The body is almost disc-shaped and flat. The body color is rich and changeable, with red as the main tone, brown as the main tone and blue as the main tone, decorated with red, yellow, blue, green, black, brown, white and purple. It is beautiful and colorful, and is known as the "king of tropical fish". Compared with other fish, it is not easy to feed. Large aquariums (more than 90 cm in length) should be used, in which it is best to plant aquatic plants with equal density and put a few stones to create a quiet and comfortable living environment. According to relevant records, colorful immortals are divided into wild colorful strains and artificially raised colorful strains according to the classification method advocated by Mr. Heck brigham. Among them, wild colors include wild Hegelian, wild brown, wild blue and wild green; Artificial culture of colorful fish.
[Edit this paragraph] function
Body length: 150 ~ 200mm Origin: Amazon River basin and Peru, Brazil and Guyana.
Difference between male and female: the genitals of female fish are slightly wider. Feeding difficulty: General feeding habit: Feeding method of fresh animal feed: There are seven kinds of heavy egg stripes: blue-green, pure blue-green, red-blue-green and red.
[Edit this paragraph] Feeding conditions
Feeding water quality: acidic soft water, feeding water temperature: 28℃, stocking form: single-feeding activity area: general.
Special needs: high-quality water environment
Colorful angelfish, alias colorful swallow, is native to the Amazon River basin in South America and belongs to the cichlids family in tropical fish. When tropical fish was just popularized more than ten years ago, people called it "multicolored angelfish", and there were only several kinds of tropical fish, such as "green multicolored" and "blue multicolored". Later, with the continuous breeding and breeding of the fish by "angelfish fans" all over the world, its varieties and colors became richer and richer, and its name was gradually upgraded to "colorful angelfish", such as wild colorful, brown colorful, blue colorful, green colorful, Hegel colorful, royal blue colorful and royal green colorful. Some people even joked that maybe in a few years, it will be renamed "Nine-color angelfish". The price of colorful angelfish is reasonable, which seems to be the consensus reached by reporters after visiting all tropical aquarium shops in the ornamental fish area of Laitai Flower Trading Center. Experts who often visit here say that the price of colorful angelfish will be higher mainly because of its high investment cost, because this kind of fish belongs to high-temperature and high-oxygen fish, which has strict requirements on water quality and bait and is very difficult to raise. As for pure breeding, it is more expensive to use rare things. Even if enough money and time are spent, there will never be a few unsuccessful ones. However, some people think that colorful angelfish is expensive because of artificial hype, but for good fish species, everyone still agrees that it is worth the money.
According to some "colorful angelfish lovers", colorful angelfish is definitely a species with price difference in the same strain or even the same fetus, so if colorful angelfish of the same species are sold in different shops, don't be misled by the price difference, because the two kinds of fish may have different grades or even different varieties, so you must not choose colorful angelfish by price.
One of the experts also said that it is best to buy 2-inch to 4-inch small fish for colorful angelfish, because the fish at this stage is cheaper and easy to raise in the future. Generally speaking, to buy fish, you must first choose an aquarium store with good reputation and good credit. After choosing your favorite species, you should carefully observe whether the fish swims around healthily and lively, whether it will present a positive bait-seeking shape, and whether the ratio of eyes to body is normal. It should be noted here that the smaller the fish's eyes are, the redder they are, indicating that there is no problem with its growth and care; In addition, pay attention to the first few fish in the whole group, because they are often the best buyers.
Among all ornamental fish, it seems that colorful immortals pay the most attention to daily management. If you want to raise colorful angelfish well, you must establish good concepts and habits to maximize the beauty of colorful angelfish. Chaos management and wrong ideas will not only make colorful angelfish disappear in your fish tank, but also make you stay away from colorful angelfish eventually. It's not that colorful angelfish is difficult to raise, but it's necessary to determine the ideal goal in the future before raising, consult professionals or collect relevant information before raising; In the process of feeding, the feeding plan should be adjusted in time according to the colorful situation in the fish tank, so as to achieve the goal smoothly.
To raise colorful angelfish, you need to prepare fish tanks, filters, biochemical cotton, heating rods, fluorescent lamps, air pumps and other necessary equipment.
Fish tank: Generally speaking, a fish with 1cm needs at least 1 liter of water to be raised, so the fish has enough room to move. Too big or too small is not appropriate. It is suggested that the length, width and height of medium and adult fish ponds should be 120×50×45(cm) respectively, and the length, width and height of fish ponds should be 50×50×45(cm) respectively. These tanks are suitable for breeding, which can make rational use of space and facilitate management.
Air pump: colorful angelfish need a lot of oxygen, so it is very important to ensure that there is enough dissolved oxygen in the water. In practical work, the air pump should be selected according to the fishing ground area, the number of fish tanks and the number and size of fish. Domestic pumps are cheap; Imported pumps are expensive, but durable and almost noiseless.
Heating rod: the water temperature of raising colorful immortals is generally 28 ~ 30℃, which is difficult to meet all the year round under natural conditions. Therefore, it is almost inseparable to use heating rods, especially in the northern region, to raise colorful immortals. When choosing heating rods, you must choose products with reliable quality, and you can't boil the fish tank without heating or continuous heating because of faults. No matter what kind of heating rod is used, always observe the change of water temperature to prevent accidents. The water temperature of colorful immortals should be 28℃. If the temperature is lower than 28℃ for a long time, the immunity of the colorful angelfish will be affected, and parasites and diseases will quickly invade the fish and cause harm to the fish.
Filters: Filters are one of the necessary equipment for colorful culture. It is very common to use colorful filters, such as upward filtration, external filtration, barrel filtration, drip filtration, sponge filtration and so on.
The commonly used filter materials of general filters are: white filter cotton, biochemical balls, ceramic rings, activated carbon and sponge filter cotton (commonly known as water goblins) and so on.
Sponge filter cotton can be divided into wall-attached and vertical sponge filters. It adopts air-lift power, which has small water output and strong ability to cultivate bacteria. It is most suitable for small fish tanks such as breeding tanks and fry.
Lighting equipment: colorful angelfish has low requirements for lighting. Generally, a 40W light bulb is enough for fishing grounds15m2. However, a small light should be added to the culture pond as a ever-burning lamp, in order to avoid sudden electric shock of the switch, and also to help the larval fish attach to the cultured fish and prevent the big fish from hurting the larval fish. Specifications can be selected from 10~40w to 40w.
Thermometer: There must be an accurate and readable thermometer in the aquarium with colorful angelfish, and it should be placed in an obvious position, so that you can observe the change of water temperature at any time.
Oxygen device: colorful angelfish does not need high dissolved oxygen, and the fish tank should still have saturated oxygen at any time. The oxygen increasing device in the fish tank provides many functions, the most important thing is to ensure that the organisms in the fish tank can get enough dissolved oxygen, and at the same time, it can prevent the water temperature in the fish tank from stratification. Therefore, the foam stone should be placed near the heating device, so as to ensure that the heat source can be evenly dispersed to all corners.
Water quality testing: the changes of pH value and nitrite of water quality, especially pH value, should be observed at any time. Theoretically, the suitable water quality pH value of colorful angelfish is between 6.0 and 6.5. In fact, due to the evolution and strong adaptability of colorful angelfish, different regions and even the same region have different views on this index. The pH value of my fishing ground is between 7.9 and 8.4 (the water quality of my fishing ground is groundwater, filtered by cotton and activated carbon), and fish are still produced in the fishing ground. Cities in northeast China, such as Dalian, Anshan, Changchun and Harbin, have different grasp of pH value. This is not to say that colorful angelfish are not strict with pH value, but that the requirements are determined by the same area, the same fishing ground and the same fish. This is "practice makes perfect" (let the fish adapt to you, not the fish). Breeding larvae with pH value between 7.9 and 8.4 doesn't make sense in color theory. Some aquarium experts in Hongkong and Taiwan Province simply don't believe this reality. Under the conditions of pH 6.0 ~ 6.5 and pH 7.9 ~ 8.4, which is better to cultivate colorful flowers in northern China needs further analysis by experts before reaching a conclusion.
Water quality treatment: there is a famous saying that "fish should be raised first", which is more important for colorful culture. There are two parts to make up water, one is the water treatment before entering the fish tank; The second is the water quality control in the fish tank, that is, the filtration and management system.
The simplest water treatment system mainly removes chlorine and other unnecessary impurities from tap water, and some equipment can be installed between tap water and water tank to extract water. The common method is to install the center and pre-filter. With the development of industrialization, the water quality of tap water becomes more unsuitable for color cultivation due to environmental pollution, so it is very important to install the center and pre-filter. In the northern region, electrodialysis is used to treat a large amount of water. In recent years, reverse osmosis technology has developed rapidly and is widely used in color aquaculture. This kind of filter does not need to be equipped with a power device, but works by tap water pressure. It is mainly composed of coarse filtration, carbon filtration and ultrafiltration, which is convenient to assemble and disassemble. It has obvious effect on removing chlorine, heavy metals and residual pesticides in water. In the past, anion exchange resin and magnetic field processor were used to treat water, and the effect was not as obvious and rapid as reverse osmosis.
Feeding management at different stages
Small fish stage (1 ~ 5 cm): At this time, the feeding stage of small fish is the most important, and it takes 2 ~ 3 hours to feed once. How much can a small fish eat in one meal? The calculation method is based on the principle of eating within 3 minutes. So when feeding, don't give too much, don't give too much if you don't have enough to eat, don't eat enough, being hungry is good for your health. The food can be frozen shrimp or nematodes. During this period, the small fish were fed many times, so the water quality must be treated well. Water can be changed twice a day, the water exchange rate is above 80%, and the water temperature is controlled between 28-30℃.
Mid-fish stage (4 ~ 12 cm): At this time, the main food is hamburger, supplemented by red shrimp, and the feeding frequency can be reduced to more than three times a day. Because the color of Chinese fish is gradually expanding, we should give it a wide place, during which the color growth rate is relatively slow, and the water change can be half or one third every day.
Adult fish period (12~ 14cm): Colorful colors will not be officially displayed until after the adult fish period 12cm. At this time, the seven-color fairy will begin to pair up, the body color will become more gorgeous, and the black halo outline of the upper and lower fins will also deepen and occupy the territory. At this time, adult fish can be fed twice a day, mainly hamburgers In terms of changing water, you can change one-third every day.
Breeding fish: since it is called "breeding fish", it means that the fish has begun to breed. It must be remembered that it is very tiring for parents to raise their young. At this time, a small amount of red worms or hamburgers should be fed to replenish physical strength and reduce pollution. Changing water depends on personal means. Don't listen to what others say. Personal experience is the right thing.
The bait put forward by colorful immortals
Hamburg: It's a homemade colorful fairy feed. Every homemade hamburger is different, and each one has its own recipe. Its ingredients are mainly beef heart, shrimp, fish, squid, chicken and so on. , plus some vegetables, such as spinach, carrots, tomatoes, and some yeast chips and spirulina powder. After being stirred and crushed, it will be frozen in the refrigerator and fed to the fish at any time.
Red worm: colorful immortals like this bait best, but live bait is dangerous to cause disease. It is best to put it in the freezer and feed it safely. However, it should be noted that red worms cannot be frozen for too long. Over time, red worms will turn black due to oxidation, and sometimes they will rot. Therefore, it is best to choose some high-quality red worms to freeze. If you feed some live red worms, you must disinfect them before using them.
Earthworms (nematodes): This bait is an insect that grows in mud. Qicai likes to eat this bait, but the nutritional value of this bait is low, which directly affects the color of Qicai fairy. It is recommended to use a small amount.
Colorant: At present, colorant has become a fixed part of multicolored feed. There is no need to blame this unfair behavior, because even in the wild and colorful Amazon basin, natural colorants can be found, and there are various colorants on the market. It has been made into feed granules or used as pure raw materials, and can be mixed with feeds such as hamburgers. This colorant can be extracted from nature, such as spirulina and astaxanthin.
[Edit this paragraph] Common causes of colorful immortals
1. Environmental water quality factors
(1) Acute injury caused by fishing;
(2) inadaptability or sudden change of 2)pH;
(3) The hardness does not adapt or changes suddenly;
(4) the water temperature does not adapt or suddenly changes;
(5) insufficient dissolved oxygen;
(6) Nitrogen-containing waste in water; The concentration of ammonia and nitrite is too high;
(7) Stimulation or pollution of therapeutic drugs;
(8) Other bad water quality factors.
2. Pathogen infection
(1) Viral pathogen: At present, the data of viral diseases of colorful angelfish are incomplete, but it does exist according to domestic and foreign literature reports. Some articles pointed out that the colorful angelfish virus has been isolated by academic institutions and initially identified as IPN-like virus.
(2) Bacterial pathogens: There are many kinds of bacterial pathogens, mostly conditional pathogens, which only appear when the water quality environment deteriorates; Fish only press; When the resistance drops, it will multiply and cause diseases. Common pathogens are: Aeromonas; Edwardsiella; Slip away bacteria; Streptococcus; Mycobacterium.
(3) Protozoan pathogens: including six kinds of flagellates; Trichinella spiralis; Double flagellates; Properiflagellates white spot worm; Inclined tube worm; Tetrahymena; Bollworm; Ciliates come out at night and wait.
(4) Pathogens of oblate animals: including Dactylogyrus.
(5) Nematode pathogens: including capillary nematodes; Camel nematodes; Pinworm, etc.
(6) Fungal pathogens: including water mold; Fistula species.
3. Fish health factors
(1) The feeding density is not suitable;
(2) unbalanced nutrition, long-term lack of certain vitamins, minerals or trace elements;
(3) Large and small fish are mixed, and individual differences are too great;
(4) The fish species mixed with Qicai are not suitable, and Qicai is frightened or attacked;
(5) Latent diseases or chronic diseases.
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