Surprisingly, Ma Yuan, who successively served as the secretariat of Longxi and General Fu Bo and was knighted, was one of the few in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty in terms of military exploits, achievements and ethics. The portrait of a famous minister who did not enter Yuntai Pavilion was framed by slanderers and suffered injustice after his death. In this regard, some people were puzzled at the time. According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, King Dongping asked Emperor Hanming, "Why don't you draw a portrait of General Fu Bo?" Ming Di just smiled. Ming Di's attitude is doubtful. Ma Yuan is a native of Fufeng Maolin. His ancestors were not called horses. His ancestor Zhao She was a general of Zhao in the Warring States Period. Zhao was awarded the title of "Groom Army" for his outstanding achievements and mastery of horses. Therefore, Zhao She's descendants took "Ma" as their surname. Said Ma Yuan is seven feet five inches tall, "picturesque", is a tall and handsome young man. He is resourceful and eloquent.
The emperor summoned him and he answered quickly. He told stories to the crown prince and the kings, and the crown prince and the kings were fascinated. Ma Yuan lost his father at the age of 12. He has three brothers, the first is the governor of Henan, and the second and third are officials in Beijing. My brother invited a teacher to teach him the history of Dongguan Hanji. He was not used to the rigid teaching method of the teacher explaining the text word by word, and hinted to his brother that he wanted to make a living in society. My brother is very supportive, and Ma Kuang encourages him to say that you will be a great talent, but you will be a late bloomer. Ma Yuan did not rely on his brother, but went to the border guards at an early age to graze for a living. Later, he became rich, managed hundreds of families, owned thousands of cattle and sheep, and was welcomed by thousands of people in the valley. He once said, "If you are ambitious, you will win; if you are poor, you will be strong; if you are old, you will be strong." He also said: when a person makes a fortune, it is important that he can help others; Otherwise, he is a miser. He gave all his money to his brothers and friends, and he had no regrets. Later, he was promoted and often advised some officials: "ordinary people are precious and their ability is cheap." In other words, you can live with money and live without money.
In the last years of Wang Mang's new dynasty, the world was in chaos, and the heroes rose together. First of all, Ma Yuan belongs to Xiao Wei, which is located in the west of Gansu. Later, it was difficult for Xiao Wei to do anything. However, Liu Xiu was very generous and had the bearing of Emperor Gaozu, so he left Xiao Wei for Liu Xiu. When Liu is here, gather everyone to discuss countermeasures. The generals talked and hesitated, thinking that the actions of the imperial teachers should be cautious and should not be hindered in depth. Liu Xiu called Ma Yuan and told him the opinions of the generals. Ma Yuan pushed his way through the crowd and advocated attacking without hesitation. He said: Xiao Wei's generals abandoned Germany and fled, and our army took this opportunity to launch an attack and won. He also "takes meters as mountains and rivers, and valleys as the potential", that is, takes meters as a military topographic map, pointing to it to explain mountains and rivers, the situation of the enemy and ourselves and the offensive line of our army.
Ma Yuan's strategy was adopted by Liu Xiu, and the army launched an attack, completely defeating Xiao Wei's army. Ma Yuan has a strategic plan and often participates in military decision-making. He said: "He is also good at military strategy. The emperor often said,' I agree with you. If you have a plan, you can use it. "Militarily, Guangwudi listened to him and relied heavily on him. Ma Yuan led an army to pacify Xiqiang, made an expedition to cross the toes, sent troops to the frontier fortress, and successively pacify the Wuling rebellion. He made great contributions to the unification of China's territory and the consolidation of the Eastern Han regime. Ma Yuan was the first military commander to lift a 320-pound sledgehammer. Qi Shi introduced Li Yuanba's golden hammer in detail. It is said that this weapon was invented by the famous Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It disappeared for a long time and didn't appear in Li Yuanba's hands until the end of Sui Dynasty. This hammer is not in the shape of a sphere, but a "waist drum", similar to a cylinder, similar to the hammer in Chu Xu's arcade book. Like a hammer, it has a horizontal iron cylinder with a handle under it. Pei Yuanqing's plum blossom bright silver hammer is two round hammers. By the way, Ma Yuan is also good at riding horses. He developed an equestrian event in China, which is a real Bole. He is worthy of being a descendant of Zhao She, a "horse servant", and he is a "young man" who inherited his ancestral business. Ma Yuan once cast a bronze statue "Horse Style", which is the standard image of a good horse.
Emperor Guangwu ordered the bronze horses cast by Ma Yuan to be placed in His Royal Highness Xuande as the standard for selecting famous horses. Mazu grew up in the Yuan Dynasty, and the Sui and Tang Dynasties praised him: "It is better to cast horses with gold and copper in the Han Dynasty." Ma Yuan is famous for his achievements, and some of his famous sayings have been passed down through the ages. I believe many people are familiar with the idioms of Mali packaging. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai praised Ma Yuan's spirit of "being buried by horses" more than once, and asked people to learn this spirit. According to An Ming's article in the first issue of 1996, in the early 1960s, at the request of revolutionaries in an African country, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission decided to send a lieutenant general to this country to help the people there carry out the national democratic revolutionary movement.
This lieutenant general won't take orders. Upon hearing this, Mao Zedong said, I suggest that all our senior cadres read the history of Guangxi's Party with Chinese songs. He also said: Castle Peak is full of loyal bones, why not die without regret? Ma Yuan is not as good as it is now. Later, at a meeting of senior cadres held in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai, Zhou Enlai, in the spirit of "loyalty is buried everywhere in the castle peak, why should you die in the line of duty", compared with this lieutenant general, he criticized some senior cadres for being afraid of death, which was even worse than that in ancient Ma Yuan. The idiom "a horse wrapped in a corpse" evolved from a passage by Ma Yuan. According to the records of General Fu Bo praised by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, Ma Yuan once said to people: "Today, Xiongnu and Wuhuan are still harassing the North, so they should attack by themselves. A man should die in the wilderness and bury his ears in the place where he died in his boots. "
This passage says: The imperial court is threatened by Xiongnu and Wu Huan, and men should aim at the frontier, bravely kill the enemy and defend the country. If there is a sacrifice, it will be wrapped in horse skin and transported back to the mainland for burial. What a heroic, broad-minded and tragic "wrapped horse corpse"! From this passage, we can imagine Ma Yuan's broad mind and noble character. Ma Yuan struggled for the establishment and consolidation of the Eastern Han Dynasty all his life. At the age of 62, he saw the imperial army defeated in Wuling and asked the court to send troops. Guangwudi pitied his old age and didn't approve it. Ma Yuan said to Emperor Guangwu: I can still get on the horse in armor. Emperor Guangwu had a horse taken to Ma Yuan for a test ride. Ma Yuan quickly mounted his horse and looked back at Guangwudi across the saddle, looking confident. Guangwudi smiled and said, "It's Weng Ye!" It shows that the old man is really courageous and courageous. So he agreed to Ma Yuan's expedition. I didn't know the invasion didn't go well. Due to the hot weather and acclimatization, many soldiers fell ill and died, and the army almost lost its combat effectiveness.
Ma Yuan was ill, too, so he had to order his soldiers to dig a hole in the mountain and enter the cave for the summer. It is in this grim situation that some people in the army are engaged in infighting. The corps commander Geng Shu disagreed with Ma Yuan's marching route, and his opinion was not adopted, so he was dissatisfied with Ma Yuan and wanted revenge. Therefore, he wrote to the imperial court through his younger brother Geng, accusing him of military failure, and lied that he stopped everywhere like a businessman from the western regions, so that his fighter plane was lost and defeated. Guangwudi listened to Geng Xu's words, and sent Song Liang, a warrior company commander, as an imperial envoy to Wuling to supervise Ma Yuan's army. The way to go is Song Liang. Who hates Ma Yuan? He not only met Ma Yuan in Wuling, but also was appointed to supervise him. Ma Yuan, who was not trusted by the imperial court, died soon. Liang didn't let go of the dead, but also wanted to use this as an excuse to frame him to repay the old grievances. In this expedition, Ma Yuan died in the army, realizing his ambition that "one should die in the wilderness and be buried where they died in boots". However, when Kyle Poirot's body was transported back to Beijing, the court did not hold a grand funeral for him as usual. On the contrary, Ma Yuan's new interest, Hou Yinshou, was taken back, and he hardly came to a good end.
A book leaked from home and something unexpected happened. Ma Yuan once wrote a famous letter from home, which was written by a nephew. Because of this passage, there was a storm on the ground, which caused the dissatisfaction of Ma Yuan's family. Ma Yan and Ma Dun, sons of Ma Yuan's second brother Ma Yu, are active young people. They are good at pointing fingers and judging people, and never consider whether it is taboo to talk about others like this. Ma Yuan was very worried that the two nephews were young and outspoken. He cares about these two nephews as much as his own son. When he is thousands of miles away with his fingers crossed, he doesn't forget to write to warn them. The letter said: "I hope you can hear other people's mistakes, just like hearing your parents' names." "Parents' names are audible to the ears, but inaudible to the mouth. I hate talking about other people's strengths and weaknesses and current events. I would rather die than my children and grandchildren have such behavior. Long Gaobo is a loyal and cautious man. He never makes mistakes in his speeches. I respect him and hope you can learn from him. Du is a hero, caring about others' worries and enjoying others' happiness. I respect him, but I don't want you to learn from him. Because even if you can't learn lombok, you can still be a cautious person. As the saying goes, "Carving a mandarin fish doesn't make an owl", painting a swan is not like a wild duck. Although unrealistic, it is somewhat similar; If Du Can doesn't study, he will inevitably become a frivolous person. The so-called "painting a tiger does not make a dog."
This letter from home is well-intentioned and gives good advice to educate my nephew. Even after nearly 2000 years, today's readers will be inspired. But what I didn't expect was that this letter was later got by Du's enemy. What Ma Yuan said to his family in private was used once it was leaked. Du's enemies then wrote to the court, saying that Du was a "frivolous and confused person" and took out a letter of advice as evidence. The enemy also said that if Dou Gu colluded with Du, there would be anti-imperialist actions. Guangwudi listened to the words of Gaozhuang people and removed Du Qi from the post of Sima, while he and Dou Gu were exempted from punishment. Because of an exhortation letter to my nephew, Ma Yuan inadvertently forged a hatred with Song Liang and others. However, this Song Liang is not a fool. He is the son-in-law of today's emperor. This so-called "doctor" is so valuable in the court that even ministers are afraid of him. Once, Ma Yuan was ill in bed and Song Liang came to see him. Before the bed, I promised to salute, but I didn't reciprocate.
After Song Liang left, Ma Yuan's son asked his father: Why didn't he repay Song Liang? Ma Yuan said, "I am a friend of Song Liang's father. Although Song Liang became a doctor, we can't mess up the children's order! " Ma Yuan thinks he did the right thing, which is completely in line with etiquette. Liang Songze holds a grudge because he thinks that Ma Yuan belittles himself because of his qualifications. Two things together, Song Liang to revenge Ma Yuan, it's only a matter of time. Although Song Liang, Coix seed's unjust case, was exempted from punishment, he held a grudge against Ma Yuan. Until Ma Yuan died, Song Liang's chance for revenge came. The imperial court was dissatisfied with Ma Yuan because he led the army to the last battle. Seize this opportunity and report to the court that Ma Yuan crossed his toes and came back with a military vehicle "Pearl Rhino". In fact, Ma Yuan brought back a car full of Coix seed. Coix seed is also called coix seed rice.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the seed kernel of Coix lachryma-jobi has the effects of clearing away heat, promoting diuresis and strengthening the spleen, and the seed kernel and root can treat diseases such as edema, beriberi, rheumatism, arthritis, hepatitis and nephritis. Ma Yuan used to eat coix seed during sex. It is said that the effect is obvious. He believes that after eating it, he can "save his lust and defeat malaria with a light body." The local Coix lachryma-jobi fruit is very big, so Ma Yuan wants to introduce its seeds to the mainland for promotion. This is a good thing for the mainland people. However, Song Liang's statement was accurate, which made him furious. Ma Yuan's family was so scared that they didn't dare to bury Ma Yuan's body with their ancestors in their own cemetery. They had to buy a few acres of land in the western suburbs of Beijing and bury them hastily.
Relatives and friends are afraid of being involved with each other and dare not mourn. Being wronged behind a generation of celebrities, dragging down the whole family, is very miserable and sad! Liu Ji, a strategist and writer of Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, has a famous poem called "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty", which mentions the fact that Ma Yuan was falsely murdered. He is filled with indignation at Ma Yuan: "The son of heaven sees thousands of miles away and takes tears of Coix lachryma as his nose." That is to say, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty observed from thousands of miles away, but regarded the coix seed brought back from Ma Yuan's toes as a textured rhinoceros horn. Liu Ji said with emotion: "Who said that the moon is clear? It can be covered without feet. Who says the river is clear? You don't need a bucket of mud to confuse it. " Evil villains cover up the truth, confuse people and frame Zhongliang. It's impossible to prevent! Because of this unjust case, a new idiom-"Coix lacryma-jobi pearl" was introduced, which means being wronged and slandered for no reason. Regarding this unjust case, Fan Ye, the author of Biography of Ma Yuan, sees it this way: It is wise for Ma Yuan to advise others to be careful to avoid disasters, but he cannot avoid being slandered by others. Is it because of his high status that he has a big tree to catch the wind? Fan Ye stood in Ma Yuan's position to find the cause of the unjust case. In my opinion, the main reason why this unjust case will happen is that the villain fabricated and distorted the facts and retaliated against others. But from another angle, if Ma Yuan had taken the lead in telling his nephew not to talk about others casually, pay attention to his words and not to give orders, could this tragedy have been avoided?