Confucius' famous saying of learning while learning. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said:' Learning from time to time, isn't it pleasant?' Wang Su's Note: "Learning by reciting lessons is a pleasure because there is no waste in learning." Wang interprets "learning" and "learning" as one meaning, which seems to refer specifically to reading. However, Confucius taught people to learn "six arts", including etiquette, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics, and "reciting" was only "one end" (see Liu Baonan's The Analects of Justice). Huang Kan-Shu said, "There are three times when you learn." One refers to the age, the other refers to the season, and the third refers to the morning and evening. Jiang Boqian, a close friend, thinks that "learning is to know the new and learning is to review the old" (Introduction to Thirteen Classics). Be sensitive and cautious about saying Confucius' famous words. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said:' A gentleman does not want to be satisfied with food, and he does not want to live in peace. He is sensitive to things and cautious about what he says.' "The Analects of Confucius Liren": "A gentleman wants to be slow in words but quick in deeds". Same meaning. It means diligent and agile, but cautious in speaking. Zhu Xi's note: "Those who are sensitive to things are reluctant to do so. He who is cautious in what he says does not dare to do all he has. " ("Notes on the Analects of Confucius") explained: "Things are difficult to do, so be sensitive; Words are easy to say, so be careful. " (Volume 22 of Zhuzi Genre) In addition, there are records in Xunzi Zidao, Biography of Han Poetry, Shuoyuan Zayan that Confucius Zilu "is careful not to say anything". Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said,' Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous.' ""lost ",confused. Zheng Xuan's Note: Ignorance, ignorance. "Danger" has two meanings: one is danger, and doubt cannot be determined. One is exhausted, and the spirit is exhausted and there is no income. When the former solution. This sentence can be combined with the chapter "Review the past and learn the new". Close friend Yang Shuda's note: "Those who review their past but can't learn new things, learn without thinking, and those who want to know new things without reviewing their past, think without learning." Confucius advocated paying equal attention to learning and thinking, which had a profound influence on Confucius' younger brother. For example, Zi Xia said that he was knowledgeable and thoughtful, and The Doctrine of the Mean said that he was knowledgeable and thoughtful, and they all thought that learning and thinking should not be neglected. It is also a famous saying of Confucius that a man without faith does not know what he can do. From the Analects of Confucius, "Confucius said,' People don't believe, and they don't know what they can do.' Zheng Xuan's note: "If you don't know what you can do, it's not feasible to say it.". Kong Anguo's note: "If you don't believe what you say, there is nothing left.". Zhu Xi said: "If a person's face is not true and sincere, then everything he says is false." ("Zhuzi Genre" Volume 24) Jiang Boqian, a close friend, distinguishes the letter from two meanings: "What you say must be true; If you say something, you must be able to practice it. " (Interpretation of Language) Confucius and the later Confucianists attached great importance to faith. "Faithfulness in words and reverence in deeds" (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong) is the principle of Confucius' life. Being slow in words and quick in doing Confucius' famous words. From the Analects of Confucius Liren: "Confucius said,' A gentleman is slow in words but quick in deeds'". Bao Xian's note: "Stupid, dull. If you want to talk late, you will want to get sick. " Zhu Xi quoted Xie Liangzuo as saying: "It is easy to speak, so I want to be dull; It is difficult to practice, so I want to be sensitive. " There are many synonymous sentences in The Analects of Confucius, such as "If you are careful with the rest, you will be regretful" (Politics), "If an ancient man can't say anything, he can't be ashamed to bow" (Liren), and "A gentleman is ashamed of his words but goes beyond his deeds" (Xian Wen), all of which can reflect Confucius' consistent thought of cautious words. See "Be sensitive and cautious". Virtue is not alone, there must be neighbors. From the Analects of Confucius Liren: "Confucius said,' If you are not alone, you must have neighbors.' "Listen to what you say and watch what you do. Gongye Chang, the Analects of Confucius: "Slaughtered by day and night. Confucius said:' Rotten wood cannot be carved, and the wall of dung cannot be carved. What is the punishment for giving? " Confucius said,' I gave to others at the beginning, and I listened to their words and believed in their deeds.' In Shuo Yuan Zun Xian, Confucius said, "A husband can learn from others, and observe his words and deeds ... so observe his words and slap his deeds first." "Dai Li Ji Wu Di De": "Confucius said:' I want to take people by words, and I want to correct them by evil." "That is, this chapter. Zhu Xi quoted Hu's note: Confucius speaks by listening to words and observing deeds. "Therefore, we have set up a police group of disciples to make our words more sensitive to our actions." (Notes on the Analects of Confucius) Sensitive and studious, I am not ashamed to ask Confucius' famous words. Gongye Chang, the Analects of Confucius: "Zi Gong asked,' Why does Confucius call it a literary work?' Confucius said,' You are quick and eager to learn, and you are not ashamed to ask questions, so you can write by saying.' "Kong Wenzi, doctor who. "Wen" is his death. Zhu Xi's note: "mortals are sensitive and learn more, but it is difficult to learn. Those who are high are ashamed to ask questions." Therefore, it is difficult for people to cover the funeral law with' diligence and good questions'. " (Notes on the Analects of Confucius) also said: "The ancient people's eulogy was very broad", "It's not good for Confucius and Wen Zi to be firm, but it's also good for him to learn from others" (Zhuzi Language, Volume 29). Gentle, and then the gentleman Confucius famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius Yong Ye: "Confucius said:' Quality is better than literature, and literature is better than history, gentle and gentle, and then a gentleman'." According to the word meaning, text and literary talent; Quality, simplicity; Binbin, mixed appearance. Zhu Xi's Annotations on the Analects of Confucius in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Scholars should make up for more losses, but as for virtue, it is unexpected." Liu Baonan's The Analects of Justice in the Qing Dynasty: "Rites have quality and text. Quality, this also. There is no ceremony without foundation, no text, and it can be done. " Confucius' words "Wen" refer to the external expression of propriety; "Quality" refers to the inner benevolence. Only when you have the inner character of "benevolence" and can show it in a polite way can you become a "gentleman". The relationship between literature and quality, that is, the relationship between courtesy and benevolence. This one embodies the ideal personality of "gentleman" that Confucius tried his best to admire; The other reflects his consistent doctrine of the mean: that is, he does not advocate partiality over literature, nor does he advocate partiality over quality; It is not easy to be impartial and serve both purposes, but to go too far. "Confucius said:' The quality of Yu Xia, the article of Yin and Zhou Dynasties, is the best. The text of Yu Xia is incomparable in quality; The quality of Yin and Zhou Dynasties is beyond words; How easy is it to say that the quality of the text is good? "("Book of Rites ") Confucius' famous saying of staying away from ghosts and gods. From the Analects of Confucius, Yong Ye: "Fan Chi asked about knowledge, and Confucius said,' Serving the people and staying away from ghosts and gods can be described as knowing'". Zhu Xi's note: "Dedicated to what is appropriate for humanity, not to be confused by the unknowability of ghosts and gods, but also to know." (Notes on the Analects of Confucius) Liu Baonan in Qing Dynasty interpreted this sentence as: "It means to respect ghosts and gods with courtesy" (Justice of the Analects of Confucius). "Book of Rites": "Confucius said:' Xia Dao respects life, keeps ghosts away from God, and is close and loyal; Yin people respect God, lead the people to serve God, put ghosts before rituals; People in the Zhou Dynasty respected the ceremony and applied it, while ghosts respected God and stayed away, being close and loyal. "Combined with the above Confucius told Fan Chi language, we can see that Confucius holds a different view of ghosts and gods from Xia merchants, and taught Fan Chi to learn from Zhou Dao. On the premise of acknowledging the existence of ghosts and gods, Confucius also put forward that we should neither treat ghosts and gods lightly nor be close to them, which is different from emphasizing human beings before ghosts and gods in daily life and social activities (The Analects of Confucius advanced: "Ji Lu asked about ghosts and gods, and Confucius said,' If you can't serve people, how can you serve ghosts?' ") attitude.