From Peng Duanshu in the Qing Dynasty, "Showing sons and nephews for learning" was included in the Collection of White Crane Hall, which was written in the ninth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1744). Because Peng Duanshu has many sons and nephews in the same family, his grandfather's direct line has only 69 people, and there was not even a scholar at that time. The author was worried and anxious after seeing it, so he wrote this article.
Focusing on the truth of learning, this paper points out that talent is not the condition that determines whether a person can achieve academic achievements, and only through subjective efforts can he achieve something.
First of all, the difficulty of learning is not static, but can be transformed into each other. The condition of transformation lies in people's subjective efforts: "if you learn, it is easy for those who are difficult;" If you don't learn, it's easy and difficult. " The relationship between mediocrity and cleverness can also be transformed. For example, Confucius' theory was passed down from generation to generation by students with low talent.
Then, it tells the story of two monks, the rich and the poor, who want to go to the South China Sea. Rich people always want to rent a boat, but they can't. After a year's hard work, the poor have come back, which shows that nothing is difficult in the world, and nothing is difficult for a willing mind, which points out the central proposition of learning.
Finally, it is pointed out that self-reliance and cleverness without learning will lead to failure, and fools will succeed as long as they study hard. The whole article adopts the writing method of taking virtual with real and discussing virtual with real. Two monks contrast, vivid examples and clear views.
Extended data:
First, the creative background
During the Ganjia period in the Qing Dynasty, scholars concentrated on their studies, not seeking fame and fortune, and their studies were rigorous and simple, forming a generation of style of study. So the author wrote this article for his sons and nephews, hoping that they can continue to carry forward this trend, and at the same time urging their sons and nephews not to be limited by ignorance and intelligence, but to exert their subjective initiative.
Second, appreciate
At the beginning of the article, the author starts with the difficulty. The author thinks that the difficulty of things in the world is relative. "If you do it, it will be easy for people in difficulty." If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people. "The same is true of learning. As long as you study hard, there is no learning that you can't learn. On the other hand, without learning, even extremely easy things will be considered very difficult.
After explaining the dialectical relationship between difficulty and difficulty, the author leads to the question of wisdom and stupidity. People whose talents are not mediocre enough can achieve something over time as long as they study hard and get rid of ignorance and mediocrity; And talented people, if they give up on themselves, will also associate with ignorant people.
According to legend, Confucius' theory was passed on to Zisi by clever and frank Zeng Shen, and then passed on to Mencius by Zisi's disciples. Therefore, the author said: "The sage's way is spread in Shandong." Therefore, the author believes that stupidity and cleverness are relative, and the key lies in personal efforts. This first paragraph is written entirely in the pen and ink of discussion, which clearly shows my views on learning methods.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Learn a song for your sons and nephews.