Teacher Meng of a primary school in Sichuan has a deep understanding. No matter what composition, children always start with: "In my life, I have encountered many things, as many as stars …" "In my life, I have experienced many hardships, as many as stones …" Writing has become making up stories, and the content is full of composition routines and using various "high-frequency vocabulary". In fact, the seemingly gorgeous composition is full of loopholes. For many children, writing a composition is quite a headache, and learning from and imitating model essays is the easiest way. Moreover, teachers and parents also recommend model essays to children, hoping that children can learn the writing skills of model essays and improve their writing level.
But the reality is not satisfactory. Children often learn the "routine" of composition, but they don't learn the sincerity and truth needed for writing. At present, the educational model in China is centered on examination scores, and composition accounts for a large proportion in Chinese scores. If you want to get high marks in Chinese, you must write a good composition.
In the period when writing skills and life experience are not mature, students, especially young children, are obviously reluctant to write a complete composition. There is really no good countermeasure except imitating the model essay.
Primary school students should not set the threshold too high and the level of composition should not be too high. Children should be encouraged to use their imagination, observe daily life and things, and guide them to write in their own language instead of judging with the eyes of adults. In addition, if you want to "untie" students' compositions, you must "untie" education.
Schools and parents should further reduce the burden on students, leave more time for students to observe life, cultivate their interest in reading and writing, and exercise their thinking and reading and writing skills; It is necessary to strengthen individualized guidance for students, encourage them to write according to their own experience and inner thoughts, and learn routines without being rigid and blindly using them; Optimize the composition evaluation mechanism, point out the problems existing in conventional composition to students in time, and intervene through grading. After education is solved, students' compositions will naturally get on the right track gradually.
Source: Legal Evening News.
2. Where did the "composition routine" of primary school students come from? Senior Chinese composition skill 1: The composition score depends on the handwriting, and the scoring factor is the first composition test in any form. When the marking teacher marks, it is handwriting at first glance.
Therefore, writing a composition must be done well. Remember, the composition is about content, not calligraphy. Don't scribble.
Tip 2: The test composition is five or six paragraphs, which looks clean and tidy. In the examination composition, we should pay attention to timely segmentation. Three or four paragraphs are few, and eight or nine paragraphs are trivial. Unless there are special circumstances, five or six paragraphs are better.
In addition, the roll surface must be neat and tidy, and don't arbitrarily alter it. In my opinion, it is best not to exceed five lines in each paragraph of the exam composition, and at most five and a half lines.
Don't write a "pregnant composition" in one paragraph. Once the visual fatigue of the marking teacher affects his psychology, his score will be affected.
Pay attention to segmentation if necessary. Tip 3: Color contrast is also the key. It is recommended to use a pen to choose a blue exam composition. All the documents are black.
If you use a very thick and black pen to answer questions, the ink will easily "spill everywhere", which will affect the cleanliness of the test paper. Students are advised to write their compositions with a neutral blue pen that is neither shallow nor deep, and the strokes are neither thick nor thin.
Such a composition is written, which forms a certain visual contrast with the black square. When the marking teacher's eyes are bright, it may take advantage of the score. When writing a composition with a blue gel pen, be careful not to fill the box full. It is recommended to occupy three-quarters of the bottom or left side of the box, so that each line of the composition has a strong sense of hierarchy.
The roller surface is also beautiful. Tip 4: The beginning and the end should be concise, and it is best to start with two and a half lines. In addition to writing with a big belly, "big head composition" is also not allowed.
Candidates are advised to write a composition with two and a half lines at the beginning and the end. No more than three and a half lines at most.
Think about it, a beginning takes up too much space, and the marking teacher's vision will be instantly tired, which will also affect the marking teacher's mood. Tip 5: Write a topic before you start writing. Beautiful topics, such as beauty exam composition, are generally drawn up by candidates themselves, and the topics cannot be too long or too short.
How to draw up a title? Special measures should be taken for candidates with average grades. There are two ways to raise a topic. First, you can search for the topic of composition on Baidu, and you can find similar skills that the composition teacher said.
Second, parents or candidates should turn over the bound volumes of Reader and Youth Digest in the last year, select dozens of wonderful topics according to the subject matter, and memorize them, which may be more useful in the exam. The bound volumes can be bought at the bookstall in the east alley of Ocean Department Store.
Tip 6: Make a hole at the beginning and end of the composition to make it colorful. There are many ways to start an exam composition: six elements, inscription, suspense, quotation, parallelism, personification, questioning, antithesis, metaphor antithesis, combined rhetoric, clever use of allusions, problem solving, celebrity question and answer, and poetry. I hope candidates can prepare some allusions and famous sayings about morality, study, etiquette, patriotism and virtue, which will come in handy then.
At least, when you see the composition, the first seven or eight methods mentioned above will flash in your mind. The ending is also very important.
Generally speaking, the conclusion is a summary of the full text. If it is a narrative, pay attention to lyricism.
If it is argumentative, we should pay attention to induction. In any case, it's best to get the topic right.
How to deduct? If you are really not sure, tell the title of the first sentence of the last paragraph and then summarize the full text. It is suggested that Baidu take a look at the ending method and learn the useful ingredients.
Tip 7: Don't panic before you start writing. Think about the topic and outline it. There are several techniques mentioned above. In fact, sketching is very important in specific operations. For example, when writing a narrative, you should design the beginning and the end, and divide your narrative into several levels. A level is a paragraph, and it would be better if a transitional sentence or paragraph could be set in the middle.
When you make an outline, you must write the beginning and end in detail, and what wonderful words or famous sayings, poems and allusions are interspersed in the middle paragraph, you must write accurately. A qualified student, make an outline, about 5 to 8 minutes.
Grasp the time. If time is tight, the outline should be concise. Tip 8: Think about the theme and style. Unless you are a donkey or a horse, you can't write a composition, either narrative or argumentative.
Generally speaking, it is mostly a "total-sub-total" structure. At the end of the narrative, we should pay attention to lyricism and summing up philosophy. Argumentative papers should be "1-3- 1" or "1-4- 1" with 3 or 4 in the middle, which is a hierarchical problem solving.
Of course, you can also use narrative and discussion methods flexibly. However, it should be noted that argumentative essays should not say so many examples without summarizing the theme, and narrative essays should not forget to say things but say too much.
Therefore, when writing an exam composition, you must think well in advance, and what style to write should be written according to the corresponding style. Tip 9: clone and "plagiarize" appropriately, and prepare materials before the exam. Before the exam, candidates are advised to read a lot of model essays and accumulate some structure of the exam composition.
If you write a narrative, you'd better read Reader and Youth Digest. Some compositions are well structured, so you can summarize the outline and routine of writing. When it comes to the exam, you can use someone else's "basket" and put your own things in it.
About feelings, patriotism, life and other beautiful languages, you can recite three or five sentences respectively, and then copy them directly. This is not plagiarism. We should also pay attention to collecting information on state affairs, current affairs, politics and important news.
For example, last year's Olympic Games, this year's 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the touching story of the Wenchuan earthquake can all be used as the subjects of the examination composition. In addition, there are some nonstandard methods, such as touching stories of other families, which can be moved to their own homes.
This should be used flexibly and carefully in the exam.
3. What is the teacher's evaluation of primary school students' composition routines? I'm afraid everyone has an unforgettable composition experience when they are studying.
Whether the words are quoted or not, whether the layout of the article is sublimated step by step, over time, the composition seems to have a routine. But for primary school students, it is not good to have the taste of routines when they just start learning to write.
Let's take a look at some examples of "routines" of primary school students' compositions told by our Chinese teacher. Some children in Grade One and Grade Two read a lot of composition books, which not only increased their knowledge, but also learned the prologue of routines and the use of "high-frequency vocabulary".
Teacher Meng of primary school has a deep understanding. No matter what composition, the beginning of giving birth to a child is always like this: "I have met many things in my life, as many as stars …" "I have thought of many people in my life, as many as pearls …" "I have experienced many hardships in my life, as many as stones …" "Son, your life has just begun, where are you from?" Every time I meet such an opening remark, Teacher Meng can't help but sigh. As for the reason, Mr. Meng thinks that the children "read too many model compositions, did not carefully observe what happened in life, and their thinking was limited."
In addition, there are several "high-frequency words", which always appear in children's compositions regardless of time and occasion. For example: "wet eyes" and "red eyes"
One of the first-grade children wrote: I came home from school, my grandmother asked me to do my homework, and I finished my homework with wet eyes. Seeing this, people want to ask: son, why are you so wronged to finish your homework seriously? Is grandma fierce, or is homework too difficult to make you cry? Children's compositions are varied, and some even use their brains to make up stories in order to complete their compositions.
Teacher Zhong of a primary school told a story that the unit was about "sincerity", and I arranged for the children to write a composition on this topic. The content of a classmate's composition is: On a hot summer day, two friends made an appointment to go swimming at noon 1.
One of my friends lost track of time because of fun and didn't go to the appointment. At 7 o'clock in the evening, this little friend suddenly remembered an appointment, hurried to the appointment, and found that his companion was still waiting in the same place.
Therefore, he feels that his companion is sincere and he feels guilty. Teacher Zhong thinks that most of this composition is fabricated. "This is a society with developed communication, not an era of shouting news and running traffic.
Don't children go swimming just to keep appointments and stand in the sun for six hours without eating or drinking? "Mr. Zhong reminded us that this story tells us that children can have imagination in writing, but they can't exaggerate. Logic is the most basic thing. Observe more in life, which can be regarded as a document, but the thinking should be broad and not the same.
More than 10 children saw the boy "give up his seat" at the same time. There are more than 10 children in a class in a primary school in Chengdu, and the same thing happened at the same time. Teacher Zhang, who teaches Chinese, told her own experience: the topic of the composition that day was "noble".
Of the 40 compositions received the next day, more than a dozen were almost identical. The general content was: Today, I saw a little brother give up his seat to the old man on the No.56 bus, which made me admire his noble character very much. After reading these compositions, Mr. Zhang Can only wrote a comment mercilessly: At the same time, at the same place, 10 many students saw the same little boy give up his seat to the old man.
Children, you must have read the same composition book. Take it back and rewrite it! Teacher Xia of Hi-tech Zone shared her experience in composition teaching.
"A few days ago, I left a composition for my classmates-what fun did you find in your life? In class, I give students random examples to tell them about the fun of keeping pets, such as keeping cats and dogs. Results The compositions handed in by students are basically about keeping cats and dogs. Instead of cats and dogs, keep small goldfish or turtles. Anyway, the whole class has tacitly unified the fun of life-raising small animals. "
Teacher Xia said that this kind of composition is originally open-ended, each student's experience is different, and what he writes should be different. "At that time, I just gave an example casually. I didn't expect the whole class to quote directly.
On the one hand, it shows that some students are habitually lazy and don't think, on the other hand, it also shows that most students are not very good at observing at ordinary times and there is no material available for writing. Teacher Xia believes that students must write more compositions, be good at observing life, start with diaries at ordinary times, and gradually cultivate their thinking and writing skills.
4. Is there any routine for writing? How can I write a good composition and practice martial arts? Only when the moves are clear can I be superb; Writing a composition should also pay attention to routines, so as to be gradual and natural.
I summed up my writing routine into six tricks, hoping to play a role in attracting jade. The first trick: diligently collect and accumulate wonderful words, phrases, sentences and chapters to enrich your writing warehouse.
There are two ways to collect accumulated materials: one is from newspapers and books. You can circle the materials that are beneficial to you directly in newspapers and books, you can cut newspapers, extract them, or feel after reading them, take other people's things for yourself, just like bees make honey, and collect a certain amount of pollen first.
The second is from life. People who are willing to live and observe the world with a pair of discerning eyes will find that social life is rich and colorful, and all kinds of people and things in society are good writing materials: small to the people around them; Major events at home and abroad can be the content we collect and accumulate.
In order to achieve better writing effect, we need to devote ourselves to life, experience the ups and downs in study, life and work, and then let these ups and downs naturally flow into the pen and become real and touching articles. The second trick: strengthen writing practice.
Writing often begins with keeping a diary. If we regard the diary as a bosom friend, as an object to talk about, and tell our personal joys and sorrows in the diary to the fullest, over time, the diary will accumulate more and more thick, and before we know it, we will find that the length of the diary has become longer, the expression of words has become clever, and our observation and adaptability to life have also been enhanced.
Keep an army for a thousand days-keep a diary, use troops for a while-write a composition, and it will come naturally! The third measure: keep brewing-conceiving, looking for a breakthrough-inspiration, and then write it down. Collecting accumulated materials, such as a pile of dry wood, needs the spark of inspiration to ignite; Collecting accumulated substances, such as a lot of pollen, must be brewed by bees to become honey; The materials collected and accumulated are also like a bag of rice, which must be processed by a clever woman to become delicious rice.
Therefore, the process of brewing-conceiving is the process of sorting out, selecting and integrating materials. When the conception is mature, it will naturally generate inspiration-the feelings that have been accumulated in the chest for a long time urgently need to be vented, and the unpleasant instantaneous impulse will not be unpleasant. People who care seize this fleeting moment and write it down.
The fourth measure: humbly ask for advice and constantly revise. Good article revision.
After writing a good composition, you are not satisfied, but you can't see where there is a flaw. You must find someone else to guide you. After listening to praise, it should be regarded as encouragement to yourself; After listening to criticism, change it if you have it, and encourage it if you don't.
If you do this often, you will continue to improve your writing. However, it is not a long-term solution to completely rely on others to revise your composition. Learning to revise your own composition is the key to writing a good composition.
The fifth measure: write a composition with confidence. Many students report that after reading articles in newspapers and books, they feel unattainable and lose confidence in their composition, thinking that they can't write well all their lives.
In my opinion, this idea is caused by inferiority and utilitarian psychology. They don't know how hard the author and editor have worked to publish an article.
If you spend so much effort to write your composition and polish it by editing, you will definitely reach the level of publication. In addition, writing a composition is not for publication, but to improve your writing ability, so a well-structured article is a good article.
We don't have to use those published articles to measure the quality of our composition, and we don't have to affect our writing mood. The sixth trick: organize and collect your own diaries, weekly notes and compositions.
Diary, weekly diary and composition are all the results of your own efforts. If the diaries, weekly notes and compositions of primary schools, middle schools and universities can be classified and bound into several "books", these "books" are the history of personal struggle and a lot of wealth in life. You can look through your own exercises at any time and learn from your own writing experience and lessons. The exercises you write can be better than others.
Composition teaching is an indispensable link in Chinese teaching, and a good composition represents a student's personal quality. How to make students' compositions written with content, organization, center and emotion? First, the composition should be specific.
The Chinese syllabus for primary schools stipulates that the composition must have content. This means that the content of the composition should be specific and not empty talk.
For a long time, the problem of empty composition has been puzzling students, and "concrete content" is the most basic requirement of composition teaching in primary schools. How to make words have substance? Here are some of my views.
1, "multi-perspective" observation. "Seen from the side of the mountain, there are different heights", which is a famous philosophical saying of Su Shi.
This famous saying brilliantly shows that objective things have the inherent characteristics of many faces and angles. Therefore, our observation must adopt a corresponding multi-angle approach.
When observing things, we must be comprehensive and meticulous. We should look at all the parts that make up a static thing and carefully look at all aspects of each part.
Every concrete thing is always made up of several parts. If we miss a part when observing, then what we observe is incomplete.
For example, when we observe a pot of jasmine, I should notice that it is composed of four parts: root, stem, leaf and flower. Especially visible stems, leaves and flowers.
You can't miss it when you observe. If omitted, the jasmine we observed is incomplete, and people can't clearly understand its whole when expressing it.
If we don't pay attention to the quality, color and shape of its stem, it is difficult to understand its characteristics. If you don't carefully observe its color, shape and taste, it is difficult to understand the characteristics of flowers. On the contrary, if we carefully observe these aspects, then our understanding of jasmine is not general, but concrete.
Of course, we should not only look at static things, but also look at the whole process of things' change and each development stage carefully. 2. "Multi-faceted" thinking We should know and think from different angles and aspects when writing a composition.
The composition of notes can not be separated from the development process of things, such as the occurrence, development, * * and results. Writing a person's composition is also inseparable from specific things.
So when writing this kind of composition, we should pay attention to the development and changes of things. Events change with the passage of practice and the change of place.
Times are different.
There is nothing wrong with primary school students writing "full routines". Some children in Grade One and Grade Two read a lot of composition books and learned the prologue of routines and the use of "high-frequency vocabulary" while increasing their knowledge.
The beginning of a child is always like this: "I have encountered many things in my life, as many as stars …" "I have thought of many people in my life, as many as pearls …" "I have experienced many hardships in my life, as many as stones …".
Everyone will be troubled by composition when he is young. Whenever the teacher assigns a composition topic, there is always a sigh in the classroom. Because some people scratch their heads, but they can't write a small composition; Some people write and keep a running account. Teachers usually read some students' good compositions in the class for your reference. At present, some primary school students like to set writing templates, which has become a hot topic in society and even criticized by teachers.
As the old saying goes, "you can recite 300 Tang poems if you can't write them." Nowadays, primary school students, in grade one or grade two, read many excellent model essays and try to imitate them. Whether there are logical mistakes in the process of imitation or not, whether we think hard or not, we can all see the efforts made to write a good composition.
For primary school students, life experience is not rich enough and observation ability is not strong enough. Even if you observe life carefully, you may not be able to sum up what you see and think and express it in beautiful words and unique ways because of the lack of knowledge and vocabulary. Through reading, they accumulate writing templates, imitate others' writing, summarize expression routines, and draw out what they want to say, which is a way and method to improve their writing.
Pupils accumulate templates and write "the whole road", which is their way of writing. If we ridicule and criticize this exploration of primary school students, it may hurt these positive and innocent hearts.
6. How to solve the "set" of primary school composition routines is a common phenomenon. For example, some time ago, I left an essay about who flowers are for. Most children wrote flowers for their mother. For example, when my mother saw that I was sick and felt feverish, she quickly put on her clothes and took me to the hospital for registration.
Zhao Lingyun, a fourth-grade Chinese teacher.
There will be some repetition of good words and sentences at the beginning and end of the composition. Perhaps students prefer to use this arrangement, and then just change some words casually.
The phenomenon of "manuscript collision" often occurs, and the descriptions of events, people and details are highly similar. Why on earth did the pupil make "routines" again and again when writing a composition?
The first is the lack of children's life experience. Usually, children have many extracurricular classes, and most of them wander between various extracurricular classes, so his life experience is relatively small; Second, children's ability to accept new things, or to perceive new things, is gradually weakening. For example, children usually observe things in life and describe rainy weather like today. Most of them will say things like pouring rain and pouring rain, so they may lack some of their own feelings, so these will all cause the same phenomenon in their compositions.
7. How to write a good Chinese composition The routine of writing a composition is to set the topic first, and then quote the classics. If the article has momentum, you can get high marks.
The most important thing in writing a composition is to examine the questions first, because a composition score of 60 is almost half that of 150. If the examination is not accurate, half of the country will be lost.
Therefore, it is very important to review the questions!
The title must be marked. Some people don't write titles when they write. Although the two points of the topic are very small, the difference between the two points is not general, but the difference of grades.
At the beginning of routine one, quoting classics, "Confucius said" learning while learning, Dante said that there is no way in the world. . "You can take it out later, because you can't read books for so many years and still can't find a classic related to your composition.
Routine 2, "Go, go, go again", the momentum of the article should be, your position determines your height.
In the middle three paragraphs, there is an ancient man, two China people and three foreigners. This kind of example shows that you have read many poetry books and are familiar with ancient and modern Chinese and foreign countries. Remember, the best is not enough. In fact, a person's example can be used in many occasions. The author only used Li Bai, Du Fu, Wen Tianxiang, Napoleon and Lu Xun to write all the compositions in the last two years of high school without any pressure.
After all, it must be your own things, your own thoughts, ideas and understanding. If you can't write these, you must practice your understanding of life, because this is the key to getting high marks in the article. Routines are just routines, and the most important thing is to have your own things. In today's college entrance examination composition is becoming more and more modular, having your own things will bring shock to the marking teacher.
8. Chinese teaching is grounded, and writing a composition can reduce the number of innocent children. When writing a composition, they lie and even indulge in the illusion created by fictional stories.
Such abuse obviously plays a "bad" role in shaping citizens' personality and cultivating their individuality. At present, more than 80% of children can't write a composition, which is related to "more routines and less experience" in composition teaching.
There are three reasons why students' compositions are false: first, teachers teach them this way. Homogenization of content, modeling of techniques, seeking stability and equality, and refusing to innovate, there are as many routines to follow as there are "model essays".
Second, this is required by the examination rules. This is like the relationship between exam-oriented education and the baton of college entrance examination. What kind of test composition requirements there are, naturally there will be what kind of student composition pattern.
In students' compositions, poetry and whimsy are often stifled by "common sense". Personalized language attempts are obscured by the "sameness" of large class teaching, and the result is a thousand words.
Third, students lack life experience, but they have to write some tall topics. "Nothing to say" is the most reasonable normal. The composition questions that have remained unchanged for decades must be properly balanced, like a duck to water, not to mention that primary school students, even high school students, can only be so "crowded".
A high school Chinese teacher who participated in marking the college entrance examination felt that "Tao Yuanming, Su Shi and Sima Qian" basically "lived once" in the college entrance examination every year. In the words of some students, what is the reason that "these three people are called the' Big Three in Routine', but they can solve all problems involving ideals, goals, mentality and responsibilities"?
What's strange about students becoming porters of "good words, good sentences and good articles"? "Articles are written for time, and poems are written for things." It is absurd and understandable that students who live by indirect experience leave papers everywhere in their compositions.
Some people say that children lie by writing a composition first. People's collective lying or collective affectation in their compositions obviously hurt not only the "talent" in the literary sense.
Children's composition routines are very deep, so we must set up ideas for solving problems. Let Chinese teaching be more relevant, make humanities education more true, good and beautiful, make quality education pay more attention to value and process, and make primary school students' "routine composition" really have medicine.