Domestic high-tech zones can be roughly divided into four development models. The first model is the government model, that is, the government sets up a special company to complete the planning and first-level development of the park with government financial resources. Second, the government-enterprise cooperation mode, in which the government controls the industrial orientation and overall planning of the park and entrusts the park development enterprises to develop and attract investment services. The third is the large-scale enterprise model, which is similar to the park development and construction that large enterprises such as Huawei and Foxconn need to do for their own business development. Fourth, the market-oriented development mode, in which development enterprises purchase land from the government, and obtain comprehensive returns of projects through land development, asset operation and corresponding industrial value-added services in the park, such as the construction of Jiaxing Yangtze River Delta Innovation Park by Beike, Qingdao Blue Biomedical Industrial Park and Wuxi Zhongguancun Software Park Taihu Branch.

The best development model of geothermal resources in China

To realize the comprehensive and efficient utilization of geothermal resources, we should follow the principle of paying equal attention to development and protection, formulate scientific geothermal development resources planning, optimize the layout of geothermal wells, take the market-oriented and intensive road by using new technologies, greatly improve the utilization rate of geothermal resources and solve the problem of sustainable development of geothermal resources. Establishing a new exploration and evaluation model of geothermal resources is the premise of geothermal resources planning. Due to the complexity, particularity, uncertainty and subjective operation of geothermal resources, the exploration of geothermal resources has a large investment, long time and high risk, which may cause some geothermal fields and some geothermal wells to be abandoned. Therefore, we should respect the laws of market economy, organically combine market demand with exploration and evaluation of geothermal resources, drive exploration with demand, and form a virtuous cycle of interdependence and mutual promotion. According to the dynamic data, planning and controlling the sub-tank, controlling the total amount and intensity, the water level of geothermal reservoir will drop sharply, forming a funnel area of water level decline, resulting in the shortage of geothermal water resources. Strengthening the dynamic monitoring of geothermal water is the basic means to ensure the sustainable and stable development, scientific management and effective protection of geothermal water, which has the characteristics of wide monitoring area and strong continuity. In the planning of geothermal resources, based on the dynamic monitoring data of geothermal water, it is necessary to break the boundaries of administrative divisions, plan resource control divisions, and carry out rational development and protection, in-depth development and utilization, exploration and research, general survey of geothermal resources and prospective investigation of geothermal resources for different divisions. According to the change of the dynamic water level of geothermal water in the base area, the intensity index of geothermal water exploitation and the total annual exploitation index of geothermal water are formulated in each planning division pool, and the dynamic management is implemented. The important way to popularize intensive new technology, improve geothermal energy utilization rate and solve the problem of sustainable development of geothermal resources is to improve the intensive level of geothermal energy utilization and greatly improve geothermal energy utilization rate. In areas rich in thermal resources, the intensive technology of cascade efficient utilization should be developed to reduce the discharge temperature of geothermal tail water, improve the utilization rate of resources and solve the problem of environmental thermal pollution. The basic principle is that the first step of the mined geothermal water is to be heated by the radiator heating users after heat exchange through the heat exchanger, and the second step is to supply the drainage of the radiator heating system to the floor radiant heating users for heating. Part of the drainage water is extracted between the two steps and used as domestic hot water. The geothermal water discharged from the second stage system enters the heat pump unit to heat up, and then supplies it to the floor radiant heating users for heating. The intensive technology of cascade efficient utilization can improve the utilization rate of geothermal energy to more than 90%. In multi-heat source areas, develop multi-heat source coupling heating intensive technology to solve the contradiction of small load, poor economy and easy waste of resources of each single heat source. The basic principle is that small-flow geothermal water is mixed with other heat sources (such as steam condensate from thermal power plants), which is heated by radiator users, and the backwater is heated in series by floor radiant heating users. The backwater of the floor radiant heating system heats up the heat pump unit and supplies it to the floor radiant heating users for heating. Steam condensate belongs to pure water, which can be reinjected into the ground together with geothermal water to increase geothermal reinjection rate. In poor and hot areas, the development of mixed water sources is linked with the implementation of air conditioning intensive technology to solve the contradiction between single water source and engineering construction demand. The basic principle is: according to local conditions, geothermal water, urban reclaimed water, lake water and other water sources are used as the cold and heat sources of the same water source heat pump air conditioning system, from which cold and heat can be extracted, heating in winter, cooling in summer, and domestic hot water can also be supplied. In addition, according to the different temperature requirements of organisms, the geothermal water heating system is designed for cascade utilization, so that different temperature effects are formed in each greenhouse, and the coupling of biological cascade temperature requirements and geothermal cascade utilization is realized. Develop and transform simultaneously, and constantly optimize the layout. Due to historical reasons, some existing geothermal wells have historical problems, such as unreasonable layout and excessive density of geothermal production wells. It is necessary to carry out technical transformation and structural adjustment in a planned way, constantly optimize the layout, and exchange the maximum benefit with a smaller transformation cost. For geothermal production wells with excessive density, analysis and evaluation should be carried out, and some wells should be transformed into recharge wells, standby wells and monitoring wells to achieve a balance between production and irrigation. For geothermal production wells whose thermal reservoirs are prone to water loss and collapse (such as geothermal wells whose thermal reservoirs are Paleogene), the balance between production and irrigation should be implemented to maintain the pressure of thermal reservoirs, or they should be transformed into bedrock geothermal production wells. Geothermal wells with unreasonable layout and no recharge should be reformed according to local conditions.

Is Agile a Development Model? What are the development models?

Simply put, agile development is a people-centered, iterative and step-by-step development method. In agile development, the construction of software project is divided into several subprojects, and the results of each subproject have been tested, which has the characteristics of integration and execution. In other words, a large project is divided into several interrelated but independent small projects, and the software is always available in the process.

There are many ways to develop the system, and the project manager only needs to decide when to adopt what development method. Waterfall development model is one of the most commonly used development models because it is not only simple and intuitive, but also greatly facilitates the operation of project management.

Waterfall development mode can make it very convenient for the project manager to put the whole project under his control. Waterfall development mode limits the interaction between teams in the development process and is quite convenient to evaluate. Because the development plan is stable and hardly changes frequently, it effectively simplifies the management of project development.

Waterfall development also has some disadvantages. However, when you embark on a new job and just take over the management of a new team, you get a solution that supports the waterfall development model, which allows you to quickly enter the role and start working, thus preparing for a higher-level development model in the future.

Waterfall development process is particularly popular in government projects. In such a software development project, the planning stage exceeds the time and intensity of most enterprise deployment stages. Other users who adopt this method include those who have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of software projects, and the related solutions are very familiar to the team, or only need minor changes.

Government-owned new urban development model?

Government ownership mainly refers to the government's development through wholly state-owned development companies or newly established wholly state-owned development companies. This model can well control the development progress and ensure that the government's interests will not be lost, but it needs the government's investment and financing ability. If the government's own financial strength is not strong, it will not only fail to guarantee the development progress, but even bring financial burden to the government.

How to choose the difference between native development modes of Web APP and Native APP, and the comparison of app development modes.

NativeApp development

Native APP development is what we call the traditional App development model (native app development model). This development needs to adopt different languages and frameworks for different mobile operating systems such as IOS and Android. This model is usually composed of "cloud server data +APP application client", and all UI elements, data content and logical framework of APP application are installed on the mobile terminal.

WebApp development

Web App development is a framework-based App development model (HTML5 APP framework development model), which has the advantage of cross-platform. This model usually consists of "HTML5 cloud website +APP application client". APP application client only needs to install the framework part of the application. Every time the app is opened, the application data is presented to the mobile phone user from the cloud.

Local application development and Web

The difference between application development modes

net

APP needs to develop "5 Cloud Website" and "APP Client". Kunming Tiandu Network Company concluded that this kind of APP application has the following characteristics:

(1) Every time you open the APP, you must get the UI and information from the cloud website through the APP framework;

(2) If mobile phone users can't access the Internet, they can't access the information in the APP application.

(3) The framed APP cannot call the hardware devices of the mobile phone terminal (voice, camera, SMS, GPS, Bluetooth, gravity sensing, etc.). ).

(4) The access speed of the framed APP is limited by the mobile phone terminal's access to the Internet, which will consume a certain amount of mobile phone access traffic every time it is used;

(5) The installation package of framed APP application is very small, only containing frame files, and a large number of UI elements and data contents have just been stored in the cloud;

(6)APP users can access the latest real-time cloud data every time;

(7)APP users do not need to update the app frequently, so as to realize real-time data interaction with the cloud;

Applicable enterprises: e-commerce, finance, news and information, and APP applications that enterprise groups need to update frequently.

local

App (native APP) needs to develop "cloud server data center" and "APP client". Kunming Tiandu Network Company concluded that this kind of APP application has the following characteristics:

(1) Every time you get the latest APP function, you need to upgrade the APP application;

(The installation package of native APP application is relatively large, including UI elements, data content and logical framework;

(3) Mobile phone users can access the previously downloaded materials in the APP application without surfing the Internet.

(native APP can call the hardware devices of the mobile phone terminal (voice, camera, SMS, GPS, Bluetooth, gravity sensing, etc.). ).

(5)APP application updates new functions, which involves submitting an audit to each app store every time.

Applicable enterprises: games, e-magazines, management applications, Internet of Things and other APP applications that do not need to update the program framework frequently.

How to choose a web page?

Application and native application development model

Mobile Web is ubiquitous, and it is the only platform that supports all kinds of devices to access. Like the desktop Web, the mobile Web supports various standard protocols. Mobile Web is also the only platform for developers to publish mobile applications, which effectively connects various mobile interactions with desktop tasks. And develop native land

App can make full use of the characteristics of the device, which is often impossible for web browsers, so for a product itself, Native App is the best choice. The following sections will discuss this machine.

Some main functions of the App.

When should I choose Native?

app; application

1. Application fee

There is no rule anywhere that developers can't work on mobile networks.

App is charged a usage fee, but for some reasons, people often think that a Web App can't or shouldn't be charged. Due to historical reasons, paid services on mobile devices have encountered two major obstacles:

2. Payment method

It is quite troublesome to enter the credit card number on mobile devices, and many old devices have no security guarantee. Typically, if your application needs to be charged, you can reach an agreement with the operator to let the operator charge the service fee on your behalf. This also means that you need to reach cooperation with multiple operators. This is usually the first choice, because many mobile phone users may not have credit cards at all, such as teenagers.

Another method is to store the user's credit card information on a secure website. Users can purchase application services by logging in to the website. This process is not particularly ideal, because it means that users cannot directly purchase services through their mobile devices.

Step 3 force sharing

Mobile operators will receive commissions. Whether the App is released through operators or mobile devices, it provides a charging mechanism for the app. These operators and mobile devices will extract some revenue and then hand over the rest to application developers, which means that developers must abide by their market rules. It is usually difficult to adapt to the market rules of operators, which requires a lot of human resources. In contrast, the market rules of mobile devices are much simpler, but there are also many difficulties.

Applications and services that hinder the interests of operators and mobile device developers will be blocked. In the past, websites that were not run by operators and mobile device developers could not escape the fate of being closed if their income was too conspicuous, but recently, such things rarely happened.

If you want to do something for your country.

App charges, then you must accept this reality-you must abide by other people's market rules and give up some benefits.

Development game

If you want to develop a mobile game (mobile game is the biggest piece in the mobile market), then you need to develop a native one.

Applications. Games occupy a lot of resources and need to use many device APIs or platform APIs. Although several games are completely developed by Web technology and occupy a certain market share, they are different from Native.

Compared with the market share of App, it is still negligible. Game users have high requirements for the visual and operational effects of the application. Although the mobile Web provides some simulation experiences, it is still far from meeting the needs of users.

When developing mobile games, you need to carefully consider which platforms your application needs to support. Fortunately, there are many tools that can help you push the game to multiple platforms, but it still takes a lot of manpower and material resources to complete these tasks.

5. Use the positioning function

The next function is the positioning function, which can determine the user's current location information through GPS or signal detection. Previously, it was only through Native.

App's API looks at users' location information, but now W3C geolocation is embedded in most mainstream mobile browsers.

API. Devices with WebKit installed, such as iPhone or Android, or devices with Opera or Mozilla browsers, can get the location information of users.

I believe that location function will bring many new applications to network technology. If the web browser can be used reasonably, web developers can develop more interesting applications by using the user's location information and other content. Although this is not technically difficult, it is limited by privacy protection regulations. We regard the web browser as a user who enters the world.

extensive

The entrance to the network. Adding location function means introducing some sensitive information into the website, which may lead to serious consequences. However, the location information displayed in the location-aware application must be authorized by the user, and the user certainly has the right to prohibit the application from publishing its own location information.

Use a camera

Cameras can provide rich possibilities for your application. In the past, mobile MMS (multimedia message)

Service) is used to process moving photos. In other words, after you take a photo, you need to use MMS to send it to a server, and the server will process the photo accordingly and inform you of the finished result. This process is very time-consuming and complicated, and its reliability is not guaranteed.

By accessing the camera, this machine

App developers can simplify the process of taking pictures. Users can do some simple processing on photos directly at the client, upload photos to the server only when necessary, and transmit them through reliable HTTP. W3C is developing an API to access the camera, but it has not been formally integrated into the browser.

In many types of mobile apps, cameras are very useful, such as snapshot applications, short film shooting applications and so on. Cameras can be used to capture many important moments. In the near future, we can see that this technology has been popularized in Japan-as long as a logo is photographed with a camera, the application can automatically complete the language conversion on the logo.

Using sensors

Nowadays, more and more mobile devices have joined the sensor function, which can sense the physical speed and gravity of the device and send the sensed data results to the device. This device is usually used to sense whether the settings are turned over, and the application will automatically adjust the direction of the screen according to the received information.

Sensors can be used to help users improve the sense of reality when interacting with devices; Most mobile devices are handheld, and applications can adjust the content screen according to the direction of the device, such as flipping the screen or detecting physical movement, and can guess the user's environment accordingly. For a simple example, if the user is walking, the sensor can detect slow movement or speed, which can provide the user with a large font user interface, thus making it easier for the user to see the contents on the screen.

However, developers can't rely too much on sensors, because sensors can't tell which interactions are intentional and which are meaningless. Every mobile interaction needs to pass the "transmission test". When designing your interaction, you must consider the scene of the user in a crowded car or train. Consider whether your application can correctly handle the user shaking the mobile device if the user is in a crowded subway or driving. Usually, most developers don't consider these factors. Be sure to design a backup plan for each task to cope with mobile interaction in special scenarios.

8. Access to the file system

If your application needs to store data locally, you need to develop a local one.

Application. For example, you want to store a user's address book, phone number or email information, or store data obtained from other devices.

Access to the file system usually involves security and user privacy protection. Malicious applications may modify or delete data on your mobile device. Applications carrying viruses can spread viruses to many other mobile phones through the network on mobile devices. This kind of thing often happened before the mobile application authentication mechanism was adopted.

On the other hand, mobile devices are becoming more and more private, and a large number of users' personal information, as well as users' friend information and business information are stored on mobile devices. It's a good idea to develop applications for this private information. However, there are also some risks. Using data stored on mobile devices can provide users with more targeted services.

Developers must remember that users' private data can only be accessed after obtaining their authorization. We see that many applications use a large number of users' private data without users' authorization, and are mistaken for spam or phishing applications, although these applications are originally providing some very useful services. People's misunderstanding of your application will affect the promotion of your service. If the operator receives too many complaints about your application, your service may be terminated, and even other applications will be implicated.

When accessing the file system, it is very important not to access any user's private data without the user's authorization. This is often overlooked by most applications. W3C is developing relevant standard API for mobile developers, but the work is not yet finished.

9. Offline users

The last one needs to develop the native.

The reason for this application is that the user may be offline or unable to access the mobile network. This situation may rarely happen in cities, and even in rural areas, network coverage is gradually becoming popular. However, short-term network disconnection still happens from time to time, and your application should consider how to deal with this situation.

Think about when and where users usually use your application. If it is a mobile game, then users are likely to use this App on the plane. Tracking map applications are usually used in remote areas with poor network coverage. Mobile travel guides often visit foreign networks and often need to pay roaming and international network fees. At this time, it is best for the application to provide offline services for users, so as to ensure that users can still enjoy the same services without accessing the network.

Now browsers that support HTML5 can also access offline, but it may not be obvious to users. As more and more browsers begin to support offline access, applications need to clearly tell users that they can still access the mobile Web when the network connection is disconnected.

Application program.

local

Applications usually assume that the network connection is reliable. App usually only considers the network in good condition, and takes it for granted that the network is closed and the network speed is fast enough. It is not uncommon for mobile devices to suddenly enter a bad network environment from a good network environment. local

Applications should be tested under the worst network conditions. For example, a user may still have complete signal coverage when starting a task, but there may be no network signal at the end of the task.

The user is installing this machine.

App, regardless of online access or offline access-what they expect is that the native app can work normally under any circumstances. And this is also the responsibility of the developer.

When should I choose the Internet?

app; application

As long as your Application does not meet one of the conditions mentioned above, then you don't need to develop a native app.

App, but should choose to develop a Web App. As mentioned in the previous article, I am a supporter of native App, and I think it is native.

App has many excellent functions and huge market potential, but Web Apps is the only lasting platform for developing mobile content, services and applications.

local

App obviously can't provide better service for users; On the contrary, it will increase the cost of the project, reduce the channels of application distribution, increase the complexity of app upgrade, weaken the developer's control over the application and profit, and may also bring trouble to the equipment. local

App can bring short-term benefits to developers, but it is risky and may even affect the sustainable development of the mobile market.

The advantages of mobile Web App have been mentioned in previous articles. If the function mentioned above is to encourage you to choose native.

The only reason for App, then if you can cover these obstacles on your mobile browser, will you still insist on choosing native?

What about the App? Palm's webOS has solved some of the above problems. They built a fully mobile operating system based on WebKit, and turned the mobile phone into a web browser. The so-called "native"

Apps "is actually a Web Apps.

PhoneGap is a similar project, which is an open source project to help developers develop Native on iPhone, Android and BlackBerry devices.

Application, and can simulate the functions on the device (such as location function and file system) for the Web.

Application call. These codes can be published and sold in app stores of various devices, but the common codes and designs they use can be shared. Because of the development of the internet.

App, developers can develop simplified applications for low-end mobile browsers. It only needs to be developed once and can be deployed on multiple platforms.

For programmers with rich experience in mobile development, when it comes to "developing a functional application", the first thing that comes to mind may be Native.

Applications. Although this idea still applies to many devices, there are enough functional interfaces for developers to call on mobile Web applications. This makes Web App not only like Native.

App has also designed rich functions and beautiful interface, and can be migrated on various platforms without even modifying a line of code.

Now in the development of mobile devices, mobile networks

App innovation has entered an unprecedented climax. But more importantly, for the first time in history, mobile device developers decided to jointly develop a mobile Web development standard, just like the standard on the desktop Web. Not only that, those who support mobile networks

Devices with innovative application functions or mobile devices supporting third-party browsers are welcomed by consumers.

Although the HTML5 standard has just been agreed, it does not mean that Web App has obvious advantages. At this stage, it is too early to decide which one can represent the future, Web App or Native App. Because both have their own obvious advantages and disadvantages. Web App is updated quickly, and there is no need to update the version every time like Native App. ...

Mainly the differences in development languages. WEB APP adopts html 5；; Native APP uses native language, Android uses JAVA language, and IOS uses OC language.

The cross-platform characteristics of HTML5 and the high efficiency of WEB development doomed the development cycle and cost of WEB APP to be much lower than that of native development.

From the perspective of user experience, since most of the frame material files are stored locally, NATIVE APP is the best for online loading or offline reading.

NATIVE APP is also the most advantageous in terms of post-expansion and upgrading and design underlying development.

The above is a brief summary, I hope it will help you!