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Many people on the forum said that Shang Yang’s reforms established the foundation for Qin to unify the world, but Shang Yang’s "strict punishments and harsh laws" during the war "At the same time, it was also the fundamental reason why the Great Qin Empire did not live long. As the saying goes, Shang Yang will succeed and Shang Yang will fail; after Qin Shihuang unified China, he did not amend Shang Yang's harsh wartime punishment laws in time, which was the reason for the demise of the Qin Empire, etc. I do not agree with the above views.

I read the book "Historical Records" and came to the conclusion that it was Qin Shihuang's own improper governance policies and wavering governance concepts that caused the economic collapse of the Qin Empire and the chaos of social security, which brought great harm to the six countries. The restorationists took advantage of this opportunity and caused the demise of the Qin Empire. The appearance of Hu Hai, Zhao Gao, and Li Si's betrayal (the truth may also be that Qin Shihuang's original intention was to pass Hu Hai to the throne) only accelerated the demise. Even if they do not betray and continue to follow Qin Shihuang's policy of governing the country, it will be difficult to change the trend of the Qin Empire's demise.

Throughout the novels "Historical Records" and "The Qin Empire", starting from Qin Xiaogong, there were actually only two prime ministers in the history of Qin who seriously managed the internal affairs of Qin and seriously controlled the people of the country. life, adjusted production relations, and eased the social contradictions at that time. They are Shang Yang and Lu Buwei. One is pursuing reforms, and the other is advocating lenient sentences and amending the law based on the actual situation 100 years later.

Shang Yang’s achievements in governing Qin’s internal affairs are recorded in historical records: “In the ten years since the Qin Dynasty, the people of Qin have said that the road does not pick up relics, there are no thieves in the mountains, and the family has enough food. The people are brave in public wars and timid. In the case of private fighting, the countryside will be well governed." In short, the people are prosperous and the social order is good. People are willing to fight for their country.

Lu Buwei also achieved certain results in governing Qin's internal affairs. It alleviated the social conflicts at that time. According to the records of the Historical Records, it is "to offer amnesty to sinners, to repair the meritorious officials of the ancestors, to be kind to the people, and to benefit the people." "Recruiting scholars, treating them favorably, and having three thousand guests as guests" recruited talents for the Qin State. In short, leniency was implemented and former criminals and their children were pardoned. People all over the country are allowed to commemorate Bai Qi, and Shang Yu people commemorate Shang Yang. Treat the officials who have contributed to Qin favorably, and treat other members of the royal family favorably. Be kind to the people. Recruit talents for Qin and commend civilization.

Shang Yang's reforms offended everyone. Even the common people who benefited most from the reforms were harmed by the changes in customs and laws during Shang Yang's reforms.

Lu Buwei’s lenient and suspended sentence is a favor to people from all walks of life across the country. It brought a new atmosphere to Qin. As for the other famous prime ministers of the Qin State, they are not famous for their internal affairs, but for fighting wars, diplomacy, and conducting unification wars. Formulate a new official system and so on.

The reason why the ancestors of Qin Shihuang became more and more powerful was mainly because the environment of the six kingdoms forced them to diligently repair internal affairs, reduce wars, focus on production, and focus on people's livelihood.

Due to the unification of the six kingdoms, the Qin State did not leave Hangu Pass in the east for 15 years during the reign of King Qin Huiwen. This gave King Qin Huiwen plenty of time to seriously manage the internal affairs of the country, manage and consolidate the newly won Bashu land. He adhered to Shang Yang's method of conscientiously managing Qin's internal affairs. In addition, he appointed Zhang Yi and replaced frequent wars with diplomacy, which objectively allowed the people to recuperate.

During the era of King Qin Zhaoxiang, despite the early reign of the Queen Mother and frequent wars, Qin's finances also received benefits and compensation in the predatory wars. After Fan Ju became prime minister, he formulated a policy of distant relations and close attack, and used Qin methods to conscientiously consolidate and govern the newly captured land and people. Let them integrate into the Qin State. For a long time, the cannibalization policy was adopted to deal with enemy countries, and achieved obvious results.

After the Changping War in the later period of King Qin Zhaoxiang, King Qin Zhaoxiang realized that the years of war had almost exhausted the national strength accumulated by generations of Qin. Feng Jiran sent his scholar Cai Ze as prime minister and appointed Li Bingxiu. The Dujiangyan Irrigation Project marked a change in King Qin Zhaoxiang's policy and began a more than ten-year process of upholding Qin law, managing internal affairs, and recuperating with the people. This process was basically maintained until Lu Buwei became prime minister. After Lu Buwei became prime minister, there were not many wars. He basically recuperated with the people, managed Qin's internal affairs, and solved problems left over from history. Implementing lenient policies is the main tone. It is a pity that Lu Buwei did not have the courage of Shang Yang to truly implement the leniency law. (At this time, he changed Shang Yang's method) He just found some people and wrote "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" to create some public opinion. During his reign, he did not actually implement the lenient political affairs law, but only beat the drum and thunder. Big, small raindrops.

Just let your name be passed down through the ages. But I think Lu Buwei's public opinion was not in vain. Lu Buwei's views actually had a significant impact on Qin Shihuang.

In terms of building your own business. Lu Buwei acted smarter than Shang Yang. He learned from Confucius the spirit of talking but not doing and not offending anyone.

The ancestors of Qin Shi Huang laid the economic and material foundation for Qin Shi Huang to unify the world. The foundation of national strength, the foundation of the army, and the foundation of the people. Qin Shihuang's unification war received strong national financial and national support.

Qin Shihuang unified the country in only 10 years. However, after reunifying the country, we did not focus on internal affairs and did not insist on using Shang Yang's method to govern the people in the newly acquired land. We focused on people's livelihood, production, social security, and recuperation for the people, so that they could live a peaceful life and make the people prosperous. . Let the people feel the benefits of Qin State and Qin Law. The benefits of unity. Instead, they do the opposite, rejoice in success, abuse people's power, and like to make superficial remarks. Pursue eternal achievements.

Look what Qin Shihuang and Li Si did in the 15 years after reunification?

1. Qin Shihuang and Li Si focused their energy on unifying the written language, formulating a new official system, formulating new etiquette, etc., so-called great undertakings to create and demonstrate Chinese civilization. There are no specific policies to care about domestic people's livelihood. Nor have Qin’s unique land reform policies been fully implemented in newly recovered lands. …………

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