The stark family is the oldest and most prominent family in the north, with many branches. The Lannisters have been kings of Casterly Rock for generations, and the gold mines produced in Casterly Rock make them the richest family.
The Baratheon family Stark and Arryn jointly overthrew the royal power of the Targaryen family. The Arryn family has the oldest aristocratic lineage in Aandahl, and the martel family passed the throne to the oldest child, so there was a prince who was not a girl.
The Tully family in Riverrun is the largest family in Hejian and the ruler of the Trident River basin. The Greyjoy family ruled the Tiemin, and their territory was located in the west of Westeros, and they were good at naval warfare. The Tyrell family is new noble, with deep pockets, and has always been despised. The Targaryen family is a descendant of the nobles of the free city-state of Guvalia and also a descendant of the Dragon.