Han Yu (Han Yu)
Han Wengong's name has changed more and more. Speaking of this harmony word, there is a much-told story. Han Yu's parents died early and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law since childhood. In a blink of an eye, it's school age. Sister Zheng wants to give her brother a beautiful and elegant scientific name. On this day, Zheng opened the book year, choosing a word on the left was too bad, and choosing a word on the right was too vulgar. Half an hour later, he still didn't choose a suitable scientific name for his brother. Han Yu stood watching. Seeing that it was difficult for my sister-in-law to name him, she asked, "Sister-in-law, what are you going to name me?" Zheng Dao: Your brother's name is Hui and your second brother's name is Jie. Hui and Jie are both herringbone heads, symbolizing that both want to be the first of all, Hui is gathering, and Jie is frank. They all mean well. Your third brother's scientific name should also be preceded by someone, and its meaning should be more refined. Hearing this, Han Yu immediately said, "Sister-in-law, you don't need to talk. This person is the head. " Hearing this, Zheng quickly closed the book and asked his younger brother, "What are the benefits of more words?" Han Yudao "The more, the more. When I grow up, I must do something great. I will surpass the ancients and never be a mediocre person. " Hearing this, the eldest sister-in-law clapped her hands and shouted, "Good! All right! You really know how to name, what a word' Yu'! " How can Han Yu give himself such a beautiful and elegant name? It turns out that he has been smart since he was a child and has read many classics. He has been literate since he was three years old and can remember thousands of words every day. Before he was seven years old, he had finished reading the works of various philosophers. That extraordinary talent and cultural accomplishment made him ambitious early, and the word "Yu" was revealed by his teenage mind. When he was nineteen, he was already a brilliant young man. This year coincides with the opening of the imperial examination. Zheng packed his bags and sent him to Beijing to take the exam. When he arrived in Beijing, he only cared about himself, thinking that he would win the prize when he entered the city, and never took his companions seriously. As a result, others were admitted, but he failed in Sun Shan. Later, I lived in Beijing for several years in a row, took the exam four times in a row, and finally got the thirteenth place. After that, I entered the palace three times in a row and didn't get an official position. Because the money had been spent, he moved from Kyoto to Luoyang and asked his friends for help. In Luoyang, a friend was engaged to Miss Lu, who was both talented and charming. Teacher Lu's father joined the army in Henan, which is very promising. Han Yu lives in his house and is going to marry Miss Lu some other day. Teacher Lu is lively and frank. On the one hand, she admires Han Lang's talent; on the other hand, she worries about Han Lang's pride. She has thought many times that it is time to persuade Lang Jun to do something in the future, but how to persuade him? After dinner that day, the two chatted about poems and songs. During the conversation, Han Yu mentioned his frustration in seeking an official position in recent years. Miss Lu said kindly, "Xianggong doesn't have to worry about this anymore. Frustration in the examination room is a long-term thing. My father always praises my knowledge and sincerity. I think you will do something in the future, but this field has suffered many setbacks and must have its own shortcomings. Now it's time to find out why. " Han Yu nodded frequently after hearing this, saying to himself that Miss Lu was very insightful, and then said, "What Miss Lu said is very reasonable. As the saying goes, you can't see the black on your face. Please give us your advice. " Miss Lu laughed and said, "You are really a smart man!" Immediately, he spread out a piece of paper and wrote: People seek truth, fire seeks guilty conscience, and if they want to achieve great things, they must retreat first. Han Yu held a message and thought for a moment: this is the dirty words of miss! Since ancient times, pride goes before a fall. What I lack is modesty. The word "more" is evidence. So, he immediately chose the last two words in Teacher Lu's message: quit and give himself a new name.
Han Yu advocated the unification of the world politically and opposed the separatist regime in the buffer regions. When I was in Tang Xianzong, I worked with Pei Du to quell the rebellion in Huaixi buffer region. The political differences between him and Liu Zongyuan did not affect their joint advocacy of the ancient prose movement. They oppose excessive pursuit of formal parallel prose, advocate prose and emphasize the importance of article content. Han Yu, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", was once demoted to Chaozhou for giving advice to Buddhist bones. Later, due to good governance, he moved the capital to Yuanzhou, that is, Yichun, Jiangxi, and secretariat Yuanzhou. During his tenure in Yuanzhou, Han Yu made outstanding achievements and cultivated the first scholar in Jiangxi Province at that time. Now there is a sandbar in Jiangxiu, Yichun, called Zhuangyuanzhou. Legend is the place where students studied in those days. The highest mountain in Yichun City has Zhuangyuan Building and Changli Road in Yichun City, all to commemorate Han Yu's special achievements.
Literary works
In the theory of literary creation, he thinks that Tao (that is, benevolence and righteousness) is the purpose and content, and literature is the means and form, emphasizing that literature carries Tao and literature combines with Han Yu's stone statue.
First, give priority to Tao. He advocated the study of ancient Chinese prose in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and obtained the works of Zhuang Zhou, Qu Yuan, Sima Qian, Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong. It advocates that the past should not be forgotten, and that the future should be a teacher, innovating on the basis of inheritance, and that "words must come out" and "words must be done". Pay attention to the writer's moral cultivation, and put forward the theory of nourishing qi, "If qi is strong, short words and high voices are appropriate" (answer to Li Yishu). Put forward the argument that "injustice makes noise". It is believed that the author's injustice to reality is the reason for deepening his works. In the style of his works, he emphasizes "strangeness" and takes strangeness as good. Han Yu is listed as the first of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", and is mentioned with Du Fu, and is known as "Du Fu's Poems of North Korea".
Poetry creation
He also made new explorations in poetry creation. The so-called "writing as poetry" is unique, and rhyme creates the poetic style of "reasoning poetry school". Of course, his poems also have the shortcomings of prose and discussion, which has a bad influence on future generations.
argue
On Han Yu's Full Portrait
Wen occupies an important position in Han Wenzhong. The novellas that focus on respecting Confucianism and opposing Buddhism include The Original Road, The Buddha's Bone Table, The Original Nature, The Teacher's Commentary and so on. Most of them are well organized, well organized. Miscellaneous essays such as Miscellaneous Notes and Enlightenment satirize the current social situation, with clever metaphors and profound implications; Novels, such as "Sending Poor Articles" and "Learning Solutions", adopt the form of question and answer, with humorous strokes, strange ideas and sharp edges. Literary thoughts and writing experience are diverse in genre, changeable in writing style, fantastic in image and exquisite in theory. Narrative occupies a large proportion in Han Wenzhong. Scholars who study classics, such as Pinghuai Xibei, use the styles of Shangshu, Ya and Fu, which are large in length and heavy in sentences. Ji Hua directly tells many characters, and its writing style is beyond Shangshu Gu Ming and Zhou Li's Examination of Gong Ji's Zi Renzhi. Inherit the tradition of historical prose in Historical Records, such as the famous Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng, which combines narration, discussion and lyric in one furnace. Draw lessons from Historical Records and Hanshu to portray vivid and strange characters without discussion, such as the epitaph of Wang Jun in Dali and the epitaph of Zhang Jun in Qinghe. Memorizing literary friends can highlight the characteristics of different writers, such as Epitaph of Liu Zihou, Epitaph of Nanyang Fan Shaoshu and Epitaph of Mr. Yao Zhen. But in a large number of tombstones and epitaphs, Han Yu also wrote some works of "praising the tomb" (referring to praising the behavior of the deceased and exaggerating all his achievements in the epitaph), which was already ridiculed at that time. Collation of Han Yu's complete works
Odes in lyric articles, such as Ode to Twelve Lang, are written in prose, which breaks through the routine of four rhymes. One kind writes about friendship between friends and hardships in life, with four rhymes, such as Henan Foreign Language and Liu Zihou. In addition, a wild letter with Meng Dongye and a preface to seeing Yang off are also masterpieces with certain appeal. Han Yu's other essays, such as Biography of Mao Ying and Preface to Ding Shilian's Poems, are completely fictional and close to legendary novels. Han Yu's prose is magnificent, vertical and horizontal, odd and even, and clever metaphor; Or cunning, or solemn, with a variety of artistic characteristics; Sweep away the gentle and charming style of writing since the Six Dynasties. He is good at sublating the language of his predecessors and refining the spoken language at that time, such as "flying as a dog" ("seeing poverty"), "doing different things together" and "taking everything" ("learning to understand"), which are widely used in Han Wenzhong. He advocated "preface", created a written prose language extracted from spoken language, and expanded the expressive function of classical Chinese. But he also has an embarrassing sentence. The self-assertion that "it is impossible to do things in good times and entertain yourself" ("Sending the Poor") has a certain influence on future generations. Han Yu is also a famous poet, whose artistic characteristics are mainly strangeness, heroism and strangeness. For example, Lu Hun's Rhyme of Mountain Fire and Huangfu, Poem of Eclipse, Yuchuan Self-made, etc. have strange and profound contents. Nanshan's poems, Yueyang Tower's four ambitions of fighting, Meng Dongye's lost son, etc. Very spectacular. However, in the pursuit of strangeness, Korean poetry is often full of strange words and rhymes. Han Yu also has an unpretentious poem. Korean poetry is ancient and short, but there are also excellent quatrains. For example, in the Seven Laws, I moved to Languan to show my grandnephew, Answering Zhang's Eleven Palace Exercises, Titing Yiliang, Sending Zhang's Twelve Pavilions to Tongguan and Titing Chu Zhao Wang Dian, etc. Han Yu
Among the ancient books of Han Dynasty, Wei Huaizhong's Collection of Works of Mr. Changli of the Five Hundred Music School in Southern Song Dynasty and Waiji are the best. The most popular editions are The Collection of Mr. Changli, The Collection Outside and Legacy (reprinted by Xu Shi Dong in Ming Dynasty). In Qing Dynasty, Gu and Fang Shiju each had a single note on a poem. Qian Zhonglian's Annotation of Han Changli's Poems in the Year is another year's collection of notes. In addition, Jing Yun,, Wang, Shen Qinhan, Fang Cheng, Modern Xu Zhen, etc. The Chronicle of Zi Han written by Hong Xingzu in Song Dynasty is the most detailed. The relevant parts of Zhao Yi's Poems of Oubei, Fang's Zhao Mei and Lin Shu's Korean Studies Law are representative works to comment on his poems. Ma Shuo was selected as a junior high school textbook.
Prose works
Han Yu's prose is rich in content, diverse in forms, clear and concise in language, novel and vivid, which sets a good example for the ancient prose movement. Korean style is unrestrained, full of twists and turns. His prose works can be roughly divided into the following categories: ① Essays can be divided into two categories: one is to promote orthodoxy and Confucianism, such as The Original Road, The Original Nature and Primitive Man; The other kind also has a more or less Ming Dow tendency, but it focuses on reflecting reality and creating dissatisfaction. Moreover, many articles have a kind of anti-vulgar and anti-traditional power, and have a strong emotional tendency in writing, such as the most representative Shi Shuo and Ma Shuo. 2 Essays, compared with essays, essays are more free and casual, long or short, Zhuang or harmonic, and essays vary from thing to thing and have their own uses. For example, "Jin Xuejie" uses questions and answers for irony, and the full text uses rhetoric and prose for comparison and confrontation, so the writing is relaxed and lively. The most famous essays are those that mock reality and have sharp arguments, such as ZaShuo and Huo, which are lively and eclectic in form and have high literary value. (3) Preface (that is, the gift preface) is concise and ingenious, showing all kinds of feelings about the real society, such as the postscript to Zhang Zhongcheng's Biography, the preface to seeing off Li Pangu and the preface to seeing off Meng Dongye. In addition, Han Yu also showed outstanding material narrative ability in biographies and epitaphs, such as Biography of Mao Ying and Epitaph of Liu Zihou. ④ Biography and lyric prose. Han Yu's biographical prose inherits the tradition of Historical Records, portraying characters in narrative, discussing and expressing emotion just right and skillfully. Zhang Zhongcheng's biography is a famous masterpiece. His lyric poem "Ode to Twelve Lang" is also a unique song in mourning poems, which has a strong lyrical color.