Ever since I became a guilty person and lived in this state, I have been in fear. Walk slowly when you have time and play freely. Go up the mountain with those companions into the depths of the forest every day and walk to the end of the winding stream. There are no strange rocks in the deep spring that have never been to.

When you arrive at your destination, leave the grass and sit down, pour out the wine in the pot and get drunk. When you are drunk, you sleep on each other's pillows, and when you fall asleep, you dream. There is a beautiful state of yearning in my heart, and I have the same fun in my dream. Get up when you wake up and go home when you get up. I thought I had swam through all the strangely shaped mountains in this state; But I haven't realized the strangeness and uniqueness of Xishan.

On September 28 this year, I sat in the west pavilion of Hokkeji, overlooking the western hills, and only pointed out the strangeness. So he ordered his servants to cross the Xiangjiang River, cut down thorns and burn weeds along the dyed stream until they reached the top of the mountain. Climb to the top of the mountain, sit down and watch at will. The land in several nearby States is under our seats.

The terrain of these States is rugged, with mountains above and depressions below, like ants, seals and caves, which are only a thousand miles apart. (This is a scene thousands of miles away) Gather, shrink and accumulate in front of your eyes, and nothing can be hidden. Castle peak is around, white water is around, and it is connected with the horizon.

Looking around, it is the same scene. (Climbing to the top of the mountain) Then I realized that this mountain is particularly prominent, unlike a small mound. Vast and boundless, integrated with the atmosphere of heaven and earth, can not get its fate, be friends with nature, do not know its end. (So we) picked up the glass, filled it with wine, and staggered until we got drunk. I didn't know the sun was going down.

Gray twilight, from far away, until I can't see anything and don't want to go back. I just feel that my mind has stopped, my body has dissipated, and I am unconsciously integrated with everything in nature. Then I realized that I had never really toured before, and the real tour started here. So I wrote an article to record this trip to Xishan. This year is Yuan and four years.

2. Original text

I am a man, living in a state of anxiety. Just do it and swim for a long time. The sun is not far from climbing mountains, entering deep forests, returning to streams, secluded springs and rocks. When you arrive, you will sit in the grass and get drunk. If you are drunk, you will lie on the pillow and dream. The meaning is extreme and the dream is very interesting.

Get up, get up and return; I thought the scenery in the whole state was different, but I didn't know the strangeness of Xishan. On September 28 this year, I started pointing fingers because I was sitting in Fahua West Pavilion watching the Western Hills. Then he ordered his servants to cross the Xiangjiang River, where the stream was dyed, hazel fields were burning, and the poor mountains were high. Crawling and crawling, squatting and roaming, and then the soil of several States is padded below.

The potential of its struggle is bleak, if it is like a cave, it is thousands of miles in size, and it can't be hidden. It is dazzling blue and looks like the sky outside. Then knowing is the only thing in the mountain, which is not the same as repairing. You are enthusiastic, but you can't get it; Travel with the creator without knowing his poverty.

If you are full of action, you will be drunk. Pale but dusk, far away, can't see anything, but still don't want to return. The mind is condensed and released, blending with everything. Then I knew I was swimming before I started, and the swimming started. So, write with ambition. It's years old, yuan and four years.

3. The author

Liu Zongyuan, a writer in Tang Dynasty

4. Notes on words

1) People: Like "murder", people who have been tortured and humiliated are sinners. Due to the failure of Yongzhen's innovation, the author was demoted to Yongzhou Sima, so he was called a man. Alas, it's a pity that it passed the "slaughter"

2) State: This state refers to Yongzhou.

3) constant: often.

4) Fear: fear and anxiety. Fear, fear, trembling. This means being afraid of political opponents.

5) Its: If, conjunction.

6) Micro: refers to idle time.

7) Give and do: Go slowly. Shi Shi, the way you walk slowly.

8) Swim: Swim. Long, unrestrained eyes.

9) Day: Every day, the noun of time is used as an adverbial.

10) Disciple: Those companions. Acts, similar people, refers to people who like to visit.

1 1) Poverty: Come to an end.

12) Huixi: a winding stream.

13) Youquan: Youquan.

14) Nothing is far away: there is no distant place that has never been.

15) cover grass: separate grass. Put it on and separate it with your hands.

16) Pour the pot: Empty the wine in the pot. Pour, pour out.

17)? Multiphase: mutual.

18) the meaning is extreme, and dreams are also very interesting: there is a beautiful state of longing in the heart, and dreams have the same fun. The realm that one yearns for. Extreme, extreme, yearning.

19) Sleep: Wake up.

20) thinking: thinking.

2 1) Alien: A strange shape.

22) Wechsler: Never.

23) strange: strange, special.

24) This year: refers to Yuan and four years (809).

25) Fahua: It refers to Huokeji, on Dongshan Mountain in Lingling County.

Extended information 1. Creation background

In the first year of Yuanhe (806), Liu Zongyuan was demoted from Yongzhou to Sima because he participated in the Wang Innovation Movement. After arriving in Yongzhou, his mother died of illness and Wang was executed. He himself is constantly being slandered and attacked by the rulers, and he is depressed. Yongzhou mountains and rivers are strange and dangerous, and many places are still little known.

During this long mourning period, Liu Zongyuan traveled around, seeking novelty and winning, in order to broaden his mind and gain spiritual comfort. Eight Chapters of Yongzhou is the crystallization of travel under this mentality. This article was written in Tang Xianzong Yuanhe four years (809).

Second, appreciate

This paper describes the author's discovery and banquet tour of Xishan, describes the strangeness of Xishan, and expresses his helplessness to the lack of talents and the ugliness of reality. This travel book has beautiful language and complete structure, and the scenery and emotion are completely integrated. The description of the scenery focuses on freehand brushwork and lyricism.

Third, classical Chinese information

(1) common words?

1, I'm a human being (by "killing", I'm guilty)?

2. Dreams are also interesting. (Walking)?

(2) Different meanings in ancient and modern times

1, travel long distances (ancient meaning: aimless; Modern significance: (time and place) is endless)

2, no distance (ancient meaning: no matter; Meaning: no)?

3. People who think that the scenery of each state is different (ancient meaning: everything, this (1)); Modern meaning: summarize everything in a certain range)

4. So write with ambition (ancient meaning: remember; Modern meaning: ambition, ambition. )

5, it is Yuanhe four years (ancient meaning: pronoun, this; Modern meaning: judgment verbs. )

(C) the word polysemy

1, difference

The poor return to the stream (verb, come to an end)

Stop at the height of the mountain (verb, go to the end)

I don't know what poverty is (noun, ending)

Step 2 dream

Dream while sleeping (verb, dream)

Dreams are also interesting (nouns, dreams, dreams)

Step 3 start

I didn't know the strangeness of Xishan from the beginning (adverb, once)

The beginning refers to the difference (adverb, talent)

Swimming is the beginning (verb, start)

Four. Brief introduction of the author

Liu Zongyuan (AD 773-AD 8 19165438+1October 28th), a native of Hedong (now Yongji area in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong" in the Tang Dynasty.

There are more than 140 poems written by Liu Zongyuan, which is one of the few in the Tang Dynasty, but many of them have been handed down from generation to generation. On the basis of his unique life experience, thoughts and feelings, he drew lessons from the artistic experience of his predecessors, exerted his creative talent, created a unique artistic style, and became an outstanding poet representing one school at that time.

Su Shi commented: "It is expensive to dry the cream outside, which seems as light as beauty and as deep as thick." Juxtapose Liu Zongyuan and Tao Yuanming. Liu Zongyuan's existing poems are mostly works after being relegated to Yongzhou, with a wide range of themes and diverse genres.

His narrative poems are simple in writing and vivid in description, and his allegorical poems are vivid in image and profound in meaning. Lyrics are better at expressing their feelings euphemistically and profoundly with fresh and cool writing.

Liu Zongyuan was a good Buddha all his life. He once said, "I have been a good Buddha since I was a child, and I have been seeking his way for thirty years." These 30 years can be roughly divided into three stages: blindness in childhood, fashion in the ruling period and sobriety after being demoted.

During his stay in Chang 'an, he made friends with Wen Chang and other monks who went in and out of the officialdom and literary world. He appreciated the relationship between famous family members and monks Zhi Daolin, Shi Daoan, Hui Yuan and Hui Xiu since the Jin and Song Dynasties, and highly praised the lives of Confucianism and Buddhism at the same time.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Travel Notes of Xishan Banquet

Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Zongyuan