First of all, China athletes should be "open-minded". We have many advantages in the Olympic Games, such as weightlifting, gymnastics, diving, table tennis, badminton and so on. There are many gold medals and medals in these events. If we are complacent and humble, I'm afraid our advantage won't last long. It is the continuous advancement of these advantageous projects that has consolidated our long-term advantageous position. So, what about our relatively weak projects? Such as track and field, men's swimming and so on. It should also be "long-term". There are historical reasons for the low level, and we should not rush to achieve success, nor should we rush to achieve success. Take Zhang Lin as an example. It's quite good to get the men's 400-meter silver medal this time. On this basis, our weak events can gradually become stronger. Of course, it takes time. The most disappointing thing is the men's football team. Suspend the group again this time. For the men's soccer team, it is not enough to just blame and scold. The key is to "cure the disease", which requires the right medicine and the time to "cure the disease". Therefore, in the dominant events, the weak events and even the men's soccer team, we must have a vision and mind of "staring at the scenery" in order to have less pressure and more motivation.
In addition, watching the game also requires "long scenery and open eyes." The result of the game is important, and the number of Olympic gold medals is also important, but what is more important than these is only the demeanor of watching the game and the tolerance of winning or losing. It is more important to understand the athletes' mood with a normal heart and a happy heart, and not to judge heroes by success or failure. The competition and the outcome are temporary, but the pursuit of "higher, faster and stronger" is long-term. Therefore, holding the Olympic Games at home, I appreciate not only the wonderful performance of China athletes, but also the wonderful performance of foreign athletes. Enjoy the game with a normal heart, and we will not put pressure on women's volleyball teams in Liu Xiang and China. China athletes who have lightened the pressure will naturally have better performance and more excellent results.
"We should pay attention to the scenery", which is said to athletes and spectators, and further, it is also our in-depth interpretation of the Olympic Games.
It is better to live with feelings than to live with thoughts.
keats
First, everyone has a different purpose in life.
What do people live for? All living people should have a reason to live. Hegel said: what exists is reasonable.
I'm sure you've all asked yourself this question: What did I come to this world for? What is the reason why I exist in this world? These problems may also lead to deep disgust and pain.
A philosopher who won the Nobel Prize in Literature but refused to accept the prize described the pain. He's Sartre. Sartre had a dream when he was young. He dreamed that he stepped on a train. He doesn't know where the train is going. The ticket inspector of the train also frightened him because he didn't have a ticket. Yes, when we set foot on the train of life, do we know the end of the train? Are we qualified to ride (buy tickets)? In this train, some people shoulder a heavy or lofty mission, while others get on the train in a daze. Some people have already bought tickets, while others want to muddle through.
In our growth, we are taught to be "noble". However, in reality, we are used to profiteering. The glorious image of some people on the stage and the petty behavior under the stage make it difficult for us to understand this complicated reality. Some people ask us to live for the happiness of the public, but we clearly see that they are eating into the interests of the public. The inconsistency between the requirements of life and behavior is enough to confuse us.
Therefore, the essence of life purpose may not be as described in the propaganda materials-it is the material of moral slavery education and the requirement of some groups for people's attitude towards life. In fact, on the question of why we are alive, we have become accustomed to the so-called Taoists who pretend to shoulder the heavy responsibility of saving the world. They can tirelessly repeat many "important and ambitious" truths over and over again. They think they have a great responsibility to teach the world. They can't tolerate people not accepting their way of life, so they always put on airs and act as respected teachers.
However, not everyone is a moralist, and not everyone is willing to be taught by moralists and saints-this conclusion is very important, because if a person is unwilling to be taught, his will will will be hurt. An unjust society often hurts people by forcing them to do things they don't want to do, and people lose their right and freedom of choice.
There is no need to try to overthrow my view that "not everyone is willing to accept the teachings of Taoist saints." With the thinking of academic research, the falsification method can prove this conclusion, that is, if you want to show that not everyone is A, you only need to point out that one person is not A. Now, at least I am not a Taoist, and I don't want to be pointed out by a Taoist (many times, when we grow up, we find that the ideas we were instilled as children are scams)-but you may be more familiar with describing this conclusion in literary language: just like flowers are not always brilliant, there are also. Not all people in the world like incense, but there are husbands who hate smelly things; Life is not always beautiful, but it is also exposed in the shadows in Evil Under the Sun. so
The reasons why people live are not all so big (maybe big and empty), and many people have small reasons (maybe small and real).
I have always believed that anyone alive, in his own opinion, will find a good reason to live. Maybe some people have never thought about why they are alive-that's the impression many people give us in life-but they have actually given the best answer to this question with their "living" behavior and "living" state.
I was lost because I was alive. I thought it was a life experience. So I asked your opinion, but the answer was different. Some people are solemn: "For the country and the nation …", while others are full of lofty sentiments: "For the liberation and happiness of mankind …". Of course, these sentences frequently appear in ideological reports. But the reason for more people is simple: I want to support my family; I live because I think it's good to live, and I like to live; I want to live, because I want to continue to repay my parents' kindness, accept the boss's scolding, obey my wife's orders and discipline my son well. ...
The reason for living is so different! Throughout the historical reality, we see that people live for various reasons. Some people live for fame. How many people have been tired of Wan Li's fame for thousands of years? Ten years of cold window is nothing more than "being famous all over the world." Jin Fan's example depicts the sorrow of his life in order to gain fame. As for modern society, this is an era of various famous ways and means. Some people assassinate the president for fame, some people curse people for fame, and some even claim that "it can't last forever, but it will last forever" ... Some people live for "profit". As early as more than two thousand years ago, Sima Qian, a Chinese thinker, pointed out: "The world is bustling, all for profit; Everything in the world is for profit. " People's contacts are also scattered when they are exhausted, and they are sparse when they are profitable. For the benefit, the country fought a war, groups fought against each other, and individuals cheated each other. A British diplomat put it classic: "There are only eternal interests, but no eternal friends." Some people live for righteousness. For a word "righteousness", do not hesitate to kill people. Some people live for love. How many people are lingering and trapped by love. "To ask what the world is like is to share life and death". Some people live for their beliefs. "It doesn't matter if you behead, as long as the doctrine is true." More than one million people died for their beliefs. ……
Second, everyone's goal in life is the same: to maximize utility.
Everyone has an excuse (or reason) to live. But in the eyes of economists, people live, even all activities, for "maximum utility".
Economic research is carried out under the assumption that man is the utility maximizer. Does this person live for the "nation" or "family and friends"; Whether for "fame" or "profit"; Whether it's for "affection" or "righteousness" ... it's all for "utility maximization". As for why fame, profit, righteousness, love and hate will affect people's utility, this is not a concern of economics. Just like, your preference for bananas is what economists care about, but why you like bananas is not what economists care about.
Utility here refers to the degree of subjective satisfaction, sometimes defined as "happiness". In other words, people live for utility and happiness. As long as everyone has a different definition and experience of happiness (in fact, the personal definition of happiness is really different), the reason for living will be different, but the purpose of living is the same: the pursuit of utility maximization (or happiness). Fan Gang, a young economist, has roughly the same view: "People live, how to live and how to achieve their goals ... but behind everyone's statement, we can find that * * * is the same thing that everyone will not deny, or the overall goal of life, which is the so-called' happiness' or' happiness' or' satisfaction'. In short.
Although utility is sometimes defined as happiness, I don't think it is appropriate to refer to utility completely with happiness. Happiness often refers to the feeling of physical and mental pleasure after the desire is satisfied. Utility not only emphasizes the generation of this feeling, but also emphasizes the size of this feeling. That is to say, happiness often has no difference in size, but its utility has difference in size. In addition, utilitarianism is often a kind of satisfaction after deliberate pursuit, that is, there is desire first, and utilitarianism will only occur when desire is satisfied. Happiness does not require people to have desires first, but it can come quietly at any time. For example, on a certain morning, the birds are chirping and the sun is shining, which makes you feel a sense of tranquility and security that you have never had before, which can be called happiness; In an afternoon, I miss someone silently in the afterglow of the sunset and think of the faint past. At this time, that person suddenly appeared in front of you, leaving you with only a moment of happiness, forgetting all the language expressions and the world around you, and only two people filled the gap in your heart, which is called happiness; But they are generally not considered useful. Living for human utility shows that human life has a purpose-the purpose of life is to maximize one's utility in life.
The utility is not objective, and it depends entirely on the individual's subjective evaluation. As we have mentioned, people's subjective feelings are different in the same place and under the conditions of the same colleague, so the same thing brings different effects to different people. For example, giving a beggar 100 yuan may bring him great utility, because it is a lot of wealth for him; Giving a millionaire 100 yuan may have little effect, because in his eyes, 100 yuan is not wealth at all. We generally say that "utility" is positive by default, and utility can also be negative, which is called negative utility. "Negative utility" is a word similar to "pain". For example, if someone speaks loudly and makes you feel uncomfortable, then his voice will have a negative impact on you. If there happens to be a person who likes to listen to that person's loud voice, then that person can get positive results from that person's loud voice. Look, the same sound has different effects. I think of a sentence by Chongqing poet Li Gang: All music is the sound of rope sawing wood, but the audience is sometimes an expert and sometimes a layman.
The subjectivity of utility is bound to be closely related to preference. A person's preference refers to his special preference or preference for something. The greater his preference for something, the greater the utility he gets from it. Therefore, preference, like philosophical values, contains the value judgment of the subject (person) for the object (person or thing). In fact, the meaning of utility in economics is exactly the same as the meaning of value in philosophy, and both refer to the satisfaction of the object to the subject. For example, someone loves a house more than a car, so giving him a house will make him feel more satisfied, or he will think that a car is more valuable to him than a house. It should be noted that the value here is not the value determined by socially necessary labor time in Marx's political economy, but the subjective utility value. Axiology is the basis of economic theory. The opposition between Marxist political economy and western mainstream economics is first embodied in the fact that one is based on labor theory of value and the other is based on utility theory of value.
Obviously, living for utility is actually living for preference. Preference is love. To live for what you like is to live for what you love. Writer Shen Congwen said: "All survival is for production, and you must love to survive." If there is nothing lovely, what is the reason to stay in the world?
Third, different preferences make everyone have different definitions of happiness.
It must be admitted that everyone's likes or dislikes are not single. The most obvious example is that many people brag about their wide hobbies. 1992 Gary becker, winner of the nobel prize in economics, pointed out that human behavior is not only dominated by one preference, but by an orderly preference set. This preference set can include many things, such as names, profits, justice, feelings, beliefs, money, cars and positions ... In different people's preference sets, many elements are the same, but it does not mean that people's preferences are the same. For example, the following preference sets:
A's preference set = (high salary, car, house)
B's preference set = (house, high salary, car)
C's preference set = (house, high salary, car, clothes)
Ding's preference set = (power, fame, gambling ...)
The basic knowledge of set tells us that except that A and B are equal, everything else is not equal (so they have different preferences). A and B have different preferences, because although the preference set is the same, the preference order is different. A likes cars best, but B likes houses best-it's easier to understand if you regard people's preference set as an ordered group of elements. In fact, it is almost impossible for people to have exactly the same set of preferences, because everyone's subjective feelings about everything in the world are so different.
In short, different preference sets and preference orders lead to different preferences, just as the saying goes, "each has his own love". Everyone lives, or tries to live, in order to satisfy their own preferences and achieve their greatest utility (happiness). In other words, I live for what I love, and the ultimate goal is to get the greatest benefit (happiness) from what I love. A man who commits himself to life and death for love is because he defines his utility (happiness) with "love"; People who die for their beliefs believe that they can realize their own life value; People who pursue fame and fortune because they value fame and fortune very much ... Of course, I have to point out that even those who commit themselves to life and death for love are not only partial to love, but also account for a large part. Once "love" is satisfied, other preferences will stand out and occupy a very important degree, and new desires will arise. For example, someone wants to be a millionaire. When he gave up everything and became a millionaire, faced with a pile of cold money, he didn't feel happy because he had a new desire. People's desires are pulled out, and finally people are pushed away by desires.
Sometimes, I think preferences reflect human nature. Humanity should not be suppressed and preferences should not be distorted. The distortion of preference is "against one's will". But it's actually not the same thing. I once read an article "You can't tell the truth" in Southern Weekend. A TV viewer told the truth that he likes money in "Tell the truth" hosted by Cui Yongyuan. As a result, he returned to his hometown, looked down upon everywhere, and even felt that he was a dwarf. In fact, I am thinking that most of the villagers who look at the audience with white eyes may also like money, or they may not really look down on the audience. They just don't want others to know that they like money and get a dirty look, so they have to give the audience a dirty look to show their "high altitude festival" and never be greedy for money. People who tell the truth suffer, and those who hide their true preferences believe that they are not so happy. In life, just like these unhappy people, we need to do a lot of things and say a lot of things against our will. As a result, we all put on masks and wandered around in this world full of moving human bodies.
Fourth, there is no one without preference in life.
We can't tell the truth when we discuss it later. Now let's get down to business. Some people seem to have no preference. What does he live for? In fact, strictly speaking, even a person who lacks preference, as long as he is alive, shows that he at least prefers "living" itself. Many people lament that living is "really tired" or "boring" and tired of the world of mortals, but he has been living in this "hateful" world, even longer than others, indicating that this person is more tired of death than life, so he would rather live meaningless than die. Relatively speaking, he still prefers to live. Of course, some people choose death between life and death. During the Cultural Revolution, many intellectuals "give me liberty or give me death" and chose to commit suicide. The old man Ba Jin once famously said: It is better to die vigorously than to live tragically and indifferently! If a person loses his preference of "living", he may not miss this pluralistic world any more.
There is such a story: a man asked a doctor how to live a long life, and the doctor said, "Don't smoke!" " "
"I never smoke." The man replied.
"You don't drink either!"
"I don't drink at all."
"Don't indulge!"
"I've never been near a woman."
"In that case, what's the point of your longevity?"
Many people think this is a joke. But economists don't think this is a joke. Here, doctors are obviously mapping other people's preferences to their own preferences. People who come for advice may not like alcohol, tobacco and women, but just love life itself. The preference for "living" itself is enough to give him reason to pursue longevity. One of the great inclusiveness of economics is to admit that people's preferences are different.
Buddhism believes that life is suffering. Many monks pursue nothing. What do they live for? In fact, they still live for their "love". Their "love" is to "help all beings" with their poverty, and they live for suffering. Some people may ask, won't suffering bring negative effects? Yes, it is negative for you and me to suffer. But for Buddhists and monks, suffering is no longer a negative effect, because they believe that suffering in this world can bring happiness to the afterlife-this is a great effect. Of course, this is still due to subjective understanding and evaluation, so some monks have broken the precepts, because his evaluation of the utility of suffering has decreased, or his evaluation of the utility of things outside the precepts has increased, so that they are willing to try the law. I also heard that not all monks in the temple are vegetarian now. It seems that either the Buddha's requirements for them have decreased, or their evaluation of the happy life in the afterlife has decreased, and they no longer have much hope for the afterlife, so it is better not to be harsh on themselves in this life.
Man lives for his liking (love). As long as there is something he yearns for in the world, he will choose to live, but his personal nostalgia is different from what he loves. Without what you love, you lose the meaning of living, and life is worse than death. In Gu Long's novels, the most vicious punishment for one person to another is not to take his life, but to destroy what he loves most and squeeze all his spiritual sustenance. Really, I'm afraid only Gu Long, a peerless martial arts wizard, has such a profound understanding of human nature and life.
Verb (short for verb) positive information
People live for utility (happiness). It is human nature to pursue happiness. As long as people can see the hope of life, that is to say, they have optimistic expectations for future happiness and happiness, people have confidence and courage to live. If you despair of life, flower of life will wither. Therefore, life allows disappointment, but never despair. You have to save a suicidal person and let him see the beauty of life and the beauty of the future, which may be ten times more effective than telling the truth of life.
Many times, a temporary cloud may reduce people's expectations for the future in a short time, thus making people make irrational choices. In order to reduce the mistakes in life decision-making, you should look at life from a long-term perspective, and you might as well have some Ah Q spirit. Be positive and patient, and everything will pass slowly and change. Do a good job with an open mind and complain too much to prevent heartbreak. Put more love into life and be optimistic about life, and your life will naturally be positive. The ideal way of life is to cherish and trust your life. "When we love the world, we live in it," Tagore said.