Chen Qiaonian, male, 1902, from Anqing, Anhui. When he was young, he and his brother Chen Yannian studied hard in their hometown. 19 15, the two brothers left their hometown to study in Shanghai and lived with their father Chen Duxiu, who was editing New Youth magazine at that time. 19 17, Chen Duxiu was hired as a senior student of liberal arts at Peking University, and Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian started their independent lives in Shanghai. Soon, both of them were admitted to Fudan University.

1912 under the influence of the may 4th patriotic movement, in order to seek the truth of saving the country and the people, Chen Qiaonian and Yannian went to France to work and study together. During more than three years in France, they gradually abandoned the anarchism they believed in and accepted the revolutionary truth of the proletariat-Marxism. /kloc-in the winter of 0/922, with the approval of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian joined China. In March of the following year, according to the decision of the Party organization, Chen Qiaonian and others left France to study at the Soviet Oriental Workers' Communist University. /kloc-in the winter of 0/924, following the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's instructions, Chen Qiaonian left Moscow for home.

After returning home, Chen Qiaonian was sent to Beijing by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to work as the organization minister of the Beijing Local Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China. After living abroad for many years, Chen Qiaonian suddenly returned to the embrace of the motherland, feeling very happy and full of enthusiasm for serving the motherland. Seeing all kinds of perversions of imperialism and northern warlords, he couldn't help but get angry and strengthened his determination to fight. The vigorous development of the revolutionary situation after the establishment of the revolutionary United front with the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party as the core made him full of confidence in the victory of the revolution. As soon as Chen Qiaonian came to the ancient city of Beijing, under the leadership of Li Dazhao, he devoted himself enthusiastically to the fiery struggle.

At that time, in Beijing, the political struggle against imperialism and the northern warlords traitorous government was growing, but the internal contradictions of the revolutionary United front began to be exposed. The Kuomintang Rightists tried to undermine the United front, and the Kuomintang also issued anti-communist voices. In this situation, the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Beijing District Committee (the predecessor of the North District Committee) believe that the propaganda work must be further strengthened to meet the needs of the ideological front struggle. However, at that time, the military and police inspections were very strict, and it was very difficult to run publications and print leaflets. In order to ensure safety, printing plants have to be replaced frequently. Some private printing plants dare not print revolutionary propaganda materials, while others take the opportunity to raise printing prices. In order to publicize the Party's principles and policies in time, guide the masses to carry out revolutionary struggles and counter all kinds of reactionary fallacies, the Beijing District Committee decided to establish a secret printing factory in Beijing according to Li Dazhao's proposal, and handed this task to Chen Qiaonian. After careful planning and preparation,1one day in February, 925, Chen Qiaonian called a meeting of relevant comrades in a classroom of the First Hospital of Peking University to study the specific matters of establishing a printing factory. Chen Qiaonian first sought the opinions of experienced printers among the participants, and then put forward the requirement of establishing a printing factory within two weeks. After the meeting, several comrades immediately took action to inquire about the market situation, buy old machines and other printing supplies, rent suitable houses as factories, and recruit printing workers who were fired by capitalists because of the strike to work in the factories. Less than 10 days, the secret printing factory officially started.

The main task of this printing factory is to reprint the Guide of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China organ newspaper, print Political Life, Beijing prefectural organ newspaper and some leaflets. In order to avoid the destruction of the enemy, the printing factory printed the general manuscripts of the citizens during the day and began to print the party newspapers and other promotional materials at night. About half a year later, in order to avoid the enemy's eyes and ears, the printing house moved its address and changed its name, so that the enemy never knew the true face of the printing house. In this way, this printing factory, which was founded under the auspices of Chen Qiaonian, worked under the eyes of the enemy for 1 years, which ensured the timely publication of the Guide and Political Life in Beijing, and played a great role in promoting the ideas of our party and promoting the development of the revolutionary movement.

1925 In the spring and summer, China * * * successively initiated and led the National Conference Promotion Meeting in Beijing to mourn Sun Yat-sen and support May 30th. In these movements, Chen Qiaonian went around tirelessly, helped Li Dazhao to do a lot of organizational work and publicity work, and became Li Dazhao's right-hand man. 10 In June, the Northern District Committee of the Communist Party of China was established. Li Dazhao was appointed secretary of the district committee, and Chen Qiaonian was appointed minister of organization.

After the establishment of the North District Party Committee, the Party School of the District Committee was established in Beijing according to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's decision to set up a senior party school below the district, in order to "cultivate talents who can manage the party and do responsible work". Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan and Chen Qiaonian carefully analyzed the situation of the local committees under the jurisdiction of the North District Committee. According to the needs of their work, they set the conditions for students and determined the number of students selected by local committees. And with the consent of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Luo Yinong, who came back from the Soviet Union in April of that year, was invited as the principal to preside over the Party School. After intense preparations, the Party School of the North District Party Committee officially opened in June 1925+00. Chen Qiaonian served as the teaching task of Marxist theory of class struggle, Party building, world revolutionary situation and general situation of international communist movement. He often stays up late to prepare speeches. His lecture was simple and convincing, which left a deep impression on the students.

Three months later, the party school ended successfully. With great revolutionary enthusiasm, students from all over the country either return to their original places or are sent to work in other areas. Most of them have served as grassroots leading cadres of the Party and the Youth League, making new contributions to the revolutionary cause. The Party School of the North District Party Committee is the first advanced party school in northern China. Although it is not long and inexperienced, it has been very successful and achieved the expected goal. This is inseparable from the hard work of Li Dazhao, Luo Yinong, Zhao Shiyan and Chen Qiaonian.

1925165438+1October, because General Guo Songling of Feng Zhi defected and joined forces with the Revolutionary National Army, the National Army took control of the Gyeonggi area. Under the strong impact of the revolutionary mass movement, the Duan government supported by warlords was also crumbling. In view of this situation, at a meeting of the North District Committee held in mid-October (165438+), some comrades suggested that we should seize the current good opportunity and, with the cooperation of the national army, lead the revolutionary masses in Beijing to revolt, overthrow the Duan government, establish a national government and end the reactionary rule of warlords. Chen Qiaonian calmly analyzed the power contrast between the enemy and ourselves, and put forward different opinions. He believes that although the revolutionary situation is good, the issue of uprising should be carefully considered. Because although the national army sympathizes with the revolutionary movement of the masses, the attitude of its upper level is still unclear, and China does not have its own army. Once the attitude of the national army changes, the uprising will be difficult to succeed. Chen Qiaonian's opinion was taken seriously by the comrades present. Then some comrades suggested that we can make two preparations and make flexible arrangements according to the development of the situation; Even if the uprising is difficult to last, it can at least show the strength of the masses and deal a heavy blow to Duan regime. After repeated discussions, the district committee adopted this opinion, made a decision to launch the "Capital Revolution", and set up an action committee composed of Zhao Shiyan, Chen Qiaonian and others to draw up an action plan to be responsible for the preparation and command of the "Capital Revolution". Although Chen Qiaonian had different opinions, he resolutely implemented the decision of the district committee and took an active part in the work of the action committee. After several days of busy secret preparations, the leader of the Kuomintang Rightists went to the national army to spread rumors, provoke the relationship between China and the national army, change the attitude of the national army, violate the promise of responding to the actions of the revolutionary masses, and send troops to protect the ruling government. On the morning of 28th, the Action Committee immediately informed the regional headquarters to stop the operation after learning of this sudden change. However, due to the inconvenience of communication at that time, some districts failed to receive the notice in time and began to attack the intended targets, and distributed a large number of leaflets calling for the implementation of the "capital revolution." In an emergency, the Action Committee made a decisive decision and decided to lead the broad masses to continue to launch fierce attacks on various government agencies, and to hold a national assembly and a large-scale demonstration. On the 29th, after the mass demonstrations, the "capital revolution" ended.

Although the "capital revolution" showed the great strength of the revolutionary masses and hit the Duan government, it did not achieve the goal of overthrowing Duan's regime and establishing a national government. Practice has proved that Chen Qiaonian's analysis of the situation and his suggestions at that time were correct, which shows that he always kept a clear head in the face of the excellent situation; Moreover, he resolutely implements organizational decisions in action, which shows that he has strong party spirit and high organizational discipline.

On March 1926 and 12, Japanese imperialism openly sent warships to cover the warlords' entry into Dagukou. When the national army stationed in Dagukou Fort saw the Japanese ship coming, it stopped it with semaphores, but the Japanese ship ignored it, so the national army issued an empty gun warning, and the Japanese ship actually fired live ammunition, causing casualties of 10. The national army was forced to fight back and drive the Japanese ship out of Dagukou. After the incident, Japanese imperialists protested to the government of China on the pretext that the national army had destroyed the treaty of Xin Chou, and reconciled the envoys of Britain, the United States and France, and issued an ultimatum to the government of China on March 16, 2006.

The imperialist aggression and outrageous attitude aroused great indignation among the people of China. At 6: 438 am on March 8, about thousands of people from more than 80 schools and more than 60 organizations held the "National Anti-Eight-Nation Alliance All-Night Conference" in Tiananmen Square. Before the meeting, Chen Qiaonian and Zhao Shiyan reported on mobilizing the masses and preparing for the meeting at the meeting of the North District Committee. Li Dazhao said that he would attend the mass rally in person, and Chen Qiaonian suggested that Tang Ruxian, a bodyguard, accompany him to protect his safety. Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan, Chen Qiaonian and other leaders of the North District Party Committee attended the Tiananmen National Congress and led more than 2,000 people to March to Tieshizi Hutong (now Zhang Zizhong Road) to petition the government.

Shortly after the petitioners entered the square in front of the administrative government, Duan's army and police shot and slaughtered unarmed people. Suddenly a river of blood, chaos. Seeing this scene, Chen Qiaonian shouted: "Don't be chaotic!" Then calmly command the people around you to retreat. At this time, the military and police fired at the crowd with bayonets. In the crowd, Chen Qiaonian was stabbed in the chest, and blood immediately soaked his coat. He endured severe pain, continued to command the masses to retreat, and then returned to the district party Committee organs with the help of comrades.

After simply dressing the wound, he immediately asked about other comrades in the district Committee. I heard that Li Dazhao and Zhao Shiyan haven't come back yet. He was in a hurry and asked Tang Ruxian, who had just returned, to find them at once. It was not until Li Dazhao and Zhao Shiyan returned to the office safely that he was reassured.

On the same day, the North District Committee held a meeting to study the countermeasures that should be taken after the tragedy. Chen Qiaonian, who suffered a chest injury, insisted on attending the meeting and expressed his opinions regardless of the pain. Li Dazhao saw that he turned pale and told him to have a rest until the meeting. As the organization minister of the Northern Party Committee, Chen Qiaonian, together with Li Dazhao and Zhao Shiyan, led all previous major struggles in Beijing and made great contributions to the organizational construction of the Northern Party.

At that time, China was still in its infancy and lacked experience in organizational construction. Therefore, the task facing Chen Qiaonian is very arduous. But he was not afraid of difficulties, studied hard, asked for advice with an open mind and dared to explore, and finally found some successful experiences in practice. In order to closely organize the Party's work, strengthen the management of Party organizations at all levels in the north and party member by the district committee, and accurately grasp the development of the Party, he carefully designed various statistical tables and distributed them to Party organizations at all levels for use. At the same time, the organizational work system has been formulated, which requires organizations at all levels to comply with it. Later, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China forwarded the forms he designed to various places, and popularized the experience of strengthening organizational construction of the Northern District Committee.

Developing party member and expanding the Party's organization was a very urgent task of organizational construction at that time. To this end, Chen Qiaonian often went deep into schools, factories and institutions to understand the situation and guide the work. During his tenure as organization minister, the party organizations in the northern region have made great progress, and the number of people in party member has also greatly increased. According to statistics, in May of 1924, there were only 75 people in party member, and two years later, in July of 1926, there were 2069 people in party member.

With a high sense of responsibility and lofty dedication to the cause of the Party, Chen Qiaonian always maintained a high morale in the struggle and often forgot to eat or sleep at work. At that time, comrades working in the district Committee often worked overtime to catch up with the printing of publicity materials. Seeing that some young comrades love to doze off, Chen Qiaonian took the initiative to walk beside them, accompanied them while writing, and helped them with their work. Some comrades worried that this would affect their health and advised him to go to bed early, but he smiled and said, "You slept, so did I, and so did the files. In this way, our work also fell asleep! " This made everyone laugh and all the drowsiness disappeared. Chen Qiaonian is such a revolutionary warrior full of vigor, vitality and revolutionary optimism! 1926 in the second half of the year, Chen Qiaonian was ordered to leave Beijing to work in the south. From April 27th to May the following year 1 1, the fifth national congress of China was held in Wuhan. Chen Qiaonian attended the meeting and was elected as a member of the Fifth Central Committee. After the meeting, he stayed in Wuhan and served as the deputy director of the Central Organization Department. After the failure of the Great Revolution, at the August 7th meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, Chen Qiaonian severely criticized his father Chen Duxiu's right opportunism mistake. He said at the meeting: My father, Comrade Chen Duxiu, took the wrong route, which led to serious consequences. Not only failed to live up to the Great Revolution and defeated the Party, but also my younger brothers Yannian, Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan and others were killed by the enemy. This is a lesson of blood that cannot be forgotten. Only by resolutely opposing the Kuomintang reactionaries can we have no illusions. Chen Qiaonian also said to Chen Duxiu, "Dad, the route and policies you used to implement were wrong, and your view on the social nature of China is wrong now. We can't pin our hopes on the bourgeoisie. The party should have its own armed forces and take the road of Soviet armed forces seizing power. Only in this way can there be hope for the China revolution. "

After the meeting, Chen Qiaonian was transferred to the organization minister of Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. /kloc-in the winter of 0/927, he was ordered to be transferred to Shanghai as the organization minister of the CPC jiangsu provincial party committee. At that time, the environment in Shanghai was extremely sinister, and the Kuomintang reactionaries frantically searched for people and revolutionary masses everywhere. Party organizations and revolutionary forces were constantly destroyed, and blood spilled over the Huangpu River. After arriving in Shanghai, Chen Qiaonian actively cooperated with Wang Ruofei, then secretary of the CPC jiangsu provincial party committee, regardless of the sinister environment. In the difficult and difficult environment, they constantly changed their ways of struggle and dealt with the enemy skillfully. They secretly went deep into factories, villages, institutions and schools, contacted comrades, restored and rebuilt the party's grass-roots organizations, and organized workers' movements and peasants' armed struggles. In the case of their running for the revolution day and night, the revolutionary forces in Shanghai overcame difficulties and obstacles and rallied. Just as the party work in Shanghai and Jiangsu has made new progress and taken on a new look, extremely unfortunate things have happened. 1928 February 16, Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China secretly held a meeting of ministers of organization of all district committees in Chengdu North Road Embroidery Girls' School in the British Concession. Chen Qiaonian presided over the meeting. Because of the traitor Tang's informer, the enemy suddenly surrounded the meeting place, and the responsible comrades of the jiangsu provincial party committee authorities were arrested. This is another great harm to jiangsu provincial party committee after June 1927.

Chen Qiaonian clearly knows that it is difficult to survive in the jaws of death. He has already put life and death at risk, fearless and without regrets. From the first day of his arrest, what he considered was how to continue to fight the enemy tenaciously and skillfully. At first, he changed his name to Wang, but the enemy didn't know his true identity because the traitor Tang didn't know him soon after he came to Shanghai. The enemy tried every means to find out his real name and identity, but all failed.

After learning that Chen Qiaonian and others were arrested, the Party organization tried its best to rescue them. Because he didn't reveal his true identity, he planned to redeem him with money. Zheng Hexu, who was arrested with him at the same time, also studied the plan to rescue him in prison; It is planned that the traitor's unknown Zhou Chu will take his place. At the beginning of the week, he was very brave and immediately promised to save Chen Qiaonian's life with his own sacrifice. All this is going according to plan. Unexpectedly, at the beginning of the week, his father, out of affection for Reiko Kobayakawa, sent people to rescue him everywhere, so that the enemy indirectly discovered Chen Qiaonian's identity. Chen Qiaonian saw that his identity had been exposed, so he asked the people in the prison to tell the party organization that he hoped the party would not bother about the rescue, let alone spend money on him. During Chen Qiaonian's imprisonment, the enemy tortured him many times to get more secrets. He always gritted his teeth, put on a cold face, was firm and indomitable, and constantly encouraged other comrades to maintain revolutionary integrity.

Seeing that they couldn't get what they wanted, the enemy planned to kill three important people, Chen Qiaonian and Xu. Comrades were very sad when they learned that. Chen Qiaonian encouraged everyone to take care of themselves for the revolution and study hard so as to continue to work for the Party in the future. He also said optimistically: "Let future generations enjoy the happiness of their predecessors!" His friend asked him what his last words were to the party and family. He replied: "I have no concern for my family, and I am sincerely grateful to the party for its rescue."

On June 6th, 1928, the enemy shot and killed Chen Qiaonian, who was only 26 years old, near the LAM Raymond Bridge. Zheng and Xu were also killed with him.

Chen Qiaonian's sacrifice made the party lose an excellent party member, the revolution lost a strong warrior, and the people of China lost a loyal son. Chen Qiaonian's fame and his revolutionary achievements will always be engraved in the hearts of the people of China and China.