1. "Five colors make people blind":
Lao Tzu said that "five colors make people blind" and "five tones make people deaf" mainly based on his simple dialectical theory, generally discussing the "five colors" and "five tones" as the objects of artistic beauty appreciation. If they become excessive,
Laozi's aesthetic view is directly related to the theory of "Tao" in his philosophical view and the thought of "inaction" in his political view. He believes that all the beauty of "taking literary talent and carrying a sword" (Chapter 53), like all promising things, can only be harmful to people. The so-called "five colors are blind, five tones are deaf, five flavors are refreshing, and galloping wild hunting is maddening" (Chapter 12) means that the beauty of "promising" will inevitably damage people's nature. In Laozi's view, the real beauty lies not in external things such as debauchery and wealth, but only in nature itself, which can only be reflected from the way of "being simple and being simple, being selfish and wanting less" (Chapter 19). This kind of beauty is manifested as "the big sound is good, the elephant is invisible" (Chapter 41). That is to say, the most perfect music is heard from the place where there is no sound, and the most beautiful image appears from the place where there is no image; Once there is a specific sound and image, it destroys the perfection of nature. This is the beauty that conforms to the Tao. These views of Laozi touch upon the realm of aesthetics, reveal an aesthetic experience in aesthetic activities that transcends the simple perception of art, and set the precedent for China's ancient aesthetics to pursue the theories of "nature", "true beauty", "implication" and "beauty of all sounds", and also laid the foundation for Taoist aesthetics, which is in confrontation with Confucian aesthetics.
2. "Music is born from the heart":
There is an incisive exposition on the essence of music in Yue Ji, which affirms that music is an art of expressing emotions. It holds that:
"Every sound starts from people's hearts, and when people move, things make it natural."
"Every voice is born of the heart, and the emotion moves in the middle, so it is shaped by the sound: the sound is written, which is called the sound."
Xunzi has a book on music, which can be proved.
Each of the above can be seen in a system. Here are some loose sentences:
1. See the dance "Da Wu" and say,' Beautiful! Zhou zhisheng is also, if it is like this! " "Historical Records Wu Taibo Family" "
2. Beauty is sweet. -"Shuo Wen"
3. Mei takes music as beauty, but straightness is without posture. -Gong Zizhen's "The Story of the Sick Plum Restaurant"
4. "The son said" Shao ":'It is as beautiful as it is good.' It is called "Wu":' It is perfect, but it is not perfect.' "the Analects of Confucius eight strokes"
5, zhong Rong's poetry also systematically discusses beauty from the perspective of poetry. He opposes artificial temperament, advocates natural temperament and maintains the natural beauty of poetry. Its "natural English purport" refers to natural exquisiteness, that is, true beauty.
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People's beauty is an important manifestation of beauty, which cannot be ignored. 2. Poetry, ancient prose, and
beauty about "beauty" are philosophical concepts, which generally refer to "an attribute that something causes people to feel happy" [1]. The Chinese character "beauty" is composed of "sheep" and "big", which extends the meaning of other beauty. But the definition of beauty is different in different times or nations. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, women wearing feathered headdresses are of the same origin as "Mei", which means beautiful and good-looking. "Zhuangzi Qi Wu Lun": "Mao Li Li Ji, people call it beauty; Fish see it deeply, and birds see it fly high. " Mr. Lu Xun once interpreted "beauty" as "a wife in a hat". Qian Zhongshu once quoted Voltaire: "What is beauty? If you ask the male toad, you will answer' the female toad is also'. "
Aesthetics is a discipline dedicated to the study of beauty, and aesthetics is a branch of philosophy.
the philosophical definition of beauty: beauty is an integral part of concrete things, and it is the special performance, positive significance and positive value of concrete environment, phenomena, things, behaviors and objects for the survival and development of human beings. It is a relatively abstract thing or meta-entity different from ugliness that people decompose and extract from concrete things after being in close contact with concrete things and being influenced by them.
Beauty is an integral part of concrete things, and beauty cannot exist alone without concrete things. "Tao Te Ching" said: "Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beauty, and it is evil; Everyone knows that good is good, and it is not good. " 3. seeking the purity of Zhou mei's words
Zhou mei, the purity of words, is a musician in Lingzhou. Less transferred to the Shuofang army, known as the material force. Zhao Baoji was trapped in Lingzhou, and the United States abandoned his family. He went back to the capital and was summoned by the son of heaven and transferred to the imperial army. When the Khitan crossed the border, the true Sect was fortunate to be in the state, and the north gate of the imperial city, the United States was generous and self-confessed. I hope that the Qidan will be bound by false riding, and the emperor will be strong and often make the guards.
at the beginning of the holy day, the Deming tribe invaded Pingliang Square Canal, and the American and Israeli troops were waiting to defend the border, chasing the state generals, and they were broken in Jiujingyuan and Wulun River, and many people were beheaded. Tired of moving to heaven, Wudu is in danger. Yuan Hao rebelled, fought in Shaanxi, and made Xia Song recommend his materials, and provided them for the preparation of the library and the supervision of Yanzhou military forces. Since the Xia people have broken the shackles of the Jin and Ming Dynasties, the United States invites Fan Zhongyan, the economic envoy, to say, "The Xia people are bound to come back when they gain new ambitions. When Jin Ming is on the edge, I will be covered. If I don't finish today, I will lose. " Zhongyan remains the same because he belongs to Meifu City. A few days later, the thieves came, and tens of thousands of them were thin and bright, and they were three miles north of Yan' an. The United States led two thousand troops to fight, and arrived at dusk, but reinforcements did not arrive. Instead, they moved to the north of the mountain and set up more suspicious soldiers. Xia people saw it, thought it was saved, and led it away. Then he returned to Artemisia argyi, and went to Guo Beiping, struggling at night. Beauty leads many people to climb the mountain from the underpass with a torch, which benefits the flag, makes a lot of noise on all sides, and thieves are afraid to leave. Thousands of cattle, sheep, camels and armor were obtained, so he recruited soldiers to build Wan 'an City and returned it. When the enemy recovered Kou Jinming, the United States led troops down from Yujiapu and Beishan, and the enemy immediately led them away. Move the writer, and learn about Baoding Army.
Yuan Hao entered the country, according to Cheng Pingzhai. The generals will discuss the attack, and the deputy envoy of Luoyuan, Zhong Shiheng, asked the three rations to go straight to the enemy's point. Mei said, "If he knew I was coming, he would ambush me. It's better to cover up the unexpected. " Shiheng won't listen. The United States went out of the Lotus Valley with its own soldiers and defeated the enemy. The world is equal to the fruit. A few days later, the enemy recovered slightly, and the United States met Yejiadian, chasing north to Tuoba Valley, and defeated all of them. Move to the right with merit. The army returned and built a fence in the valley of the green plum official road to follow the enemy's road. So that the foot soldiers can benefit from planting fields and collecting six thousand welcome crops.
At the beginning, Mei came from Lingwu, went to the fine armor she served, and wrote to the military armory. To be sure, add gold, and give it to the army when you send it. He also defeated the enemy in the Wuding River, advanced to Suizhou, killed his chieftain, burned his account, and won 3 horses, cattle, alpacas and equipment. The enemy attacked with thousands of fine riding, and the United States broke it with more than a hundred riding. The Yong ying ambassador of Qianling Prefecture.
since Shaanxi used troops, the generals have suffered a lot. There were more than ten wars before and after the United States, and the flat clan accounted for 2 yuan, burning 21 yuan, recruiting 11 families who fell behind, and recovering many castles. What you get in the army is more than your subordinates, and you have more than enough, so you should pay attention to it. And death, there is nothing left at home. Son flea pawn, with Sun Yongqing as the son, the official introduced the agreement. ("Song History? Biography of Eighty-two)
Reference translation
Zhou Mei, with a pure word, is a musician from Lingzhou. When I was very young, I belonged to the northern army when I was young. I was famous for my talent and martial arts. When Zhao Baoji captured Lingzhou, Zhou Mei left her people and secretly fled to the capital. The emperor summoned him and asked him to serve in the imperial army. When the Khitan invaded the border area, Zhenzong personally went to Aizhou to defend the north gate of the enemy city. Zhou Mei made a declamatory speech, hoping to catch the leader of the Khitan under the city gate with the help of several horses. The emperor thought he was brave and often let him guard the palace.
In the early days of Tiansheng, the Demingde tribe invaded Pingliang Fangqu, and Zhou Mei defended the frontier with the status of a military commander, and pursued and fought with the generals in the state, defeating the enemy in Jiujingyuan and Wulun River, killing many enemies. He was promoted to Yuhou, the capital of Tianwu for many times. Yuan Hao rebelled, and Zhou Mei led the troops in Shaanxi. He was introduced by Shi Xia Song, and was promoted to be a treasurer and a supervisor of Yanzhou military forces. When Xia people attacked several stockades in Jinming, Zhou Mei said to Fan Zhongyan, the manager, "Xia people have just achieved their goals. Judging from their military situation, Xia people will definitely come back again. Jin Ming is at a critical juncture, and our barrier will eventually lose him if it is not repaired quickly now. " Fan Zhongyan then told Zhou Mei to repair the city as in the past. A few days later, the anti-thief did come again, and tens of thousands of enemies approached Jinming, setting up an array three miles north of Yan' an. Zhou Mei led 2, troops to fight hard, until dusk, when the reinforcements did not arrive, they moved the soldiers to the north of the mountain and set up more suspicious soldiers. Xia people saw it and thought that reinforcements had arrived, so they led the troops away. Soon after, Zhou Mei passed through the wormwood village and arrived in Guo Beiping, where she fought at night. Zhou Mei led the crowd to let people take a torch up the hill from the alley, raise more flags, and shout all around, because the thief ran away for fear. I got thousands of cattle, sheep, camels and armor, so I recruited soldiers to build Wan 'an City and then came back. The enemy invaded Jinming again, and Zhou Mei led the soldiers down from the northern mountain of Yujiapu, and the enemy immediately retreated. Later, he was promoted to Wensishi and moved to Baoding Army.
When Yuan Hao invaded on a large scale, he occupied Chengping Village. Your generals gathered their troops to discuss ways to counterattack and crusade, and the deputy envoy of Luoyuan, Zhong Shiheng, asked for three days' food and grass to go straight to the enemy's lair. Zhou Mei said, "They know that we have arrived, and they will definitely set an ambush for us. It is better to take the path to attack it unprepared. " Zhong Shiheng didn't listen. Zhou Mei led his troops out of Furong Valley to the west and broke the enemy. Shiheng and others really didn't make the meritorious military service. Soon, the enemy invaded Tugeng Village again, and Zhou Mei met the enemy in Yejiadian, and chased him north to Tuoba Valley, defeating many enemy troops. Because of the credit, he was promoted to a right-handed ambassador. The army came back and built a fence in the valley of the green plum official road to block the enemy's way. Ordered the foot soldiers to farm and collect 6, welcome millet.
At the beginning, Zhou Mei came from Lingwu, and all the excellent armor possessed by the emperor was hidden in the armory. At this time, the emperor ordered the environmental decoration and sent messengers to the army to reward Zhou Mei. He also defeated the enemy in the Wuding River, pursued them to Suizhou, killed their leaders, burned their tents, and obtained more than 3 horses, cattle and alpacas. The enemy soldiers attacked him with thousands of elite cavalry, and Zhou Mei defeated him with more than 1 cavalry. Promoted to Ling Zhou Yong ying ambassador.
Since Shaanxi went to war, most of the generals have not benefited. Only Zhou Mei fought more than ten wars before and after, settled accounts of more than 3 ethnic groups, burned 21 accounts, surrendered eleven ethnic groups and recovered many castles. Most of the salary and reward received in the army is given to his own men, and more is used to treat his own non-commissioned officers. When I die, there is no money left at home. His son died early and treated his grandson as his son, and the official introduced an agreement. 4. ask for a poem or classical Chinese with the word "clean" and "beautiful"
feelings
Zhang Jiuling
tender orchid-leaves in spring, and cinnamon-blossoms bright in autumn.
are as self-contained as life is, which conforms them to the seasons.
yet why will you think that a forest-hermit, allured by sweet winds and contented with beauty.
would no more ask to-be transplanted，than Would any other natural flower??
The Story of Zuiweng Pavilion is selected from Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty —— The Collection of Ouyang Wenzhong's Official Documents is surrounded by mountains. Its southwest peaks, Linhe (hè) You Mei. Those who look at it with great beauty and deep beauty, Langya (láng yá) also. After six or seven miles on the mountain, I gradually heard the sound of water gurgling (chán) and spilled out between the two peaks, making a spring. When the peak turns around, there is a pavilion wing on the spring, and the pavilion is also drunk. Who is the pavilion? The monk of the mountain is also wise and immortal. Who is the name? The satrap calls himself. The satrap and the guests come here to drink, and they are drunk when they drink less (zhé), and the year is the highest, so they call themselves drunkards. The meaning of drunkenness is not wine, but also between mountains and rivers. The joy of mountains and rivers, the heart of the heart and the wine. If the husband (fú) rises at sunrise and the forest flies (fēi), the clouds return to the caves (xué) (míng), and the gloom (hu í) changes, the mountain dynasty (zhāo) is also dusk. The wild fragrance is fragrant, the beautiful wood is beautiful and cloudy, the wind and frost are noble and clean, and the water falls and the stone comes out, which is also in the mountains at four o'clock. Going to the morning and returning at dusk, the scenery at four o'clock is different, and the joy is endless. As for the loser who sings on the way, the walker rests on the tree, the former calls, the latter < P > responds, the loser (yǔ) rolls for grain (lǚ) supports (xié), and the traveler (chú) travels alone. Fishing near the stream, the stream is deep and the fish is fat, the brewed spring is wine, the spring is fragrant and the wine is fragrant (liè), and the mountain dish is wild (sê). However, those who are mixed with the past are the satrap feast. The joy of a feast (hān) is not silk or bamboo. Among the shooters, the player who plays chess (y) wins, the player who plays chess (gōng) is staggered, and those who sit up and make noise are all entertained. Those who are pale and white-haired and self-effacing are too defensive and drunk. The setting sun is in the mountains, the figures are scattered, the satrap returns and the guests follow. The Woods are overcast, singing up and down, tourists go and birds are happy. However, birds know the joy of mountains, but not the joy of people; People know that it is fun to swim from the satrap, but they don't know that the satrap is fun. Drunkenness can be fun, and those who wake up can tell the story with words are too defensive. Who is the satrap? Lu Ling Ouyang Xiu also. 5. The classical Chinese writing about beauty and ugliness is long.
1.[ Original] Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beauty, and evil has been done.
everyone knows that good is good, but he is not good at himself. Whether or not they are born together, the difficulty and difficulty complement each other, the length and the length are in phase, the competition is in harmony, and the sound and sound are in harmony.
hengya. It is based on the sage's inaction and the teaching of words; Everything is made at the beginning, born at the beginning, relied on for the sake of success, and did not live in it.
a husband who lives only in his home can't go. [Reading Translation] Everyone in the world knows that it is beautiful because of beauty, and it is ugly.
everyone knows that good is good, but they don't know how to be kind to themselves. With and without each other, the mutual achievements of difficulty and ease are also compared with each other, and the high and low are quite full, and the sound and harmony are coordinated with each other, and the rhyme goes hand in hand.
The so-called eternity means that saints do things by doing nothing, practice silent education, respect the natural laws of heaven and earth, and don't forcibly regulate their growth. Everything grows according to the natural laws, supporting the growth of all things, not relying on what they can, because instead of demanding credit, their achievements will last forever. 2. Original text; Zou Ji is more than eight feet long, but his appearance is beautiful.
Chao (zhāo) dressed in clothes and peeped in the mirror, saying that his wife said, "Who am I more beautiful than Xu Gongmei in the north of the city?" His wife said, " you are very beautiful, how can Xu gong compare you?" ？ ” The Xu gong in the north of the city is the most beautiful man in the state of qi. Zou Ji did not believe in himself, and asked his concubine, " who is more beautiful than Xu gong?" ？ ” My concubine said, " where can I compare with you?" ？ ” The next day, a guest came from the outside, sat with him, and asked him, " who is more beautiful with the common ratio?" ？ ” The guest said, " Xu gong is not as beautiful as you. ". ”
Tomorrow, Xu Gong will come, who will look at it and think he is inferior; Looking at yourself in the mirror is as far away as it is. Thinking about it at dusk, he said, "My wife is beautiful and I am private; The beauty of my concubine is afraid of me; The beauty of the guest is me, and I want something from me. "
So he went to the court to see the King of Wei, saying, "I sincerely know that I am not as good as Xu Gongmei. My wife is a private minister, my concubine is afraid of me, and my guests want something from me, all of which are more beautiful than Xu Gong.
Today, the land is a thousand miles away, and there are 12 cities. The palace ladies are all about the king, and the court officials are not afraid of the king. They all want the king within the four borders: from this, the king is very sheltered. " Qi weiwang said, " you said very well!" ！ ”
It was ordered: "Those ministers and officials who can stab me in the face will be rewarded; Those who write to admonish me will be rewarded in the middle; Those who can slander the city and hear my ears will be rewarded. " At the beginning of the order, the ministers remonstrated, and the door was crowded; After a few months, from time to time (jiàn); Period (j Ι) years