& gt Yan Song (A.D. 1480- 1567), with a moderate word, was pleasant in Jiangxi and listed as a traitor. Under the "traitor", there are "stealing power, insurrection, shaking the Sect, killing loyalty, and being evil." A lifelong thief will be notorious and dare not quit. This is the verdict of the experts in the biography of treacherous court official, and unfortunately it falls into a trap. But the official history of Jiajing Dynasty, Yan Song should not be included in the biography of treacherous court official. However, the public has made a decision. Yan Song, a generation of celebrities, should be re-recognized, whether he is a traitor, a saint or a mediocrity. & gt& gt I. On Yan Song's Stolen Handle >> In the 13th year of Hongwu (A.D. 1380), the prime minister system that existed in China for 1500 years was abolished. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that Emperor Chengzu established a cabinet, but the Cabinet University was not an administrative official. Sejong was diligent in his early days in power, even though he did not go to court from the 18th year of Jiajing (AD 1539). >> there has never been the dictatorship of a powerful minister. "Biography of Yan Song in Ming Dynasty" records that after Yan Song became the first record, "although the emperor was very pro-ceremonial, he didn't believe all his words, and sometimes he acted arbitrarily or showed differences in order to kill him." This shows that although Sejong lives in Oita, he is still very persistent in imperial power. Therefore, it is impossible for Sejong Dynasty to have any "powerful ministers" to "steal the handle". Another example is Zhao Shanzheng's "Bin Tuilu" (Volume 4), which states that Ouyang Bijin (Douchayuan Zuodu Yushi) and Yan Song are children's in-laws, and Song wants to arrange for him to enter the official department. After Song's pleading, Sejong only let Ouyang be the official minister for half a year. Yan Song has worked so hard to arrange her children's parents-in-law, how can she still talk about managing state affairs and cronyism? From this point of view, it is just groundless to say that Yan Song "stole state affairs"! & gt& gt Second, the relationship between Yan Song and Sejong >> Sejong is an extremely difficult emperor to serve. Sejong is suspicious, suspicious and murderous. Not only that, he is indifferent to others, but also heartless to his wife and children, maids and servants, so that a group of weak women in the palace want to strangle him. This is the "change of ladies-in-waiting" that happened in October in the twenty-first year of Jiajing (A.D. 1542). & gt& gt Zhang Cong, who was highly valued by Sejong for his "big discussion ceremony", recorded in "A Dream in the Spring": "I have counted all cabinet officials, but not many can die well. Covert places are easy to be suspected, and the responsibility of endorsement is easy to attract discussion. Not a way to protect each other. " These words mean that the records should take responsibility for the emperor's faults and be willing to be scapegoats. Yan Song served as the records of fifteen years, and it was not easy to get along with a violent and murderous emperor for so long. Sejong's worship of Taoism, praise of metaphysics and dedication of Qing Ci are almost the requirements of being a cabinet minister, so "flattery" is the * * * characteristic of cabinet ministers, and Yan Song is not necessarily more flattering than other cabinet ministers. For example, after the change of maids, Sejong took refuge in Xiyuan, and a fire broke out in Yongshou Palace. Sejong wanted to rebuild the palace. Considering Sejong's long-term neglect of North Korea, Yan Song did not agree to rebuild the palace because it would cost huge wealth. Another cabinet minister, Jeff, urged reconstruction. In this respect, people at that time were "quite good at listening to the correct songs, but they were a little ignorant of the order" (Lu Zheng in Xi 'an 16). Here is the other side of Yan Song's stereotype. Sejong should know this floor very well. Therefore, Sejong also praised Yan Song, such as giving Yan Song the silver seal of "loyalty, diligence and sensitivity", giving him the title of "six benefits of Han Qiong", offering the title of "Yan En Tang" in Xuantang and giving him the title of "Zhong Bi". Even when he was appointed as an official, Sejong still said in the imperial edict that "Song should be cautious, loyal and cautious", and the treatment after his appointment as an official was superior to other records. "When he was appointed as an official, he still sent Chiyi to help Mi Lu Baishi" (World Temple Knowledge Record, Volume 22). This also shows that Yan Song can serve his master wholeheartedly, and only by not having second thoughts can he win the kindness of this ungrateful monarch. & gt& gt Then, it is inconceivable to insist that Yan Song is a traitor. & gt& gt III. On Yan Song's greed >> Yan Song's "greed" is one of the reasons for his notoriety. & gt& gt Wang Zongmao said in "Correcting the Mistakes of State Assistant Ministers": "If you dare to harass the official department, you will choose 20 officers, 320 for the state, 520 for the general, and the world-famous area ... If you choose the right army department, you need more than 10 for each election, with 320 in charge and 720 in command ... from the commander to the company commander ... Originally, I wanted to move to my hometown, but all my other possessions were played well. But when I heard about the decoration, the family asked to check the gold and silver utensils to keep a record of the quantity. There are dozens of tables in the front row, and Song is sitting in the back, which is more and more strange. However, seeing the number of tables in front increased and the chairs in the back retreated, there was no place to put them. I don't know the number of covers. " & gt& gt Zou Yinglong's "Corrupt officials dominate the monarch and bring disaster to the country and the people" says: "Song and his son were originally from Yuanzhou, but they widely bought fertile land and beautiful houses in Ning and Yang, and they didn't worry about dozens of them, so they took them as winter servants. Restrain encroachment and public grievances. " & gt& gt "The Chronicle of the Late Ming Dynasty: Yan Song used things" said: "Yongshou * * * and Wang Shu competed for each other and offered a bribe of 3,000 platinum." & gt& gt Zhao Shanzheng's "Bin Tuilu" said: "Yan Shifan's family has a gold account and hates gold ... and some things, such as gold dipping equipment. The ruler thought it was invisible and ordered it to be reported in gold. " & gt& gt Yan Song's greed, specious and indistinguishable records abound in the official history. & gt& gt How much property did Yan Song have at home when he was detained? "Records of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty" Jiajing said in March 44: "There are 32,962 gold coins, 227,920 silver coins, 857 jade cups and plates, more than 200 jade belts, more than 120 gold boxes and jade belts, 33 gold boxes and jade belts, more than 2,800 gold boxes and chopsticks, and five dragon egg pots. & gt Chen Hongmo's Story of the Afterlife says: "When Yan Song was born, gold and silver, jewelry, calligraphy and painting were all produced, and the estimated silver was 2,359,247 yuan. Zhili also visited Beijing's real estate according to Sun Piyang, an imperial envoy, and this number will not decrease. ">& gt Sejong ordered that half of the lost property be used to pay for the border and half be put into the state treasury. At that time, only100000 was put into storage. Sejong asked, "After the prisoner was sentenced in March, it has been more than October, and the property has not yet arrived and has not yet been seen. Is it that the property is not at home, the state has not received it, and the people have not returned it? What is the result? " (A Record of Ming Shizong (Volume 5 19)) It was Xu Jie's record that presided over the book at that time. Xu Jie is deliberately false, in order to enlarge the sins of Yan Song and his son? According to historical records, there are, and even The Records of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty edited by Xu Jie can hardly conceal its authenticity. Yan's huge wealth was neither nationalized nor lost by the state. Does this mean that it doesn't exist at all, but it is maliciously exaggerated by his political opponent Xu Jie! If Yan Song's greed is "so", then we can't help but doubt and accuse the truth of strict greed. & gt& gt Yan Song has a reputation for greed, while Xu Jie has a reputation for meanness. As an honest official, Xu Jie owns 400,000 mu of land and real estate. Although it is impossible to count the wealth of Xu Jie, the then Governor Ying Tian also said, "The number of industries is amazing. "("Four Friends "volume 13) Harry received complaints from many farmers, accusing Xu Jie of occupying farmland and monopolizing production, and ordered Xu to" return more than half ",otherwise the case would not be closed. At that time, Xu Jie Shi Zhi lived at home, worried that DaiVi Yu's fame could not return some land to farmers, so he secretly bribed Dai Fengxiang, impeached Harry's "fish gentry", dismissed Harry from office, and saved his huge land. According to the biography of Yan Gongsong, a great scholar, Yan Song was born in a small family, and "his father was just a petty official"; In the same book "The Great Scholar's Biography", it is said that Xu Jie's family "worked hard from generation to generation, never served as an official, and was sheltered by their parents to supplement their official positions. "This shows that when they started, their property was the same. Yan Song served as the records of 15 years, and Xu Jie only served as the records of 6 years, but the land property was 15 times that of Yan family! Compared with real estate, it is obvious who is greedy and who is cheap! & gt& gt Fourth, Yan Song is a man >> Qian Shichao said in a poem: "When I first entered the Ci source, I became famous only by my talent. I lived in the East Hall of Qian Shan for seven years, but I devoted myself to saving things and making friends. Yong Yang, for example, is famous all over the world for cultivating his generation, hoping to return to it with public assistance. "This shows that Yan Song is quite cultured, and his poems are elegant, fresh and unpretentious. Li Mengyang once said: "Yan Weizhong is the best among the current Hanlin bachelor's degree. "(Excerpt from Four Friends Zhai Cong) Sejong will certainly appreciate writing green ci with such literary grace. "Yan Song Biography of Ming History" said that Yan "has no other talents, only obsequiousness, and stealing power is useless. "It seems that this is also a lie. In addition, Yan Song also has a sense of propriety. The "Crime Records" only reads: "Lin is new here, and he is inspected according to his crimes; Song servant broke the law and was punished according to his crime. As soon as he entered the capital, Song respected him very much, and he could also respect this wise man. "Restraint family, take care of the sense of honor, and Xu Jie longitudinal evil children across a village, is really a world apart. & gt& gt Yan Song attaches great importance to selecting talents to serve the country. Tang Shunzhi's Biography of Poems of Past Dynasties: "If you follow learning, you can see everything. If you are big, you can observe astronomical music. If you are very young, you can't help studying it carefully. Now he has divided his knowledge and practice, moved to Huaihai and died. It can be said that people with lofty ideals! " In the same book, Biography of Yin Geng: "Fenyi can use Angel and Hu Zanzong, whose knowledge is beyond others' reach. Jing wong, who was a university student in, said in "Only Doubt on National History": "In Xu Huating's language, Zhang Xianghui (Yue) said:' Yan spent twenty years in the country, and he didn't spend a penny to build lots, but only respected the ears of the public to finish his life'. I still let the sage complete his reputation, knowing that this old man is not completely poisonous! Yan Song is gentle, good at poetry, and a masterpiece of celebrities. Sometimes he can restrain his feelings and praise him. He has compassion and forgiveness. "A few decades later, jing wong passed Yuan Zhou, and also heard the local people's affection and nostalgia for Yan, especially what the political opponents said privately, and they all knew each other. Does it mean that Yan Song still has a personality charm? This is worth pondering by historians. & gt& gt Biography of Hu Zan's Poems in Past Dynasties: "I have lived at home for several years, but I have a prison for poetry cases. Wang Lian, the head of the household department, made a bad idea in Henan, and wrote a letter to Zanzong, which contained the words of "Tian Mu and Zhu Xiang" and Zanzong "enjoyed smelling Chu". The temple was furious and was sent to prison. Yan Fenyi and Tao Gongcheng tried their best to save it, but it was also a way. "In the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing, Zhu Guozhen (Memorabilia of Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, Volume 32) recorded that Luo Zhi became a great monarch because of framing Wang Lian, involving more than 1 10 people." It was timely and unexpected. Yan Song, a great scholar, applied, and his anger was less than that. "This commendable thing is missing in the Biography of Yan Song in the Ming Dynasty. Contact Yan Song once saved Xia Yan, Ding Rukui, etc. This shows that the old man has nothing to do with this matter. Compared with Xu Jie's whole death of Qiu Luan and Zhang Jing, Luo Zhi's "Yan Dang" killed Hu Zongxian and framed Yan Shifan's death as "treason" and so on. & gt& gt Yan Song in the Ming Dynasty contains some family affairs of Yan Song, such as "Ouyang, the wife of Song, is very virtuous, well-managed and especially strict in managing the world, and Song also respects guests without a maid. "Shen Defu's" Living in a country is different from living in an official country ":"Being strict and suitable is greatly polluted by the world, while being virtuous and living in a country is very thick, and his wife Ouyang Youshan gives alms, which is still recited by Yuan people. Yan Song's reputation in his hometown is also described in Zhu Guozhen's "Architectural Essays": "Tan thinks that what is suitable is evil, which is rare in ancient and modern times. As Jiang's right-hand man, he is still thoughtful. >> Yuan people, in particular, have all been kissed. It can be seen that public opinion is divided. "Visible Yan Song honor was falsely accused by the Royal Spectrum! & gt& gt V. On Yan Song's Killing Loyalty >> After Yan Song entered the cabinet, many ministers impeached him. Some of these ministers were executed or dismissed, among which Shen Lian and Yang Jisheng were the most influential in history. & gt& gt Shen Lian, a scholar in the 17th year of Jiajing, wrote in Biography of the Ming Dynasty: "Being good for integrity and evil for resentment are quite wild. "However, there is no record of Shen Lian's talent in the biography. Shen Lian and his boss Liu Bing are both very good. They are very close to Yan Shifan. Shen Lian is addicted to alcohol. " A few people drink the world, and the world abuses customers with wine. This is different. "Obviously, Shen Lian's narrow-minded character is caused by trivial matters. Yan Song once said that Shen Lian was not a good man, but this word reached Shen Lian's ears. He was afraid of no future. In the 30th year of Jiajing (A.D. 155 1), in the first month, Yan Song was disintegrated. In my spare time, I made a list of Yan Song's top ten crimes. Sejong finished playing hydrophobic, "great anger, imperial staff, pawn. "Shen Lian is restless in Baoan and often scolds his father and son; Unreasonable locals also "strive for quick training, and the training is also big, and they are together with Song and his son. "It seems that this kind of" game "is not the work of a gentleman. Shen Lian often quarreled with local authorities and was killed by Governor Yang Shun. Those who oppose Yan Song claim that Yan Song ordered Shen Lian to be killed, which is also unfounded in history, and Yang Shun is not a Song Party. Yan Song's top ten indictments are listed, while Xu Xuemo thinks that "several indictments are false" (Records of the Knowledge of the World Temple (volume 15). Tan Qian said in Guo Que: "Shen Chunfu resented and rebelled against Hu. In autumn, he glared at Yan Jia, stiff and complacent. Immersed in the wilderness, why not be complacent? As for spreading the evil of the imperial capital, it is especially important to ask for a sword. " It can be seen that Shen Lian's death is entirely caused by his weakness in character, and has nothing to do with loyalty and betrayal! & gt& gt Yang Jisheng, a scholar in the 26th year of Jiajing, is said to have studied temperament in Ming history, but he was not very good at it. In imperial academy, he was Xu Jie's protege; It's still close to Tang Shunzhi. Yang Jisheng's personality is very similar to that of Shen Lian. Here, I might as well quote a letter to Yang: "The deacon hero is also ... quite generous, and his inspiration is too strong, but he is not good at it ..." ("Collected Works of Mr. Jingchuan", Volume 6) This is a hint of Yang's personality weakness and lack of knowledge. In the thirty-second year of Jiajing, he published "Please Punish Thieves and Ministers", listing the ten major sins and five major traitors in Song Dynasty. Most of Yang's accusations are empty and unfounded, which is no different from Shen Shu's. Yan Song, for example, has not managed the country well. In fact, many things that Yan Song did were done according to his wishes. Another example is: "Chasong's treacherous court official, or called Yu Erjing"; This is undoubtedly Sejong in a daze. So "the emperor has been angry when he is away ... and he has successfully sent the imperial edict to the prison, so he has led two kings at least ... the prison, which is a great punishment for conviction." After Yang resigned, Song repeatedly asked for a rest, and Sejong repeatedly retained him, saying that Yang "took credit for selling straight" and resigned for him. Sparse writing is very vague, indicating that there is no talent and no knowledge. Therefore, it is absurd to say that he will die or that Song did something about Yang's death. & gt& gt There is a meaningful saying in The Record of Original Sins, "However, if you are in office for a long time, you must be self-sufficient and do everything. After Song Cheng's "Xia Yan", he dared not have a yes or no, and sometimes he found both ways and quoted him directly; The supreme will wants to kill, and nothing can stop it ... then whoever wants to kill the righteous will compete in the world. " Yan Song's Cheats of Killing Loyalty and Loyalty are all in the book. Yan Song's notoriety is widely spread, and his novels and legendary operas are indispensable. Shen's first visit to a teacher (observing the wonders of ancient times) was framed by the Song Dynasty, as well as operas such as Ji, A handful of snow, Zhao, Crazy Drum Officer and Teacher's Watch, which were framed by the Song Dynasty and played repeatedly among the people, just confirmed Goebbels' famous saying: rumors become facts after repeated times. & gt& gt At the beginning of Sejong, there were a lot of innovations in the century-old abuses and state affairs. This also made the court politics look brand-new, and its greatest achievement was the decisive abolition of the officials guarding the Middle-earth. As the Biography of Zhong Zhang in the Ming Dynasty said: "(Sejong) withdrew all the officials guarding the inner ministers and the palaces and halls, and they were no longer set up at the end of forty years, so the trend of the inner ministers was just a cloud killing in the Jiajing Dynasty." Ten years after Jiajing, the "one whip" method was implemented, the tax was changed, and the social economy developed greatly. If in the early years of Jiajing, Xiang Jun had the power to make a difference, how could Yan Song, who had followed Sejong for so many years, not succeed? & gt& gt He said, "Bad is better than bad. It's that a gentleman lives in filth and all the sins in the world are returned to him. " (The Analects of Confucius, Zhang Zi) The evil living in low places and the "good" living in high places are behind the brushwork of historians, not to mention loyalty and treachery! Therefore, reading history does not need to be read with "history", but interpreted with "culture"! Isn't its cultural significance more valuable than its historical significance?