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As a Neo-Confucianist in Song Dynasty, what does Zhu's famous saying "three are studying" specifically mean?
Zhu's "three essentials" are: heart, eyes and mouth.

There are three kinds of reading, namely, heart, eyes and mouth. If the heart is not in the book, then the eyes will not read it carefully. Because of inattention, I can only look casually and never remember. Even if you remember it, it won't last long. "Heart to heart" means heart to heart, "eye to eye" means reading a book carefully, and "mouth to mouth" means reading it. Of the three, heart-to-heart is the most important.