Galileo Galileo 1564～1642

Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist. Galileo was the first astronomer to use a telescope to observe celestial bodies and was one of the early supporters of the heliocentric theory. Galileo had earlier combined scientific experiments with mathematical methods for the study of mechanics, making a significant contribution to the development of modern scientific thought. In 1632, Galileo published "Dialogue Concerning Two World Systems", explaining his support for the heliocentric theory. "Dialogue between Two New Sciences" completed the following year summarized his early experiments and research on mechanics. It was these research results and ideas that laid the foundation for the birth of Newtonian mechanics in the future.

Yalishiduode

Aristotle

Aristotle (384 BC to 322 BC)

Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist. Born in the town of Stagira, Macedonia, died in Chalkis, Greece.

Aristotle was the son of Nicomachus, the royal physician of Macedonia, a student of Plato and the master of Alexander the Great. In 335 BC, he founded the Lyceum School in Athens and formed the "Peripatetic School", which was named after walking while lecturing.

Aristotle's works discussed mechanical issues. He already had the concept of a parallelogram of forces in the orthogonal case (see the axioms of statics). He explained the lever theory by saying that a force farther from the fulcrum moves the weight more easily because it draws a larger circle. He decomposed the motion of the weight at the end of the lever into tangential (which he called "natural") motion and normal ("unnatural") motion. Aristotle's view on the motion of falling bodies is: "For two objects of equal volume, the heavier one falls faster." He even said that the speed at which objects fall is precisely proportional to their weight. This wrong view had a great influence on later generations. Later, the French N. Olsme and others gave correct opinions, but they did not verify them. At the end of the 16th century, S. Stevens and Galileo not only explained theoretically, but also confirmed Aristotle's error with experiments.

Aristotle also believed: "Everything that moves must have a mover pushing it to move." However, each push cannot be traced back infinitely, so "there must be a first push." ", that is, there is supernatural power. The movement here refers to movement in a general sense, including mechanical movement.

Aristotle’s discussion of the motion of falling bodies can be found in DeCaelo. He has many other works in Physics (with Chinese translation, published by The Commercial Press in 1982). First application of his law of falling bodies. This is a work on natural philosophy, mainly discussing motion.