1. General knowledge of literature in the high school entrance examination

Summary of general knowledge in Chinese literature in the high school entrance examination 1. Tao Yuanming:, named Yuanliang, nicknamed Mr. Wuliu, changed his name to Qian in his later years, and was from the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

"The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" and "Drinking" 2. Wang Wei: courtesy name Mojie, he was a very famous poet in the poetry world of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was known as Wang Youcheng because he was the minister Youcheng. "Envoy to the Fortress" 3. Li Bai: (701 AD - 762 AD), whose courtesy name was Taibai and whose name was Qinglian Jushi.

Li Bai is a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the most famous poets in my country. He is another great romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of Chinese literature. He is known as the "Immortal of Poetry". Li Bai and Du Fu are collectively called "Li Du".

"I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and sent this message to Longbiaoyuan" 4. Du Fu: (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, who called himself Shaoling Yelao, was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and was known as the "Sage of Poetry". During the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, official Zuo collected the artifacts.

After he entered Shu, his friend Yan Wu recommended him to be a staff officer of Jiannan Jiedu Mansion and a member of the school's Ministry of Industry. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.

"Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind" 5. Bai Juyi: (772--846), whose courtesy name was Letian and his nickname was Xiangshan Jushi. In his later years, when he became the Crown Prince Shaofu, he was given the posthumous title "Wen" and was known as Bai Fu and Bai Wengong in the world.

Actively advocated the New Yuefu Movement in literature, advocating that articles should be written according to the times and poems should be written according to the events. He wrote many poems that lamented the times and reflected the people's sufferings, which had a great influence on later generations. . He is a very important poet in the history of Chinese literature.

"Spring Tour at Qiantang Lake". 6. Liu Yuxi: Zi Mengde, a poet and philosopher in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He advocated political innovation and was one of the central figures in the political innovation activities of Wang Shuwen School.

"Inscription on the Humble Room" "Reward for Lotte at the First Banquet in Yangzhou" 7. Liu Zongyuan: a writer and philosopher of the Tang Dynasty, one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". The character is thick.

It is known as Liuhedong in the world. Because he died as the governor of Liuzhou, he was also called Liuliuzhou.

Together with Han Yu, he initiated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and was also known as Han Liu. "The Story of Xiaoshitan" 8. Fan Zhongyan: courtesy name Xiwen, was a famous politician and commander-in-chief in the Northern Song Dynasty, as well as an outstanding litterateur and educator.

"Yueyang Tower", Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud Fisherman. Autumn Thoughts" 9. Ouyang Xiu: politician and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".

His courtesy name is Uncle Yong, his nickname is Drunkard, and his later nickname is Liuyi Jushi. "The Drunkard's Pavilion" 10. Wang Anshi: courtesy name Jiefu, late name Banshan, granted the title Duke of Jing, also known as Wang Jinggong.

An outstanding politician, thinker and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".

"Injury to Zhongyong" 11. Su Shi: Zizhan, Hezhong, also known as "Dongpo Jushi", was a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty). He, his father Su Xun, and his younger brother Su Zhe are both famous for their literature, and they are known as the "Three Sus" in the world; they are as famous as the "Three Cao Fathers and Sons" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi) in the late Han Dynasty.

Su Shi, together with Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Che, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong of the Song Dynasty, are collectively known as the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, they are known as the calligraphers who best represent the achievements of calligraphy in the Song Dynasty, and are collectively known as the "Four Calligraphers of the Song Dynasty".

"Jiang Chengzi." "Hunting in Michigan".

12. Xin Qiji: (1140-1207), poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is You'an and his nickname is Jiaxuan. He is the author of "Jiaxuan's Long and Short Sentences" and "Broken Array" (Watching a Sword while Drunk with a Lamplight on).

13. Ma Zhiyuan: A famous dramatist in the Yuan Dynasty. A native of Dadu (now Beijing).

Ma Zhiyuan is famous for his writing and has an ominous name. It was later named "Dongli" to emulate Tao Yuanming's ambition.

He is later than Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu and others. "Autumn Thoughts on Tianjing Sha" 14. Wu Jingzi: (1701-1754), courtesy name Minxuan, nickname Limin, a native of Quanjiao, Anhui in the Qing Dynasty.

In his later years, he called himself Old Man Wenmu and wrote fifty-five chapters of "The Scholars". "Fan Jin passed the examination" 15. Lu Xun: a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

A great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. Lu Xun's original name was Zhou Zhangshou, but he later changed his name to Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Zhangshou and the nickname Yucai; "Lu Xun" was a pen name he used after joining the May 4th May 4th Movement. Because of his growing influence, people used to call him Lu Xun.

A Chang and "The Classic of Three Seas", hometown Kong Yiji, Xue, have the Chinese lost their self-confidence? 16. Lao She: Modern writer, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, courtesy name Sheyu, a Manchu Zhenghongqi native, a native of Beijing, a modern Chinese novelist, dramatist, and famous writer. "Winter in Jinan" 17. Zhu Ziqing: (1898.11.22-1948.8.12) His original name was Zihua and his nickname was Qiushi. Later he changed his name to Ziqing and his courtesy name was Peixian.

"Sleep, Little One" written in February 1919 is his first new poem. He was a participant in the May 4th patriotic movement and was influenced by the May 4th wave and embarked on the path of literature.

"Back View". 18. Guo Moruo: formerly known as Guo Kaizhen, "Street Market in the Sky".

19. Chekhov: Russian novelist and dramatist. He, Maupassant of France and O. Henry of the United States are known as the three great masters of short stories.

"Chameleon" 20. "The Book of Songs": It is the earliest collection of poems in China. The Book of Songs was originally called "Poems" and contains 305 poems, so it is also called "Three Hundred Poems".

Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has regarded it as a classic, so it is called "The Book of Songs". The authors of most of the poems in the Book of Songs cannot be verified.

21. "Zuo Zhuan": According to legend, it was written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian in the late Spring and Autumn Period. It is a chronological historical work in ancient China.

The full name of "Zuo Zhuan" is "Chun Qiu Zuo Shi Zhuan". Its original name was "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu". It was also called "Chun Qiu Zuo Shi" and "Zuo Shi" during the Han Dynasty. It was only after the Han Dynasty that it was often called "Zuo Zhuan".

Together with "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gu Liang Zhuan", it is collectively known as the "Three Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period". "Zuo Zhuan" represents the highest achievement of Pre-Qin historiography. It is an important document for studying the history of Pre-Qin and the Spring and Autumn Period. It had a great influence on the historiography of later generations, especially in establishing the status of chronicle history books.

22. "The Analects": "The Analects" pioneered the style of quotations. The exemplary nature of Chinese articles also originates from this.

The Analects of Confucius more faithfully records Confucius's words and deeds, and also reflects Confucius's thoughts more concentratedly. The present edition of The Analects contains twenty chapters.

The core of the political thought of Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, is "benevolence", "propriety" and "righteousness". 23. "Mencius": Confucian classic.

The book "Mencius" is "written in imitation of the saints". It not only absorbs the essence of "The Analects", but also accepts some characteristics of "The Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean". In the book "Mencius", the most prominent reflection is the thought of benevolence and righteousness.

Benevolence is the center of Confucianism. Confucius often talks about benevolence but seldom talks about righteousness. Mencius attaches equal importance to benevolence and righteousness. He has a famous saying, "Sacrifice one's life for righteousness". The book "Mencius" is developed in the form of questions and answers, with refutation as the main method of argumentation.

It records Mencius’ thoughts in detail.

2. Literary knowledge that must be tested in the high school entrance examination

The literary knowledge that needs to be mastered in the high school entrance examination mainly includes common sense of novels, prose, poetry, drama, and important writers and works covered in basic texts.

In real life, the reading and appreciation of novels, essays and other literary styles are particularly important, so mastering the literary knowledge of several genres is the basis for deciding to read. 1. Knowledge of novels, prose, poetry, and drama. The three elements of novels are typical characters, complete storylines, and specific environments.

The description techniques used to create characters include portrait description, psychological description, action description, language description, and detailed description. The plot of the novel includes beginning, development, ending and ending.

The environment of the novel includes social environment and natural environment. Prose can be divided into narrative prose and lyrical prose.

The characteristic of prose is that "the form is scattered but the spirit is not scattered". When reading prose, pay attention to grasping the clues of the article.

The knowledge of the above genres should be based on the knowledge essay appendix in the textbook. ("Talk about novels", "Talk about prose", "How to read poetry}, "Talk about drama literature") 2. Knowledge of the works of important writers. This knowledge should be mainly based on the content of textbook annotations. Important writers can make contributions based on their works and achievements. Appropriate expansion.

Memorize the author's name, official position, trade name, nationality, representative works, etc. of the text by heart. The specific writing method should be based on the textbook.

During review, this type of knowledge can be reviewed in a list.

3. Four famous works of general knowledge about Chinese literature for the high school entrance examination

1. "Journey to the West" - a fantasy mythical world Author: Wu Chengen (Ming Dynasty) Main content: Sun Wukong caused havoc in the Heavenly Palace It is composed of three parts: Tang Monk is born, Tang Monk’s master and his disciples go to the West to learn Buddhist scriptures.

Along the way, they conquered demons and went through hardships and dangers, obtained the true scriptures, and achieved positive results. Main characters: ①Tang Monk: Honest and kind-hearted, dedicated to Buddha, but timid, pedantic, and poor in discernment.

② Sun Wukong: A rebel and resister in feudal society, he is active, naughty, strong in martial arts, brave and witty, and as powerful as monsters. ③Zhu Bajie: honest and honest, brave in battle, not afraid of monsters, but greedy and sleepy, funny and absurd, with the consciousness characteristics of a small producer and a small citizen.

④Monk Sha: simple, honest and loyal. Typical plots: ①Tang Monk - seeking Buddhist scriptures from the West ②Sun Wukong - causing havoc in the Heavenly Palace, three-tune banana fan, three strikes of white-bone demons, and battle with the red boy ③ Zhu Bajie - recruiting relatives in Gao Laozhuang ④ Monk Sha - apprenticeship at Liusha River Artistic features: ① Good at speaking The story is highly readable.

②Good at shaping characters. ③Be good at wild imagination and bold and unique exaggeration.

Enlightenment or feeling: No matter what kind of difficulties you encounter, as long as you set a goal, dare to face it, and move forward courageously, you will be able to realize your ideal. 2. "Water Margin" - a heroic legend of resisting feudal tyranny Author: Shi Naian (late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty) Main content: vividly describes the process of Liangshan heroes from uprising to prosperity to final failure.

In particular, by writing about the different life experiences and resistance paths of many reckless heroes, the theme of "***" is clearly expressed. Main characters: ①Song Jiang (Timely Rain): The people's ideal loyalist and the most prestigious leader in the rebel army.

Ability to unite brothers and recruit talents; resourceful and decisive, with military and organizational talents; character that is both rebellious and compromising. ②Lu Zhishen (Flower Monk): He hates evil as much as his enemies, he is chivalrous and courageous, rough and fine, open-minded and sensible, and has a hot temper.

③Lin Chong (Leopard Head): When forced to go to the Liangshan Mountains, he resigned, endured the humiliation, endured humiliation, and endured humiliation, but later became shrewd and courageous. ④Wu Song (Walker): A symbol of loyalty, courage and justice, a typical warrior, a representative of revenge, and an upright righteous man.

⑤Li Kui (Black Tornado): Cowardly and bold, straightforward and loyal, generous and generous. Typical plots: ① Song Jiang - writing an anti-poem ② Lu Zhishen - punching Guanxi, knocking down weeping willows ③ Lin Chong - Fengxue Mountain Temple, accidentally entering the White Tiger Hall ④ Wu Song - furiously killing Ximen Qing, drunkenly beating Jiang Menshen , Recapture the Happy Forest, Make a fuss in Feiyunpu, Splatter the Yuanyang Tower with blood ⑤ Li Kui - Bai Tiao in Doulang, Kill the Four Tigers in Yiling, Kill Luo Zhenren with an ax, Exploring Cave to Rescue Chai Jin, Lantern Festival in Tokyo Artistic Features: ①Full Text Structure It is majestic and complete, with many characters introduced one by one, and each heroic story is like a heroic biography.

②The narrative is informative and exciting. ③The language is popular and vivid, and the characters are vividly created.

Enlightenment or feeling: We should be like the heroes in Water Margin, hate evil with hatred and uphold justice. However, the feudal dross such as the indiscriminate killing of innocent people and discrimination against women in the works should be abandoned.

3. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Author: Luo Guanzhong (Ming Dynasty) Main content: Describes the dark political darkness of exploitation by the landlord class after the failure of the Yellow Turban Uprising in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the melee situation of mutual annexation, and the rise and fall of the Three Kingdoms. Main characters: ①Liu Bei: Loyal, kind, polite and virtuous corporal.

②Guan Yu: Loyal, righteous, and upright. ③Zhang Fei: Brave and rough, hating evil as much as hatred.

④Cao Cao: Intelligent, brave, and ambitious, he was a statesman, strategist, and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. ⑤ Zhuge Liang: Foresighted, knowledgeable, indifferent to fame and fortune, he was a statesman and military strategist at that time.

⑥Sun Quan: Blue eyes and purple beard, Huanglong descends to earth, slightly courageous, but mediocre in his later years. Typical examples: ① Liu Bei - visited the thatched cottage three times and shot a halberd at the gate ② Guan Yu - single-handedly defeated the enemy, passed five passes and killed six generals, warmed the wine and killed Hua Xiong, scraped the bones to heal his wounds, and defeated Maicheng ③ Cao Cao - "I would rather teach me to bear the consequences" The people of the world, stop teaching the people of the world to betray me" and "discuss heroes by cooking wine" ④ Kong Ming - Burning the new fields, fighting with the Confucian scholars, capturing Meng Huo seven times, leaving Qishan six times, (Losing the Street Pavilion) beheading Ma Su with tears ⑤ Sun Quan - Encouraging learning, adventure on the battlefield, dividing Jingzhou, and outsmarting Guan Yu's poems: ① The rolling Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away the heroes.

Success or failure turns into nothing. The green hills are still there, and the sunset turns red several times.

②Mian took shelter temporarily from the tiger's den, telling the truth that the hero was shocking.

A skillful general can cover up when he hears thunder, and he is as trusting as a god in adapting to circumstances.

Enlightenment or feeling: Was that an era when heroes emerged in large numbers? The only hot spot they care about is nothing more than the fight for power, especially the fight for the only dragon chair. In order to fight for the throne, they did not hesitate to kill people like hemp, shed blood into rivers, break dams to release water, ride on the wind and set fire... Why did not one of so many heroes say a word for the common people? 4. "A Dream of Red Mansions" Author: Cao Xueqin (Qing Dynasty) Main content: With the four major families of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue as the background, and using the love of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as clues, it describes the rise and fall of Jia Jiarong and Ning's mansion. process.

Main characters: ① Lin Daiyu: sentimental and versatile. ②Jia Baoyu: Young Master Yihong, the King of Flowers in Jiangdong, a wealthy and idle man who pursues freedom, happiness and has a rebellious spirit.

③Wang Xifeng: Smart and capable, sweet-tongued but cruel-hearted, duplicitous, greedy and selfish. ④Xiang Ling: Both talented and beautiful, clever in mind.

⑤Grandma Liu: Cautious, able to play both sides, chivalrous and courageous. Typical examples: ① Daiyu - bury flowers, burn poems ② Baoyu - sleepwalk in Taixu illusion, cry bitterly in Xiaoxiang Pavilion ③ Wang Xifeng - set up a lovesickness bureau and assist in Ningguo Mansion ④ Xiangling - study poetry ⑤ Grandma Liu - enter Grand View Garden Poems: One is the fairy flower of Langyuan, the other is the flawless jade.

If you say there is no romantic connection, you will meet him again in this life; if you say there is a romantic connection, how can you end up lying in vain? Enlightenment or feelings: Reading "Dream of Red Mansions" will realize the decadence and decline of the landlord class and aristocratic group. Their decline is inevitable.

4. What is the common literary content of Chinese language in the High School Entrance Examination?

Nationality/dynasty of the author’s works in the Chinese language of the High School Entrance Examination The author’s evaluation Zhu Ziqing’s "Spring" - modern poet, essayist, scholar, The democratic fighter Lu Xun "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" "Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening" The great modern writers, thinkers and revolutionaries "Praise to Poplar" "Miscellaneous Notes" The outstanding modern writer Bing Xin "Little Orange Lamp" "Little Orange Lamp" Modern Famous female writer and children's literature writer Aesop's "Two "Aesop's Fables" "Aesop's Fables" Ancient Greek fable writer Ye Shengtao's "Suzhou Gardens" "Encyclopedia Knowledge" Modern writer and famous educator Wu Han "Talk about Backbone" "Wu Han's Essays" Selections" Modern historian Wang Yuanjian's "Seven Matches" "People's Literature" Modern writer Andersen's "The Emperor's New Clothes" "Andersen's Fairy Tales and Selected Stories" The famous Danish fairy tale writer Chekhov's "Chameleon" - Russian critical realism in the late 19th century Writer Mencius "Chapter Two of Mencius" "Mencius" Zhuge Liang, a Confucian master after Confucius during the Warring States Period, "Exemplary Works" "Zhuge Liang Collection" Tao Yuanming, an outstanding statesman, thinker, and military strategist during the Three Kingdoms period, "The Peach Blossom Spring" "Tao Yuanming Collection" Famous poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on the Humble Room" "Inscription on the Humble Room" The famous Tang Dynasty poet Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" "The Collection of Su Wenzhong" The famous writer Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty "The Story of Yueyang Tower" "The Collection of Fan Wenzheng" The Northern Song Dynasty politician Ouyang Xiu's "The Drunkard" "Ting Ji" "Collected Works of Ouyang Wenzhong" Li Bai, a writer and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Longbiao was far away and sent this message" "Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty" The romantic poet Xin Qiji of the Tang Dynasty "Breaking the Array: Composing a Poem for Chen Tongfu to Send" — — Yan Shu, the famous patriotic poet of the Song Dynasty, "Huanxisha" and "Selected Poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties" Northern Song Dynasty poet Lao She - - Modern modern writer Du Fu - - Han Yu, the great realist poet of the Tang Dynasty - - Tang Dynasty litterateur Liu Zongyuan - —— Wang Anshi, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty —— Lu You, a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty —— Li Qingzhao, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty —— Pu Songling, a famous female poet in the Song Dynasty —— A writer in the Qing Dynasty.

5. Common knowledge of Chinese literature in junior middle schools

Lu Xun, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, also named Yushan, was a great proletarian writer, thinker, and revolutionary. He was the founder of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Commander. It is also called the "national soul" by the people.

Novels: "The Scream", "Wandering", "New Stories"; ("The True Story of Ah Q", etc. are all collected in "The Scream")

Prose collection: "The Dynasty" "Flowers Picked Up at Dusk" (formerly known as "Revisiting Old Things")

Literary treatise: "A Brief History of Chinese Novels";

Collection of prose poems: "Weeds"

" "Fu Lei's Family Letter" is an excerpt of a family letter written by Chinese literary and art translator Fu Lei to his children Fu Cong and Fu Min. The book is an excellent book for young people's ideological cultivation, a classic model of quality education, and a godson full of father's love. Famous articles. The two children they trained with painstaking efforts and painstaking efforts (Fu Cong - a famous piano master, Fu Min - a special English teacher) are the successful embodiment of their educational ideas of being a person first and becoming a "family" later, thinking independently, and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Therefore, Fu Lei The couple has also become a model for Chinese parents.

"The Education of Love" is a children's novel written by the Italian author Edmundo de Amicis. The film of the same name incorporates all the greatest loves in the world: the love of teachers, the love of students, the love of parents, the love of children, the love of classmates... Each kind of love is not earth-shattering, but it is touching.

Ba Jin, whose original name was Li Yaotang, also had the courtesy name Fu Gan (fèi). Modern writer, publisher and translator. At the same time, he is also known as one of the most influential writers since the "May 4th" New Culture Movement. He is an outstanding Chinese literary master in the 20th century and a giant in China's contemporary literary world. He has written many books, including his representative works "Home", "Spring" and "Autumn". Ba Jin is considered to represent the conscience of mainland Chinese intellectuals

Bing Xin died at the age of 99. Her original name was Xie Wanying and her pen name was Bing Xin. It means "a piece of ice with a heart in a jade pot". Known as the "Old Man of the Century". Famous modern poet, writer, translator, and children's writer.

"Biographies of Famous People", also known as "Three Lives of Giants", is a biographical work created by the famous French critical realist writer Romain Rolland in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Three biographies: "The Biography of Angelo" and "The Biography of Tolstoy".

"Water Margin", also known as "Water Margin of Loyalty", generally abbreviated as "Water Margin", was written in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. It is the first chapter novel written in vernacular in Chinese history and one of the four major Chinese novels. One of the great masterpieces.

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is China's first full-length chapter-length novel. The novel describes the relationship between the three political and military groups of Wei, Shu and Wu headed by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the entire Three Kingdoms era. conflicts and struggles. In the broad social and historical background, it shows the sharp, complex and distinctive political and military conflicts of that era, which had a profound impact on later generations in terms of political and military strategies.

"Journey to the West" is one of the four classic Chinese classics. "Journey to the West" was compiled by the Ming Dynasty novelist Wu Cheng'en in the middle of the Ming Dynasty after countless folk artists and authors put in huge efforts. This book describes the legendary adventure story of Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Monk Sha protecting Monk Tang from studying in the West and going through eighty-one hardships.

I wish you good results