In Confucius' view, "benevolence" is mainly the standard of being a man. & lt Wen said, "Benevolence is also a relative." (Note to the Doctrine of the Mean): "Everyone is benevolent, and the pro is great." Confucius said that "the benevolent loves others" is actually to develop this kind of "kissing" heart that originally existed in blood relationship into universal kindness and love between people. He emphasized that we should not "violate benevolence" because of "being rich and expensive" or "being poor and cheap", and advocated "being killed and being benevolent", which is obviously the highest moral standard of being a man. In Mencius' view, "benevolence" is mainly the standard of good governance. He advocated "benevolent government" and "kingly way", in fact, he advocated ruling the country and leveling the world with kindness, and evolved "loving the people" into "loving the people", thus forming his "people-oriented" thought. His emphasis on "being the parents of the people", "sharing weal and woe with the people", "getting more help, getting less help" and "valuing the people over the monarch" is obviously advocating "loving the people" as the highest political criterion.

It is not difficult to see that whether Confucius talks about life or Mencius talks about politics, it is based on "benevolence". From being a man to governing the country, benevolence comes down in one continuous line, which is the core of Confucius and Mencius' benevolence thought. The focus of this benevolence study is people, and it is people's mind and morality, so Confucius and Mencius attached great importance to personality cultivation from beginning to end. Confucius advocated "studious" and Mencius advocated "nourishing qi", which are all manifestations of attaching importance to personality cultivation. Among these twelve quotations, not only benevolence, charity, benevolent government and loving the people are all about personality cultivation, but also some others, such as Confucius's "A threesome must have my teacher", "A pine and cypress wither" and "a fitness trip", and Mencius's "Born in sorrow and died in happiness" are all about personality cultivation. It can be said that in paying attention to and emphasizing personality cultivation, the essence of Confucius and Mencius is more concentrated.

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