Most historians think it refers to Longzhong, Dengxian County, Nanyang for the following reasons:
First, from the article "Chen Ben Buyi" ... the above-mentioned "Drive Chi" tells us two messages: First, Zhuge Liang devoted himself to Nanyang; Second, Liu Bei visited the Caotang, seeking to unify the whole country. Zhuge Liang replied, pointing to a place to put forward countermeasures. The core content of Zhuge Liang's countermeasures is that after Liu Bei occupied Jingyi, he took advantage of the changing situation in the world and divided his troops into two ways to destroy Cao in the north. One of the two ways is to send a general to lead the Jingzhou army northward "to Wan and Luo". The word "Xiang" means that Wan and Luo are enemy-occupied areas, that is, Cao Wei's ruling areas, so they have to attack. At the same time, it also shows that Zhuge Liang's answer to Liu Bei's question is in Wannan.
Secondly, according to Wei Lue written by Yu Huan, a contemporary of Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang's good friend Meng was strongly discouraged by Zhuge Liang because he missed his hometown Runan and wanted to return to the north. Geographically speaking, Runan (now Pingyu County, Henan Province) is in the east of Wanxian County and the northeast of Xiangyang. From Wan to Ru 'nan, it should be "going east", not "going north". Only starting from Xiangyang to Runan is "returning to the north". It is also recorded in the book: "Liu Beitun is in Fancheng ... Liang is going northbound." "North direction" refers to the "north direction" from south to north. If Zhuge Liang lived in Wanxian County, it would be "southbound" to travel from Wanxian to Fancheng. The above-mentioned two records in Wei Lue show that Yu Qian, who lived as a doctor in the middle of Cao Wei, was also convinced that Zhuge Liang lived in the south of Hanshui River.
Third, from the Jin Dynasty, which is closest to the Three Kingdoms, there are also historical records of Zhuge Liang's residence. For example, in "Ji Shu" written by Wang Yin in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Li Kas, the general of Zhennan, moved from Wanxian to Xiangyang after suppressing the Zhang Chang uprising. He visited Zhuge Liang's former residence in Longzhong and ordered Zhennan to join the army and Li Xing to write an inscription for Zhuge Liang's former residence. This is the first time in history that Zhuge Liang's former residence in Longzhong was mentioned. Rickas went to pay his respects this time, only 70 years after Zhuge Liang's death (see Pei Songzhi's Notes on the Three Kingdoms for details). In addition, Xi Chishao, a famous historian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, said in the book "The Spring and Autumn Period of the Han and Jin Dynasties": "The Liang family is in Dengxian County, Nanyang, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and Longzhong, posthumous title." In the Southern Dynasties, Liu Song and Pei Songzhi commented on the sentence "Plowing with bare hands for composing songs" in Zhuge Liang Biography, indicating that Pei Songzhi also believed that Zhuge Liang was plowing in Longli, Dengxian County, Nanyang.
Fourthly, judging from the political situation of Deng County and Wan County during the war at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there is a great difference between the two places. When Liu Biao was appointed as the history of Jingzhou, he moved the capital of Jingzhou from Wuling Hanshou to Xiangyang. From then until Liu Biao died (19O-208), Liu Biao lived in Xiangyang for nineteen years. He adopted the policy of "loving the people, cultivating scholars and calming down", which made Xiangyang and its surrounding areas economically developed, socially stable, talented and educated, and once became the academic and cultural center of the late Han Dynasty. At this time, the situation in Nanyang County and Wanxian County is different. Although it belongs to Jingzhou, it has always been an unstable area with frequent wars. During the period of Zhuge Liang's ploughing (197-207), there were constant wars in Wan and Mao areas. Imagine that Zhuge Liang, who was occupied by Cao Cao and devoted himself to reviving the Han Dynasty and regarded Cao Cao as a traitor, would go to Wan County to live? Originally, I wanted to destroy Cao Cao's north, visit the thatched cottage in enemy-occupied areas, and seek reunification?
5. Judging from the interpersonal relationship during Zhuge Liang's cultivation, it is reasonable to live in Longzhong, Dengxian County, Nanyang. In history, Zhuge Liang's elder sister married Kuai's family in Zhonglu (now Nanzhang County, Hubei Province), and the second sister married Pang Shanmin, the son of Xiangyang Pang Degong. His wife is the daughter of Miannan celebrity Huang. Zhuge Liang's favorite teacher, Pang Degong, lives in the southern foot of Xianshan in the south of Xiangyang, and Si Mahui lives in the east of Xiangyang. Zhuge Liang's good friend Pang Tong lives in Baishazhou, Xiangyang, and Xu Shu, Cui and Meng also live in Tanxi, west of Xiangyang. Liu Qi, the eldest son of Liu Biao, was ostracized by Cai Mao and asked Zhuge Liang to stand on his own feet, living with his father in Xiangyang City. All this shows that if Zhuge Liang hadn't lived in Xiangyang for more than ten years, it would be impossible to establish such a close and complicated relationship with relatives and friends living around Xiangyang City.
In short, the above five aspects are enough to illustrate the hardships of Zhuge Liang's life and work in Dengxian County, Nanyang. On the contrary, there was no historical record of Zhuge Liang plowing in Wolonggang, Wan County, Nanyang before Sui and Tang Dynasties. This is the conclusion of history.
No one has ever questioned that yinan county is Zhuge Liang's hometown and birthplace. Because "Biography of Zhuge Liang in Three Kingdoms" clearly tells people: "Zhuge Liang's words are clear, and Lang Xie's Yang Du is also human." There are different opinions about where Zhuge Liang went to live and work in Nanyang County after leaving home. Some said he came to live in Longzhong, Dengxian County, Nanyang, while others said he came to live in Wollongong, Wanxian County, Nanyang. However, it is not wrong for people to say that he works in Nanyang. The key is to correctly understand the word "Nanyang". The demonstration of a historical figure's activity area should be based on my own narrative, the narrative of his contemporaries, or the first-hand materials provided by the people closest to that era. This is the most basic method of historical textual research. If we use materials hundreds or even thousands of years later to demonstrate from historical figures or materials such as local chronicles, inscriptions and poems since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, we will come to a wrong conclusion. (