Such as Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, were the best successors carefully selected by the last emperor before his death. Jiaqing is the heir of Emperor Qianlong and the fifth emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. Looking through the official history of the Qing dynasty, I can't find any records about Jiaqing's dissolute, greedy, fatuous and insidious behavior; I searched unofficial history in the Qing Dynasty, but I couldn't find anything about him. It is such a staid personality, diligent in politics, frugal in life and generous to others, but he has become the most distinctive and individual emperor among the twelve emperors in the Qing Dynasty. Jiaqing, who has made no achievements in governing the country, is marked by lack of skills and mediocrity. Then, why did Qianlong pass on the throne to him and entrust him with such a huge empire? Qianlong had seventeen sons in his life, and Jiaqing Emperor Qin Yong ranked 15th. According to the principle of succession to the throne in Qing Dynasty, Yan Yong, a concubine of lower rank, had almost no possibility of inheriting unification. Gan Long didn't take him into consideration at first. But God always seems to have a problem with Qianlong. Di's second son and seventh son Yong Cong died young one after another, while most other princes died young. By the time Yan Yong was born, eight of his fourteen brothers had died, and even his fifth son, Yong Qi, who was deeply loved by Qianlong, died young a few years later. Among the princes, the range of choices for Qianlong became very small. Therefore, Emperor Qianlong had to give up his ancestral system and choose Chu Jun from the remaining young and concubined Wang Zizhong. The 11th son of Qin Shihuang, Yong Xun, and the 15th son, Yan Yong, became the best among the few sons of Emperor Qianlong. Yong Xun is extremely clever and has a strong opinion of doing things; Yan Yong is introverted, dignified and conscientious. In the case of the declining national strength of the Qing Dynasty, it should be the most appropriate for Yong Xun, a prince with distinctive personality and strong opinions, to inherit the throne. But in fact, Qianlong passed the throne to Yan Yong. When choosing a successor, Qianlong followed the principle that the successor must undoubtedly obey his will, inherit his policies to the letter, spare no effort to safeguard his authority and maintain the prosperous times created since Kangxi. Yan Yong was honest, well-behaved, and attached importance to benevolence and filial piety. He always listens to Qianlong, which is undoubtedly the most in line with the criteria for Emperor Qianlong to choose his successor. Anyone with a discerning eye in North Korea can see Ganlong's attitude and intention towards Yan Yong. Even the North Korean envoys who came to Beijing at that time reported to korean king many times: "Yan Yong is a conscientious and open-minded person, and he is most loved by Emperor Qianlong." In fact, the main and fundamental reason why Emperor Qianlong chose Yan Yong as his successor was that he didn't want to delegate power. Although Emperor Qianlong once vowed to return to power at the age of 80, and "at the age of 60, I dare not equal the number of years of the emperor's ancestors", when he was old and groggy, he became more and more important to the supreme imperial power than his own life, and refused to give up the slightest bit, even if the person who shared the soup with him was his own son. How to "retreat but not advance" and how to continue to control the state affairs in his lifetime are the most concerned things of Emperor Qianlong in his later years. To do this, we can only choose a successor who abides by benevolence, filial piety, honesty and obedience, and Yan Yong is such a person. Sure enough, while passing on the throne, Gan Long clearly announced: "Any major military incident or employment problem must not be ignored, and it must still be handled by itself." After abdication, Qianlong still called himself "I" and his imperial edict was called "imperial edict"; He said methodically to the North Korean envoys who came to pay tribute: "Although I belong to the government, I still do the big things!" ; He has lived in hall of mental cultivation for 60 years on the pretext that it is the only "safe and auspicious" place for him to convene ministers, but he refuses to move out anyway. In order to limit Jiaqing, he once staged a farce of "passing the position without passing the seal"; Originally, after Jiaqing acceded to the throne, the Jiaqing new calendar was used uniformly throughout the country, but the Qianlong year number was still used in the court, such as Qianlong 6 1 and Qianlong 62; After the new emperor ascended the throne, the coin should be changed to "Jiaqing Bao Tong", but Bao Tong, who was named as Qianlong and Jiaqing, was cast in two ... Jiaqing, who is famous for his benevolence and filial piety, can only be a puppet for several years under his father's arrogance. There is no denying that Yan Yong is still very qualified. He is diligent and studious. He studied at the age of six, learned the Five Classics at the age of thirteen, and then learned modern poetry and ancient poetry from many masters. He has a solid cultural foundation. Especially during the long twenty years from being secretly kept at the age of fourteen to being enthroned at the age of thirty-five, he was constantly observed and tested by Emperor Qianlong, who had rich political experience, and was finally established as the next emperor. All this shows that Yan Yong's quality and talent are by no means an idle generation. However, his qualifications can be used in observing benevolence and filial piety, obeying orders, following the rules step by step, following the old rules and so on. However, it will be extremely pale and powerless when used in governing the country and pioneering and enterprising. If the world is stable and peaceful, it should be no problem to be a wise Taiping monarch with Jiaqing's ability. However, in the late Qianlong period, the national treasury was exhausted, the national strength was weak, the government was politically corrupt, and bribery in officialdom became the norm. All kinds of contradictions are on the verge of exploding, and the Qing Empire, intoxicated with the aura of "prosperity and prosperity", is "vigorous on the outside and exhausted on the inside", and urgently needs a "able monarch" with a tough wrist and an iron-blooded policy to turn the tide. It's a pity that Emperor Jiaqing didn't inherit the genes of previous emperors' governing ability and pioneering spirit. Although he is diligent and eager to make a difference, he can only be regarded as a loyal and calm monarch at best. After Jiaqing ascended the throne, he adopted a series of policies and measures, which played a certain role in changing all kinds of disadvantages in the late Qianlong period, but could not fundamentally reverse the decline of the Qing Dynasty. Jiaqing has never been able to prescribe the right medicine for the growing corruption and laziness. He can only warn and intimidate a large number of bureaucrats who "keep their jobs" and finally call for "helplessness". He has a certain understanding of the invasion of western colonialists, but he can't really deal with foreign invaders effectively. During his reign, the land was highly concentrated in the hands of big bureaucrats and landlords, a large number of peasants went bankrupt and went into exile, politics was more corrupt than in the late Qianlong period, social contradictions were deepening day by day, and large-scale peasant uprisings such as Sichuan-Chuan Baili religion and Lu Yu-Tian Li religion broke out one after another. Since then, the once powerful Qing Dynasty can only inevitably decline along the road of decline. Emperor Qianlong, who turned the powerful Qing Empire into a sign of decline because of his great joy, refused to admit that his rule was in crisis until his death. He even had a high fever. "Who is the opponent of the Qing Empire?" He even thought that he still left a powerful country to his descendants. This misjudgment of the situation at that time will inevitably lead to his wrong choice in determining his successor. Moreover, in order to covet vanity, manipulate power and satisfy his own selfish desires and interests, Emperor Qianlong passed the throne to a son who was not good enough to achieve great things, and handed over the Qing Empire, which had a brilliant inheritance of more than 200 years, to Emperor Jiaqing, who was incompetent in governing the country and mediocre in politics, so that the Qing Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline and was defeated, and finally became a colony that was insulted and trampled on by the great powers. The decline of the Qing Empire was not so much in the hands of Jiaqing as in the hands of Qianlong. As the saying goes, one careless move will lose the game. A lesson from the past may give some thoughts and enlightenment to future generations! 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