"Lotus" (Li Yu) Lotus is slightly different from herbal flowers, but it has roots and no trees, and the gender is the same. As the saying goes, "those born in water are called grass hibiscus, and those born on land are called lotus." It is said that non-herbs are not allowed. For people who live on this in summer, it is said that it has no effect on Uncle Mao and its predecessors. There are many things about it, so please be prepared. When the flowers bloom, it is only a few days before the flowers bloom. Before and after this, it belongs to autumn. Lotus is not like this: since the day the money came out, it has been decorated with green waves; When its stems and leaves are born, they will grow taller and brighter. There is wind, but there is no wind. Because I enjoyed endless happiness before the flowers bloomed. From the beginning to the end of the flower, the charm is about to drip, and then one after another, since summer and autumn, this is a flower thing, and people deserve it. If you thank the flower, you can also sue the owner; It is the canopy under the pedicel, strong in the canopy, graceful and independent, still like an unopened flower, hugging the green leaves, so that it won't do anything for the Millennium. All this is said to be very eye-catching. You can smell it, and it has the fragrance of lotus leaves, which is different from lotus flowers; Summer retreat, refreshing life. To its pleasant mouth, lotus root and lotus root are side by side and fragrant. Only the leaves are broken in the frost, which is embarrassing and seems to be abandoned; It was taken off and hidden, and used to wrap things for years. It's a lotus, and no one's eyes and ears are uncomfortable for a moment, and there's nothing that is not ready for daily use. The benefits of planting are more obscure than that of grains. What are the benefits of having long and short crops? Of the four, this life is the most important. Nothing is unexpectedly cool than a good life, and half an acre of square pond can't be used as a place to settle down. Just dug a big pond, planted a few stems to plug the responsibility, sometimes the disease leaked, looking to heaven for water to save, those so-called poor health care, careless life are all here.

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Lotus and herbaceous flowers seem to be slightly different, however, it has a wooden trunk and is an annual. These properties are the same as those of herbs. The flower spectrum book says, "Those that grow in water are called grass hibiscus, and those that grow on land are called water lilies." Then it can't be said that lotus is not a herb. I love hibiscus flowers, and I can live on them in summer. I don't want to imitate Zhou Dunyi and repeat what my predecessors have said, but because hibiscus flowers are suitable for people's minds, and its advantages cannot be exhausted in one or two points. Allow me to talk about its advantages one by one. In the best viewing season of flowers, only the first few days, before and after that, belong to the time when people pass by them without asking. Lotus is not like this: from the day he came out of the water, he decorated the water waves with green; When its stems and leaves grow out, it will be taller and more beautiful day by day. When there is wind, it makes a fluttering expression, and when there is no wind, it also presents a light and feminine charm. Therefore, when the flowers are still blooming, we should enjoy endless happiness first. When the bud blooms, its posture is so delicate that it almost drops, and it blooms one by one. From summer to autumn, this is the nature of flowers and the enjoyment that people deserve. When the flowers fade, you can also tell the master that there is nothing wrong with you; Then a lotus flower is born under the flower base and bears fruit in the canopy. Each branch stands alone, just like an unopened flower, standing with the green leaves (on the water). Its good skills will not be completed until the Millennium Festival in first frost. These are all the aspects that it is suitable for viewing. Suitable for nose (place), and then there is the fragrance of lotus leaf and the unique aroma of lotus; In summer (with it), the heat in summer will be reduced because of it; Enjoy the cool, the cold is caused by it. As for its delicious place, lotus seeds and lotus roots can be put on a plate and put on the table together, which makes people smell fragrant. Only the dead leaves beaten by frost are ugly, as if they had become abandoned waste; But take it down and store it, and it can be used to wrap things next year. In this way, there is no moment when the lotus is not suitable for viewing, and there is no part that is not used for daily use. (it) has the essence of five grains without taking the name of five grains, and gathers the strengths of many flowers and removes their shortcomings. Is the benefit of planting greater than it? Among the four kinds of flowers and plants that I regard as life, lotus is the most precious. Unfortunately, I have loved it all my life, but I can't take out half an acre of square pond as the place where it lives. I just dug a small pool with a big bucket, planted several plants to comfort myself, and often worried about the leakage of the pool, praying for rain to save it. This is probably the saying that I am not good at cultivating creatures and regard their life as weeds. Note: ① Fu was written by Li Yu, a famous writer in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. His "My Leisure" is a summary of what he saw and heard in his life. "I have four lives, and every minute has a moment: daffodil orchids in spring, lotus flowers in summer, Haitang in autumn and wintersweet. Without these four flowers, there would be no life. " The following "Of the four lives, this life is the most important" is also this. ② Uncle Mao: Zhou Dunyi, a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty, was named Uncle Mao. He wrote Ailian Theory. ③ Lotus (hàn dàn): another name for lotus. ④ Illness and leakage: the leakage of pool water is bitter.

Brief introduction of the author

Li Yu (1611680), whose original name was Lv Xian, whose real name was Chen Fan, whose real name was Tian Tu, was renamed Li Yu in middle age, whose real name was Li Hong and whose real name was Li Weng, a famous dramatist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Rugao, Jiangsu, Lanxi, Zhejiang. When Li Yu was born, his ancestors had been starting a business in Rugao for a long time. At this time, he was "rich in family wealth and a garden", so he enjoyed a rich life from birth. Later, due to the failure of the imperial examination, Li Yu, who shouldered the heavy responsibility of making his family prosperous, gave up this pursuit and resolutely changed the way of "living in seclusion". In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666) and the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), he won Joe and Wang successively. After careful training, Li Yu established a family troupe with Jill as the pillar, which toured all over the country all the year round, entertaining dignitaries and earning a lot of money. This is also the most proud stage of Li Yu's life and his literature. 1672 and 1673, with the successive deaths of Joe and Wang, the family troupe that supported Li Yu's rich life also fell apart, and Li Yu's life turned into a predicament, often relying on loans to make a living. 1680, seventy-year-old Li Yu died of poverty and illness.

Brief analysis

In this paper, the advantages and "loveliness" of lotus are explained in detail, and the cultivation benefits of lotus are expounded from two aspects: ornamental value and practical value. The author also regrets that he can't cultivate lotus flowers in a half-acre square pond and expresses his love for lotus flowers. However, he overemphasized the ornamental value of lotus, and even exaggerated the benefits of its cultivation above "five grains". This is contrary to reality and rationality, showing a feudal literati interest divorced from the working people and incompatible with the feelings of workers. The article mainly explains "the lotus is lovely". Around this center, the author arranges the structure and clues according to the order of things themselves. It takes the word "lovely" as its meaning pulse, the growth time of hibiscus (spring, summer and autumn) as its time pulse, and the growth law of hibiscus (leaves, stems, flowers, sheds and lotus roots) as its object pulse. The middle part of the article mainly expounds the beauty of lotus, which is the center and focus of the whole article. In the middle part, "Kemu" is the main brain, and "Bi Ke", "Delicious" and "Available" are the guests. It is detailed and appropriate, concise and appropriate, not only clear in the center, but also focused. The language is vivid, refined and handsome, lively and novel. For example, "there is wind swaying, there is no wind and graceful"; "Summer retreat, refreshing life"; "Five grains are nameless, each with its own length" ... These even sentences are beautiful, unconventional, fresh and moving, which can not only grasp the different characteristics of things, but also complement each other, with neat sentence patterns, clear rhythm, harmonious tone, elegance and fluency, and full of charm. The last chapter expresses feelings and adds a lot of color to the article.

teaching program

1. Knowledge structure (1) Words and phrases are full of enthusiasm (2) Grammar 1, prepositions and object phrases are postpositioned (2) Causative usage (3) Verb usage (4) Nouns as adverbials (2) [Difficulty Analysis] 1. "The group is in the season, but the key to this sentence is how to understand the" season "." "Quarter" means "quarter". When: value, encounter, in. Order: beautiful. The whole sentence means that the best time for many flowers and plants is only in the days when they bloom. Second, how to explain "Han Han"? There are no notes in the textbook Han Han. Some books are labeled as "lotus nicknames", which is inappropriate. What Han Han wants to explain is the bud of lotus, that is, there is no open lotus. Third, the text analysis lotus is slightly different from flowers and plants, but it has roots and no trees, and so does two lives a year. As the saying goes, "those born in water are called grass hibiscus, and those born on land are called lotus." "This means that it is not vegetation. For people who live on this in summer, it is said that it is not so effective, and it was attacked by Uncle Mao. It is said that it is also the blessing of others, so please prepare. Compared with many flowers of other herbs, lotus seems to feel slightly different, but it grows once a year and has roots and no stems. Those conditions are the same as those of other herbs. According to the "Flower Spectrum", "Those that grow in water are called grass hibiscus, and those that grow on land are called water lilies. "That can't say (lotus) is not an herb. I live by lotus in summer. (This) is not to mechanically imitate Zhou Dunyi's "love lotus theory" and apply the theories that have been summarized by predecessors. On the contrary, because lotus is suitable for people (mind), it has more than one benefit. Please (let me) (name all these advantages). Note 1 [However] However. (2)[ Year]. (3) for me. 4 [rely on] rely on. (5) [therefore] intentionally. ⑥ [Effective] A simplified statement of "East Shi is effective". Metaphor is difficult to imitate at will, and the effect is very bad. ⑦ [Attack] application. 8 ['knt] a. because. Pet-name ruby [can] to one's liking. Yes, suitable, verb. Attending [preparation] detailed. Comment on the first layer, reveal the main idea of the article, and always lead the full text. When the flowers bloom, it's only a few days. It belongs to autumn before and after, so don't ask. Lotus is not 4. From the day the money came out of the water, it was decorated with green waves; And its stems and leaves are raw, the day is high and the day is bright. The wind is swaying, graceful without wind. Because I enjoyed endless happiness before the flowers bloomed. ?⑥Flowers are everywhere, full of charm. After that, one by one. Starting from the summer of the seventh year, it is a matter of flowers and people who deserve it. If you thank the flower, you can also sue the owner; It is the first time that it gives birth to a crown under the pedicle. It thrives in the crown, slender and independent, still like an unopened flower, hugging the green leaves, which makes the Millennium powerless to first frost. All this is said to be very eye-catching. All kinds of flowers are suitable for the season only a few days after flowering, and the days before (and after) are all neglected. Lotus is not (is) like this: from the time when the small lotus leaves are exposed to the water, they are dotted on the green water: after the stems and leaves grow out, they are taller, longer and more beautiful every day. When there is wind, it presents a swaying beauty, and when there is no wind, it also presents a graceful posture. In this way, when the lotus is not in full bloom, we will first enjoy the endless feeling of elegance and superiority. When the lotus is in full bloom, its delicate beauty (thick as if) will hang down (like), and (one flower after another, one flower after another) will open one after another, from summer to autumn. This is a matter of flowers (flowering for people to appreciate), and people should appreciate it. After the lotus withers, (it) can also (just) announce to its owner that (it has done its duty and dedicated all its beauty to people) there is nothing wrong. (but it) gives birth to lotus root under the flower base, and lotus seeds are born in the lotus root. It is graceful and independent, just like an unopened flower, standing with green leaves (on the water), and its skill is not as good as the Millennium frost. All the above are said to be suitable for viewing. Note ① [Yuan] flowers. (2) at the right time. 3 [autumn]. (4) [However] Like this. Day by day. ⑥⑥⑥⑥⑥⑥。 All landowners [from] from. ⑧ [Ⅶ (cú)] Round trip. Pet-name ruby [capital] property, here is a metaphor. Attending [yes] but. [Hug] Get up, which means standing. What you can do, what you are good at. Constantly, not only. Comment on the second layer, focusing on the advantages of lotus "visible". First, as a way of comparison, comparing the short-lived days of flowers and flowers with the short-lived days of lotus shows that the purpose of lotus is slightly better. Secondly, according to its growth process, the ability of "seeing" is systematically expounded. But at the nose, there is the fragrance of lotus leaves and the extraordinary fragrance of lotus flowers; Summer is the retreat of ② ③, and coolness is the life of ④. Suitable for people's nose (sense of smell), it has the fragrance of lotus leaves and the strange fragrance of lotus flowers, which is used to escape the summer heat, and the summer heat is reduced because of it, and the cool air is also produced. Pay attention to ① [fragrance] aroma. (2) [for] because. (3) decline. 4 [One by one] Follow. Comment on the third floor, explain the advantages of lotus as a nose, and highlight the fragrance and coolness of lotus with antithesis. In its pleasant mouth, lotus seeds and lotus roots combine with each other and are also fragrant. As for whether it is suitable for people's taste, lotus seeds and lotus roots are displayed on the plate together, which makes people feel full of fragrance in the interaction. Note ① [and] together. (2)[ column] display. Make ... feel fragrant. (4) 【 cheek (jiá) 】 cheek, here refers to the mouth. Comments show that lotus is delicious, not in the stomach, full of fragrance. Although edible, it does not lose its elegant taste. Only the leaves are broken in the frost, scattered and embarrassed, as if (1) were abandoned; It was taken off and hidden, and used to wrap things for years. Only the withered lotus leaves after frost are declining, as if they were discarded waste; But if you take it off and put it away, it can also be used to wrap things for a year. Note 1 [as if] it seems. 2 [preparation] preparation. Comments show the advantages of lotus "usability". There are two sentences before and after, one is false and the other is true. The ups and downs are (1) lotus flowers, which are not suitable for eyes and ears for a moment, and are not ready for daily use for a moment. There is a nameless one, and it is the length of a hundred flowers, each with its own shortcomings. Is the benefit of planting greater than this? From this point of view, nothing is not suitable for the eyes to see for a while, and nothing is not suitable for daily use. It has the practical value of five grains without the name of five grains, and has many advantages of flowers without their disadvantages. Is there any greater benefit than planting lotus flowers? Note 1 [Yes] So, this. 2 [Suitable] Suitable. (3)[ equipped] Yes. ④ Practical value. (5) [long] strengths. 6 [Yu] ratio. Comment and summarize the full text, divide the above four contents of "pleasing people" into two categories: "suitable for eyes and ears" and "suitable for daily use", and with a rhetorical question, effectively point out the theme. Of the four, this life is the most important. Nothing is better than a lifetime, but half an acre of square pond is not a place to live. Only (4) chisel (5) to make a big pool, plant a few stems to plug the hole (6), and sometimes get sick (7) and leak. It is almost impossible to look to heaven for water, so-called poor health care and careless life. My four life doors, this lotus is the most important. Helpless (I) love (it) all my life, but I can't get half an acre of pond (planting lotus flowers) as a place to live. I can only dig a big pool, plant a few lotus flowers and get away with it. I am often worried that the water in the pool will seep to the ground. Looking forward to the rain to save it, I am probably the so-called person who is not good at cultivating it and casually disposing of its life. Note 1 [Four Fates] Narcissus and orchids are life in spring, lotus in summer, Haitang in autumn and wintersweet in winter. 2 [Nothing] Helpless. (3) 【 half acre square pond 】 refers to a small pond. (4)[ only] only. (5) [chisel] dig. ⑥ 【 blame (se) 】 perfunctory. Plug, come and deal with it. ⑦ [Disease] Suffering from ... ⑧ [Looking for water] Looking for rain. Pet-name ruby [almost (dài)] probably. Attending [grass Kan (jiān)] treat ... like a weed. Kan, grass name. There is an idiom called "disregard for human life". The commentary also summarizes the full text, which naturally leads to the author's love for lotus flowers. There is a famous saying that "the wind is swaying, and there is no wind but graceful." Because I enjoyed endless happiness before the flowers bloomed. "IV. Biography of the text analysis author Li Yu (16 1 1? About 1680), whose real name is Li Hong and Chen Fan, was born in Lanxi, Zhejiang in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He is a famous playwright, drama theorist and scholar. He wrote "Ten Poems of Li Weng" (Legend), and wrote more stories about joys and sorrows of talented people and beautiful women. " Random thoughts "(essays), including drama theory, diet, gardening and so on. This article is excerpted from Ber Ber Wengjia Dialect Collection and Mr. and Mrs. Li Weng. This article is an explanatory essay. Through separate explanations, the author tells people all kinds of beauty of lotus and explains the benefits of planting. The full text is divided into three parts. The first part is 1 natural section. This part points out the main idea of the article with "it's lovely to make lotus flowers, and its things are different", which leads to the full text. Among them, the word "lovely" includes items such as "eye-catching", "sniffing" and "delicious", followed by the words "give a few" to attract readers' interest in all kinds of lovely people, and finally it is mentioned below with the words "please get ready". The second part is the second to fifth paragraphs. This part is the main body of the article, inheriting the previous article to "prepare" the "Yue" place of lotus. The four natural paragraphs of the text take each natural paragraph as a unit to explain the advantages of lotus one by one, such as "striking", "sniffing", "delicious" and "usable". The second paragraph explains the advantages of "Kemu" described by the author. First, he explained by contrast that beautiful "flowers" are very short-lived, while "lotus" is not. The so-called "nothing can be done without frost". Compared with the other two, Lotus has a better advantage. Secondly, the author systematically explained the function of "seeing" according to the growth and decline process of hibiscus. The third paragraph explains the advantages of "Bi Ke" and uses antithetical sentences to highlight the freshness and coolness of lotus. The fourth paragraph explains the advantages of "delicious", which is not in the stomach but full of fragrance. Although it is edible, it does not lose its elegant taste. The fifth paragraph explains the advantages that can be used. Before and after the sentence, one is empty, the other is real, and there are ups and downs. The third part is the sixth and seventh paragraphs. Summing up the full text, the above four "pleasing people" are divided into two categories: "the view of keeping eyes and ears" and "daily use", which is more beneficial than this, in response to a slight change at the beginning. This rhetorical question effectively presents the theme and naturally leads to the author's love for lotus flowers. In this paper, when explaining the "loveliness" of lotus, its classification method is of great reference value. On the one hand, the author divides "lovely" into four items: eye-catching, sniffing, delicious and usable, and these four items can be gathered from "keeping eyes and ears" and "preparing for daily use", so its horizontal classification is full of hierarchy. On the other hand, from the category of "Kemu" and the four categories from "Kemu" to "Usable", the two expansions of the content basically conform to the vertical progressive growth process of lotus leaves, which gradually grows, blooms, blooms, withers, lotus seeds and declines, so the two vertical progressions are intertwined side by side with the full-text mode, making the structure of the article quite organically coordinated. In addition, the detailed discussion of this paper is also worth mentioning. The full text is about the "cuteness" of "lotus", with "eyes" as the main part and others as the guests. Because hibiscus is superior to Fang Qun in "delicious" and "usable", it is enough to point out this. As far as "nose" is concerned, the fragrance of lotus is general, and only "eyes" are ordinary and special. If it is unknown, its characteristics cannot be fully revealed. And as a flower, its main function is of course for people to watch. Write "Qunpa" first, because of the short time for beauty, highlighting "Wisdom Fofo Agbo's absence". Then, from the birth of the lotus to its withering, the so-called "embellishment with green waves" changed from "water hibiscus money" to "swaying posture" and "graceful" from "stems and leaves blooming" to "charming" until the flower was both grateful and graceful, just like an unopened flower. This auspicious writing not only shows the "eye-catching" of the lotus, but also depicts the changes of the lotus in various growth stages, and renders the advantages of "having the length of a hundred flowers, eliminating their shortness".