exchange of fire between the two sides, Bismarck hit Hood at a distance of 15000m, and Hood ammunition depot exploded and sank. Five minutes later, the Prince of Wales was injured and withdrew from the battle, while Bismarck was injured by the Prince of Wales, which caused the water inflow speed of a boiler cabin to drop to 28 knots, the fuel tank leaked, the seaplane ejection device was damaged, and it was forced to stop the combat operation and sail for France. The British navy mobilized its main force and decided to sink the Bismarck at all costs. The torpedo bomber taking off from the carrier Victory attacked Bismarck that night. A torpedo hit the midship of Bismarck, but the blasting power was completely absorbed by its TDS (Torpedo Defense System) and did not damage the cabin. "Bismarck" once got rid of the British navy's tracking, but it was rediscovered on the 26th and attacked by swordfish torpedo bombers taking off from the British navy's "Royal Ark" aircraft carrier. A torpedo hit the stern of Bismarck, and the rudder was stuck, forcing Bismarck to keep its course with the propeller speed difference, and the speed was reduced to 7 knots, which won valuable time for the pursuit of the British fleet. On May 27th, the British fleet headed by George V and Rodney caught up with the Bismarck, which was out of control. After several hours of fierce fighting, 10: 40, Bismarck sank in the sea 400 nautical miles west of the French port of Brost. "Bismarck" resisted about 90 British battleship main gun shells and about 3 10 other shells before sinking (only 4 shells penetrated its main armor belt), and suffered 6-8 torpedoes of various types. In addition, it sank two hours after opening the sea valve by itself. Its powerful power and protective performance left a deep impression on the British and was praised by Churchill as "a masterpiece in the history of shipbuilding".

primary data

Standard displacement: Bismarck 4 1700t/ Tirpitz 42300t Full load displacement: designed 49,400t/maximum 52,900t.

Scale: length 25 1m/ width 36m/ profile depth 15m/ designed draft 10.2m/ actual maximum draft10.7m. ..

Power: 65,438+02 HP boiler, 3 steam turbines. Design maximum power138,000 HP, actual stable maximum power 150 170 HP, actual extreme speed maximum power 163026 HP.

Speed: 30.8 knots; 7400 tons of oil, endurance: 8525 nautical miles/19 knots, 9500 nautical miles/16 knots.

Equipment: 8-door double-mounted main guns with 380mm /52 times caliber (48 times caliber according to British standard); 6 pairs 150 mm /55 times caliber sub-guns; 8 pairs 105 mm anti-aircraft guns; 8 pairs of 37 mm anti-aircraft guns; Two quad packs and 12 single-tube 20mm anti-aircraft guns (Tilpitz is 18 quad pack and six single-tube 20mm anti-aircraft guns).

Armor: the main side armor is 320mm；; Double armor deck, the upper armor deck is 50-80mm, and the main armor deck is 80- 120mm (arranged at the third deck position and overlapping with the main armor in ballistic); Main gun turret 130-360mm, gun base 340mm and control tower 350mm; The lightning protection armor is 45 mm The lightning protection system is designed to resist 250kg TNT explosive and actually 300kg German hexanite high explosive. The total weight of armor is 17450 tons (excluding turret rotating parts), and the total weight of hull structure is 1 169 1 ton.

Building materials: hull structure, St52 shipbuilding steel; Front armor, KCn/A surface carburized and hardened steel; Horizontal armor, Wsh high strength homogeneous steel; Lightning protection armor, Ww high elastic homogeneous steel.

Shipborne aircraft: 4 Alado-196 seaplanes (for reconnaissance, calibration and communication).

Crew: 1927. The crew shall be organized into 12 teams, with each team consisting of 180-220 people.