Zhang Zai (1020—107765438+February 6th), born in Hengqu Town, Fengxiang County (now Meixian County, Shaanxi Province), was a thinker and educator in the Northern Song Dynasty and one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism. Known as Mr. Hengqu in the world, Zhang Zi is honored as a saint, and he is thirty-eight in the west of Confucius Temple. His famous saying of "making a heart for heaven and earth, making a life for the people, connecting the past with the future, and opening up a peaceful future for generations" was called "four sentences in a horizontal canal" by contemporary philosopher Feng Youlan.
Zhang Zaijin retired as a national sage, and opened up a new situation for Confucianism under the historical conditions at that time with practical actions. Zeng Guofan, the "first minister of ZTE" in the late Qing Dynasty, once wrote A Portrait of a Sage, and selected 32 great men in China history who have been in Starlight Glimmer for thousands of years as the portal for future generations to learn:
Confucius and Mencius, Ban Ma Zuo Zhuang, Ge Lu Fan Ma, Zhou Zhang,
Ozen, Duma, Wang.
Among them, "Zhou Zhang" refers to Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Yi brothers (regarded as one person), Zhu and Zhang Zai respectively. In the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zai gave lectures in Guanzhong, and his academic thought was called "Guan Xue", which was called the four schools of the Song Dynasty together with Zhou Dunyi's "Lianxue", Er Cheng's "Luoxue" and Zhu's "Xue" in the Southern Song Dynasty.
"Monk died. For thousands of years, only Zhou Cheng, Zhang Zhu and other people have been favored by Confucius." This is the consensus of China for 800 years. "Luo Guanmin" and "Zhou Zhu" became the mantra of people calling Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. In order to rhyme, Zeng Guofan changed it to "Zhou Zhang".
Extended data:
The conclusion of the sentence "four sentences in a horizontal canal" provides a useful reference for the construction of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics.
For Zhang Zai, one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism, the biggest challenge at that time was the prosperity of Buddhism, especially Buddhism. The smartest people in the world are attracted by the past. As the backbone of China local culture, the cultural confidence of Confucianism has been greatly challenged.
"Since ancient times, fraud, obscenity, evil and escape have gone hand in hand. A person who came out of Buddhism in 1500, since he is not independent and fearless, then he is confident and has great talents. Why do you want to stand in the middle, compare right and wrong, and calculate gains and losses! " "Benevolent people are also human beings", Zhang Zai creatively criticized and absorbed Buddhism, founded a school based on Qi, and participated in the creation of Neo-Confucianism. This is a "lesson from the past", its purpose is to "establish the heart of heaven and earth", stand up the spirit of heaven and earth, and rebuild the spiritual world of China people.
"The benevolent melts everything in the world." Confucianism believes that nothing in the world is perfect, and you can't just be satisfied with yourself or a few gentlemen. Confucius said, "Old people are safe, friends believe, and young people are pregnant." It is "making a living for the people" to have such weather.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Sentences in Hengqu
China * * * News Network-Zhang Zai and His "Four Sentences of Horizontal Canal"