As a faculty member, it is necessary to carefully design a lesson plan. With the help of the lesson plan, the teaching work can be made more scientific. So the question is, how should the lesson plan be written? The following are 3 lesson plans for "Encouraging Learning" that I carefully compiled. They are for reference only. Let's take a look together. "Encouraging Learning" Lesson Plan Chapter 1

Teaching Purpose

1. Learn from Xunzi’s discussion on the meaning of learning and learning attitude.

2. Master and accumulate 12 commonly used content words in classical Chinese such as "persuade, learn, youth, middle, disease, cause, false, absolutely, xing, gong, strong, and use"; learn 3 commonly used function words in classical Chinese "yu, zhe, and"; memorize them "You (you), exposed (exposure), born (xing), 褮 (煣), Zhi (wisdom), almost (yu) and other ancient and modern characters and Tongjia characters.

3. Understand how to present the central argument from three perspectives.

4． Learn how to use metaphors to represent metaphors and allegorize metaphors.

Teaching focus

1. Learn how to use metaphors to represent metaphors and allegorize metaphors.

2. Master important function words and content words in classical Chinese.

Teaching difficulties

Understanding of Xunzi’s view of learning.

First teaching hour

Teaching points

1. Prompt the teaching objectives of this unit and the teaching purpose of this article;

2. Introduce the author and solve the problem;

3. Correct characters and correct pronunciation;

4. Understand the meaning and usage of the key words in classical Chinese in this article;

5. Try to translate difficult sentences.

Teaching process

1. Prompt the teaching objectives of this unit and the teaching purpose of this article.

2. Preview inspection.

3. Introduce new lessons.

Importing from the text "For Learning" that I learned in the first grade of junior high school, I pointed out that both it and this article use metaphors to talk about the principles of learning.

4. Author introduction (combined with notes ①).

Xunzi (approximately 313 BC - 238 BC), whose name was Kuang and also named Qing, was a native of Zhao State at the end of the Warring States Period. He once studied in Qi and served as the Lanling Order of Chu State. Later, he lost his official position and wrote books at home. After his death, he was buried in Lanling. Xunzi was a thinker and educator in ancient my country, the last representative of Pre-Qin Confucianism, and the master of simple materialism.

5. Solve the problem.

The word "persuade" in "Encourage Learning" plays a leading role in the entire article. In this article titled "Encouraging Learning", the author encourages people to keep learning. Only in this way can they increase their knowledge, develop their talents, and cultivate noble moral character.

6. Guide students to deal with difficult problems in text words and sentences.

1. Compare the annotations and use the dictionary to determine the correct pronunciation of the character

輮róu通煣有yu通 also knows that zhì is the ancient character for "wisdom", pù is already the ancient character for "exposure", xìngtongxing

2． Annotate the 12 key commonly used content words in classical Chinese in this lesson to understand their meaning and usage.

3. Combined with "Thinking and Practice" 2, understand the usage of commonly used function words "yu", "zhe" and "er" in classical Chinese:

4. Students try to translate difficult sentences, and teachers provide guidance and corrections.

5. Name a student to read the text aloud, and other students will listen and read, and point out the wrong pronunciation and tone of words.

7. Assign homework.

1. Read the annotations carefully and correctly understand the common false characters, commonly used false and true words in key classical Chinese, and difficult-to-understand sentences in the text.

2. Written Assignments: "Thinking and Practicing" II, III, IV.

3. Read the text thoroughly, conduct a preliminary self-analysis of the text, and ask questions:

(1) From what angle are each of the three paragraphs of the text discussed?

(2) What does each set of metaphors in the text mean? What is the intrinsic connection between them in meaning?

Second teaching hour

Teaching points

1. The meaning and inner connection of each group of metaphors;

2. Discuss the three central perspectives;

3. Characteristics of metaphor.

Teaching process

1. Check and preview.

2. Study the text. "Encouraging Learning" Lesson Plan Part 2

Teaching Objectives

Knowledge Objectives

1. Understand Xunzi’s discussion of the meaning, role and attitude towards learning.

2. Recite the full text.

Competency objectives

1. Learn the methods of metaphorical argumentation and comparative argumentation in this article, and improve students’ ability to make reasonable arguments around the central argument.

2. Master the meanings of the five polysemous words "jue, qiang, false, wang, and smell", and accumulate four tongjiazi and three classical Chinese function words.

Moral education goals

Clearly understand the importance of learning and the principle that learning must be "accumulated", "persistent" and "concentrated".

Teaching focus

1. The meaning and inner connection of metaphors.

2. Recite the full text and accumulate classical Chinese words.

Teaching Difficulties

Master the characteristics of metaphorical representation in the whole text, allegorical metaphors and repeated arguments from both positive and negative aspects.

Teaching methods

1. Outline teaching method. Using writing on the blackboard as an outline drives each teaching link, which is conducive to students' recitation and understanding.

2. Combining the prompting method with the discussion method. Decompose the meaning of the metaphorical sentence and analyze the relationship with the central argument. The teacher demonstrates the analysis of the second paragraph and teaches the students the method using diagrams. Then, in groups of three, they use this method to solve problems in other sentences to train students' thinking and reasoning ability and improve Their ability to understand things and analyze things.

3. Explore and expand the method. Design some exploratory thinking questions, such as: "What exactly does "Encouraging Learning" persuade people to learn?" "Some people say that "Encouraging Learning" is an article with strong humanistic characteristics, and always puts "people" in an important position in the discussion. . How do you understand this?" Wait, train students' ability to explore thinking, and improve students' thinking quality.

Teaching aid preparation

Recorder, teaching tape, projector, multimedia CAI.

Class Arrangement

2 Class Hours

Teaching Steps

Preview Outline

1. Read the text aloud and combine it with annotations , with the help of reference books, master the pronunciation, form and meaning of important words.

2. Combine with comments to clarify the meaning of the text.

The first lesson

[Teaching Points]

Introduction to the author, problem solving. Read the text carefully and grasp the meaning of the text. Teachers and students study paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 together and recite paragraphs 1, 2, and 3.

　[Teaching Process]

1. Introduction Design

Bacon said that knowledge is power. Gorky has a famous saying: "Books are the ladder of human progress." So, what is the way to acquire knowledge? There is only one answer, and that is learning. It can be said that people are in constant learning throughout their lives, and learning is a human instinct. What we want to study is how to transform this unconscious instinct into conscious behavior and greatly improve learning efficiency. In this regard, the ancients have pointed out the direction for us. Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning" written more than 2,000 years ago incisively discussed the importance of learning and the methods and attitudes that should be adopted for learning. It is a penetrating and well-known masterpiece. Let’s study this together today. (Title of writing on the blackboard)

2. Introduction to Xunzi

Students read the notes ①, and the teacher added (multimedia display):

He was Xun Qing, a native of Zhao during the late Warring States period. He once traveled to Qi, Qin and Chu to study. Han Fei and Li Si were both his students.

Xunzi was the last representative figure of Pre-Qin Confucianism, and he and Mencius, who preceded him, became two opposing factions in Confucianism. He abandoned the retro-conservative tendency of Confucianism, emphasized the importance of acquired learning, paid attention to people's subjective initiative, valued the role of education, and emphasized the importance of educational functions. These were all more reasonable and progressive than the previous ideas.

Xunzi's prose is thorough in reasoning, powerful in momentum, simple in language, concise and dense in syntax, often uses parallelism, and is good at using metaphors. It is known as "the greatest achievement of all scholars".

3. Problem Solving

The word “persuade” in “Encourage Learning” plays a leading role in the whole article. "Persuade" means "to exhort." The traditional Chinese character "Quan" is a pictophonetic character. Any word with "Li" as the form next to it, most of them have the meaning of "encouragement", such as "Li", "Nu", etc. This is the original meaning of "Persuasion". In modern Chinese, "persuade" is interpreted as "dissuade", and the meaning of the word has changed. In this article titled "Encouraging Learning", the author encourages people to keep learning. Only in this way can they increase their knowledge, develop their talents, and cultivate noble moral character.

4. Read the text carefully and grasp the meaning of the text

1. Listen to the recording or teacher’s sample reading

2. Check the students’ word accumulation

Projection:

Add Braille phonetic notation to the following, please indicate if it is a Chinese character. < /p>

(4) The song is within the rules

5. Teachers and students study the text together

1. Study the second paragraph

(1) Students read the second paragraph together

(2) Ask students to find the things and characteristics discussed in this paragraph

(3) The five metaphors mentioned above are discussed The meaning of learning is to improve yourself and change yourself. Are they parallel or arranged in sequence? Please analyze and explain.

Students think and discuss.

Clear: It can be seen from the argumentation that this paragraph can be divided into two levels: ① As long as people keep learning, they can develop and improve; ② Only by being knowledgeable can people increase their knowledge, cultivate moral character, and exercise their talents. , that is, to achieve "knowing clearly and acting without fault." These two levels are not parallel, but extend and expand.

(4) Students read the second paragraph together and recite the second paragraph using the word outline as a clue.

The teacher reminds you to focus on the words you should master: ①②有③与④中.

2. Study paragraph 3

(1) Students read paragraph 3 together.

(2) Ask students to find the sentence in this paragraph that best explains the author’s point of view.

Clearly: A gentleman is not different from others, he is good at fake things.

Question: What metaphors did the author choose to demonstrate this point of view? Based on the paragraph outline, expand and add a word outline.

Clearly: Standing on one's legs and looking up to gain a better view

Climbing high to see someone is far away

Those who hear the wind call will be enlightened

False opinions and horses are sent to you Thousands of Miles

A fake boat can cut off a river

(3) Students are required to imitate the thinking and reasoning model in paragraph 2. A group of four people at the front and back tables discuss and analyze the reasoning process of this paragraph.

Student discussion.

Teacher’s Explanation: In the process of learning, each of our students has certain external environment and conditions, including good times and bad times. The key lies in each person's own efforts, carrying forward the spirit of subjective initiative, not only making use of existing conditions, but also learning to create conditions to transform the environment. British Prime Minister Churchill originally stuttered and later became a speaker. This is a typical example of turning disadvantages into advantages.

(4) Students read paragraph 3 together, compare it with the word outline, and try to recite it.

The teacher emphasizes the words that should be mastered: ①肂②正③Jue④false

3. Students read paragraphs 2 and 3 aloud and recite paragraphs 1, 2, and 3.

6. Assign homework

1. Recite the text.

2. Complete exercises two and three.

Second Lesson

[Teaching Points]

Teachers and students study the 4th paragraph together and recite the 4th paragraph; summarize the writing characteristics of this article ; Carry out exploratory training to improve students’ thinking quality. Classify and summarize classical Chinese knowledge and summarize the full text.

［Teaching process］

1. Check recitation

Students recite it together, and then randomly check two students to recite independently.

2. Teachers and students study paragraph 4 together

1. Students read paragraph 4 together.

2. Ask students to list the word outline of this paragraph and use diagrams to show the reasoning process of this paragraph.

Students discuss and analyze.

Teacher makes it clear

3. With the help of word outlines and reasoning diagrams, students can follow the diagrams and try to recite.

The teacher reminds us of the words that should be mastered: ①謬②镂③一④啂⑤Zhi

Make a key analysis of "Zhi": "Zhi" and "Zhi" in the following two sentences What's the difference between "to"?

①Therefore, if you don’t accumulate small steps, you can’t reach a thousand miles.

②Those who pretend to be horses are not self-sufficient, but will travel a thousand miles.

The original meaning of "Zhi" in "Shuowen Jiezi" is "the bird flies from high to low to the ground", which is extended to "reach, reach". The first sentence emphasizes that it has accumulated "steps" to achieve As a result, "to" is used to highlight the center of paragraph 4. "Zhi" is explained in "Shuowen Jiezi" as "to send achievements, and they must go to their destination." It means "to make... reach". The second sentence emphasizes the important role of "good deeds in things", using "To" appropriately expresses the semantic meaning.

4. Students memorize paragraph 4 together.

3. Analyze and summarize the writing characteristics of this article

Question: As an argumentative essay, what are the writing characteristics of this article?

Students choose relevant sentences from the text to answer.

Clear: ① metaphorical reasoning, clear images; ② positive and negative contrastive arguments, flexible and full of changes; ③ full of momentum, fluent reasoning, using parallelism and parallelism.

Require students to experience it repeatedly while reading aloud.

IV. Inquiry-based reading training

1. Question: Xunzi advocated that "learning is the last resort". This "learning" certainly refers to "learning", but in the end he "persuaded" people What to study?

Students may answer: learn cultural knowledge.

The teacher denied, pointed out and extended: In the text, Xunzi said: "A gentleman is knowledgeable and examines himself every day, then he will know clearly and act without mistakes." From the word "gu" in the previous sentence, this means This is the conclusion reached by Xunzi through a set of metaphors. From this point of view, Xunzi's encouragement to learn is to "advise" people to first learn to be a good person. In addition, the sentence "Accumulate good deeds and become virtuous, and the gods are virtuous, and the holy heart is prepared" also focuses on the cultivation of moral character. In Xunzi's view, learning can transform people's evil nature and improve their moral character. Therefore, the object of learning is clear, that is, the learning of moral character.

Sentences in "Encouragement to Learning" that were not selected for this article include: "Is learning bad at the beginning? Is it bad at the end? It is said... one begins as a scholar and ends up becoming a saint." "A gentleman's learning is based on beauty." "Its body", these sentences can also prove that Xunzi's exhortation to people to learn is to allow people to perfect themselves and eventually become a real person. Countless facts from history and reality prove that only by establishing virtue can a person be established, and only by advocating virtue can a country be governed.

To this day, the great voices of the sages still echo over modern cities and villages, leading people to seek beauty and goodness. Governing the country by virtue, doesn’t the implementation of citizens’ moral standards confirm this? The incident of Liu Haiyang hurting a bear is indeed worthy of our deep thought, and it makes us deeply understand some of the shortcomings of modern education.

Of course, Xunzi’s teaching methods and attitudes that require accumulation, persistence, and concentration in learning are also inspiring and guiding for us to learn scientific and cultural knowledge.

2. Question: Some people say that "Encouraging Learning" is an article with strong humanistic characteristics. From the beginning to the end, "people" are always placed in an important position. "People" are essentially It is the main theme that is chanted repeatedly in this article. Through the text, we can find out who is written about in the article?

The students made it clear: "Gentleman" and "I". A gentleman "learns a lot and examines himself every day", "knows clearly and acts without fault", "is good at falsehoods"; I "think about it all day long" and "stand up and look", knowing that "it is not as good as what I learned in a moment" "the wisdom of climbing high" " Those who know the effects of "climbing high and calling", "calling with the wind", "fake horses" and "fake boats" are those who "know fake things". But "I" is a lower level than "gentleman".

The teacher’s appropriate extension: Xunzi believed that human nature is evil, and advocated that education should be used to cultivate and etiquette be used to restrain "evil" and promote "good", and avoid "evil" and become "good" ”, so the article shows us two people in different realms, highlighting the importance of learning.

3. Please describe "The hemp growing in the hemp can stand upright without support; the white sand is in nirvana, and it is black with it." Insert the two sentences into the most suitable paragraphs of this article, and briefly explain the reasons.

Students think.

The teacher briefly explained: Ming Ming: sincere and dedicated, working hard. Zhaozhao: Obviously. 惛惛: Same as "明明". Hehe: obviously grand.

The question should be answered from the anaphoric relationship of words. "Peng Sheng Ma Zhong" points out the external environment, which is consistent with the "things" of "being kind to falsehoods in things", and the third paragraph of "Encouraging Learning" discusses the role of "being kind to falsehoods in things", so it should be placed in the third paragraph end. The words "accumulation", "perseverance" and "intention" in the fourth paragraph echo the words "惛惛", so the second sentence should be placed at the end of the fourth paragraph.

(This analysis raises the understanding of the text content to the level of philosophical beauty, allowing students to accept the influence of beauty)

5. Classification and induction of classical Chinese knowledge

1. Multimedia display topic by topic:

(1) Choose one item that has the same meaning in ancient and modern times ( )

A. There is no one who can rely on other than the snake eel's lair

B. The earthworm has no claws and claws

C. The intention is the same

D. The late emperor did not regard his ministers as mean

(2) From the following four sentences, find One sentence that is different from the other three sentences ( )

A. The earthworm has no claws and teeth, but the strength of the sinews and bones

B. Green, taken from blue, and green from Blue

C. Asking for help can help those who repay the Qin Dynasty

D. Many people were burned and drowned by the troops

Choose three students to answer.

Clearly: (1) B (A. Sustenance: entrusting oneself, sojourning, the current meaning refers to entrusting ideal feelings to specific people or things. C. Intention: refers to ideological activities, the current meaning refers to Study hard and be willing to use your brain when encountering problems. D. Despicable: refers to low status and short-sightedness. Today’s meaning mostly refers to quality and moral corruption)

(2) B (4 sentences are all modified sentences, A , C, and D are all attributive postpositions, and B is an adverbial postposition)

2. Choose five students to complete after-class exercise 2 and accumulate common classical Chinese content words.

6. Class Summary

This article is a masterpiece by Xunzi, a famous thinker and writer in the pre-Qin era. It uses 20 metaphors to repeatedly demonstrate the meaning and role of learning. He is a master of words with his witty words and the power to stir people's hearts. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Five Hegemons and Seven Heroes emerged one after another, and hundreds of schools of thought were active in the political and literary circles. They not only left behind their glorious thoughts and theories through the ages, but also left behind their masterpieces of language and art. Students should carry forward the spirit of being studious and tireless, set their sights on ancient and modern times, both at home and abroad, and absorb rich nutrients from the world to nourish themselves.

The full text ends with the students’ recitation.

7. Assign homework

1. Based on Xunzi’s “Encouragement to Learn”, write a post-reading review titled: Learning is valuable and perseverant – your thoughts after reading “Xunzi’s Encourage to Learn”.

2. Complete the post-class thinking exercise three. "Encouraging Learning" Lesson Plan Part 3

Teaching Background

Try to combine the teaching of classical Chinese with the teaching of argumentative essay writing, and explore new methods of combining reading and writing.

Implementation strategies

This lesson is designed to teach students three major aspects of knowledge through the explanation of the text

(1) Several content words and function words in the text How to use;

(2) Understand the importance of learning and the principle that learning must be concentrated and perseverant;

(3) Learn to write argumentative essays and master one of the arguments Methods and techniques of using point-by-point method to conceive.

Teaching strives to embody the idea of ??student development.

It mainly combines the teacher's explanation with students' reading summary and memorization. Students are familiar with the text content through reading aloud, guide students to recite the text through slide presentation, and intuitively learn the role of sub-arguments in the central argument. The positive role of , About the author:

Xun Kuang (about 313 BC ~ 238 BC), a native of Zhao. A thinker and educator in the late Warring States period, people at that time respectfully called him Xun Qing. When he went to Chu State in his later years, Lord Chun Shen appointed him as the Lanling Order. He later lived in Lanling and wrote books, and was buried in Lanling after his death.

Xun Kuang was the last representative of Pre-Qin Confucianism and the master of simple materialism. Emphasizes the importance of acquired learning and believes that acquired environment and education can change human nature.

Xunzi’s works include thirty-two chapters in Xunzi. "Encouraging Learning" is the first chapter of "Xunzi". It reflects Xunzi's educational thoughts and is an important article discussing learning issues in ancient my country. The full text discusses the importance of learning and the principle that learning must be accumulated over a long period of time, with perseverance and concentration.

2. Problem Solving:

The word "persuade" in "Encouraging Learning" plays a guiding role in the entire article. The teacher first writes the word "advise" on the blackboard and asks: What does this word mean? Students often answer without thinking: "advise". The teacher takes this opportunity to add the word "learn" after the word "persuasion" and then asks: What does "persuasion" mean? Only then will the students realize that it also means "exhortation". In psychology, this is called establishing an "attention center" for students. In this article titled "Encouraging Learning", people are encouraged to keep learning. Only in this way can they increase their knowledge, develop their talents, and cultivate noble moral character.

3. Students try to translate difficult sentences in the text, and the teacher provides corrections: (This content is omitted)

4. Explain the use of metaphors and analyze them

Explanation : Metaphor is a method of explaining things and is used for argumentation, which is called "metaphor argument". (Often also called "metaphorical argument") Its basic principle is to "use what you know to express what you don't know", that is, using common things and phenomena in life to illustrate profound truths. (Fables are also a type of metaphor, such as "Walking at night following the table", "Carving a boat to seek a sword", etc.)

(1) Read and analyze paragraph 1 of the analysis.

1. Preparation for reading. First divide the rhythm into the following sentences (students try and the teacher corrects them):

2. Students practice reading.

Read it twice to yourself first, and then have the teacher read it once, and then check the students' memorization, pointing out that the key is to clarify the literature and science.

3. The first paragraph: literary and scientific analysis.

Step one: Find the point of view

1. Question: Which sentences in this passage express the author’s point of view? (Starting and concluding sentences)

2. Question: It says at the beginning: "You can't stop learning", followed by a series of metaphors. Do these metaphors prove this point? (It does not directly prove this point, but is used to prove the conclusion of the sentence. )

3. Question: What is the relationship between the views expressed in the opening sentence and the concluding sentence?

(The latter is used to prove the former - "Erudent and knowledgeable." "Ji" has the effect of "knowing what is clear and acting without fault", so "learning can't be done".)

4. Question: In the sentence "A gentleman is knowledgeable and he reflects on himself day by day", which of Does the word mean "can't do it"?

(If you want to "bet", it means "can't do it"; "日" also means "can't stop".)

Chapter Step 2: Clarify the connotation of metaphor

1. Question: How many groups of metaphors can be divided into in this passage?

2. Question: Can these three groups of metaphors be divided? Do you think this is a simple repetition? (No, because the angles of the three are different.)

3. Ask again: Where are the different angles reflected?

Read this paragraph skillfully.

Students memorize the slides together, first self-check and mutual check, and then the teacher checks.

(2) Read the second paragraph and analyze it.

In the second paragraph of liberal arts analysis, the teacher raised several questions and focused on student group discussion and analysis.

1. Question: What metaphors are there in this paragraph? Let’s list them first.

2. Question: What is the function of each of these metaphors?

3. Question: The words "good and false to things" in the concluding sentence refer to the four groups of metaphors above. They are Is it not a simple repetition? Are the fake things of the same nature?

Students should read and recite this paragraph.

(3) Read paragraph 3 and analyze it.

The third paragraph of liberal arts analysis focuses on students’ independent learning.

5. Summarize the full text, combined with the writing of argumentative essays, to guide students in the writing of argumentative essays.

1. Central content.

You can’t stop learning (central argument) (explain “what”)

Only by “not stopping” can you “know clearly and act without mistakes” - meaning (part one of the points); Only by "not stopping" can we "be good at things" - Function (part two) (explain the "why")

Only by "not stopping" can we achieve accumulation, persistence and concentration - attitude and method (The third argument) (explain "how to do it")

Teacher's analysis:

The author's views discussed in this article are related to his "evil nature" Inseparable. Because of "evil nature", it needs to be reformed. After reformation, one can become good, and the method of reformation is education. This kind of education and reform has a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, so it is also said that "accumulating good deeds becomes virtue, and the gods are content with it" , the holy heart is ready."

2. The use of metaphors.

The metaphors in this article have two major characteristics: first, the method is flexible, and similar things are used side by side to strengthen the effect; sometimes metaphors are used to illustrate the same principle from both positive and negative sides, such as "The Qiji leaps... …The merit lies in never giving up.” The second is to repeatedly use metaphors to gradually deepen the content.

3. The use of contrast (contrast).

Explanation: Contrast is a way of writing, that is, two related things (including similar things and opposite things) are cited at the same time, and their sentence structures are also the same or roughly the same.

Let students give examples (comparisons of similar things, such as "green, taken from blue, and green from blue; ice, from water, but cold from water", "wood is straight when roped, gold is If you sharpen your teeth, you will benefit" and so on; the opposite of things, such as "a horse can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can drive ten times, but the merit is not given up", "an earthworm has no claws and teeth to benefit...it's just a matter of impatience.")

6. Assign homework

1. Recite the full text proficiently

2. Complete the assignments "Thinking and Practice" 3, 4 and 5

Reflection on teaching

This class is a new attempt to combine classical Chinese and composition teaching. The ability to read, analyze and speak has been improved. Unfortunately, one class hour of study time cannot be used to learn from the new teaching of classical Chinese. The biggest shortcoming is the transition from class teaching to writing ability training. I plan to try this combination again in future teaching, hoping to achieve a state of ease.