Goodbye Zhang Zhenyue Jazz Music

Blues is a kind of vocal music and instrumental music based on pentatonic scale, and its other feature is special harmony. Blues is a form of singing among blacks after the Civil War. It is closely related to the plantation songs of black people (unaccompanied songs sung collectively during labor). Bruce originated from hymns, hymns, labor songs, shouts and carols of black slaves in the United States in the past. The "Voice of Blues" used in Blues and Qi Ying's singing style show its origin in West Africa. Bruce has a great influence on American and western pop music. Ragtime music, jazz, big bands, rhythm and blues, rock music, country music and ordinary pop songs, and even modern classical music all contain blues elements or are developed from blues. This word is often used to describe melancholy in poetry.

American pop music form. Also translated into blue tones. The original meaning is emotional sadness. In black songs, most of them describe the feelings of where you are going and express sadness. It is very appropriate to use the word Bruce to sum it up. After a long period of use, it became the general name of this kind of black songs, and then became a typical tune in American black music. Bruce was born at the end of 19, which is a combination of labor songs, soul songs and field songs sung by African blacks who were sold to slaves in the southern American manor. At first, blues was basically a song, accompanied only by guitar. Later, other instruments were gradually added, and instrumental blues appeared. The most famous blues singer is Bessie Smith. The first person to write down Bruce and deliver it for publication was W.C. Handy, known as the king of Bruce. Blues (English: blue, blue) has the same meaning as "blue devil", which means low-key, sad and melancholy. As early as 1798, George Coleman wrote a farce called "Blue Devil, a farce". /kloc-the word 0/9th century is used to mean tremor, delirium and police. The application of this word in African-American music may be older. 19 12 Memphis william christopher handy's Memphis Blues is the earliest written record of this word in music. When it comes to modern music, you can't help but talk about Bruce. It is a musical style created by black people living in the United States in difficult riffraff. It originated in the Mississippi River Delta in the early 20th century and served people in the early days. Later, it gradually influenced the development track of world pop music. Now, the blues scale used in these two kinds of music, like rock music, may not be learned in school music classes, but it has been deeply rooted in people's hearts by walking down the street every day and the sound from the video store. ...

In the 1920s, Bruce catered to some people with his unique lyrics, harmonious rhythm and melancholy melody, and gradually rose. Blues music contains a lot of poetic language, repeated over and over again, and then ends with a decisive line. Melody is based on chords, with I, IV and V as the main chords and 12 as the mode. In the melody, the third, fifth and seventh notes on the main theme are lowered by a semitone, which makes people feel bittersweet and sad.

Although the lead singer is the key in blues music, the improvisation of guitar-based instruments is also very wonderful. Musicians can transcend the boundaries of chords and play at will. In addition to the melancholy melody, it also includes the scraping sound of the knife and the use of the slider, as well as the humming sound imitating the lead singer. Eric clapton is a successful musician and songwriter in the process of popularizing blues music. If you haven't heard of it, start feeling it now!

Today, blues music has been incorporated into mainstream music, and many of its elements have been more applied to rock music and pop music. However, traditional blues music still has great power. Musicians in this field include B.B. King, john lee hooker, Etta Baker, jimi hendrix, junior Wells and Buddy Guy. Blues evolved from amateur music of poor slaves into various forms of complex music, which can also be classified. It was also found in all parts of the United States, and later in Europe, Africa and other parts of the world. Today's blues, like today's country music, began in the southern United States in the19th century. The earliest recordings of blues and country music were made in the1920s. At that time, the fledgling mass music industry studied and produced market types such as "African-American music" and "traditional music" to attract corresponding black or white customers. At that time, apart from the race of the performers, there was no obvious difference between blues and country music, and sometimes record companies mislabeled them. In fact, this classification by race is wrong. For example, at that time, people divided the gospel songs played by black slaves to their masters into blues, but in fact, the origin of this black religious song was hebrides. Thomas sauville, an American black economist and historian, also pointed out that the former slave population in the southern United States was largely assimilated by their Scottish-Irish "countryman" neighbors. But the research of kubik and others also shows that Bruce still contains a considerable degree of African heritage.

There have been many studies on the social and economic background of Bruce. The earliest appearance time of the blues is not very accurate, and it is generally considered to be between 1870 and 1900. This period is consistent with the process of slave liberation and the transition from slavery to cooperatives and small-scale agriculture in the southern United States. Some scholars define the development of this period as the change from group performance to more personalized form. Lawrence Levine believes that "the state's emphasis on individual consciousness, the popularity of Booker Washington's thought and the formation of Bruce are directly related. The psychological, social and economic impact of slavery on blacks is immeasurable, so it is very natural for their secular and religious music to reflect. " Musical form

There was no clear definition of blues and chords in the early 20th century, but 1930s blues became the standard. But in addition to the typical 12 blues, there are eight blues forms and 16 blues forms. The basic 12 blues embodies the standard 12 bar harmony, and its rhythm is 4/4 or 2/4 beats. The blues chord of 12 is generally a set of three different chords played on the combination of 12:

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Four four one one one

Five four one one or five

Here, Roman numerals represent harmonious scales. For example, if you play F major, the chord order is:

F F or Bb F F

Bb Bb F F

C Bb F F F or c

In this example, f is harmony and Bb is subordinate. It should be noted that in most cases, chords belong to the seventh chord. Generally, the last chord is the main chord of the next harmony in the harmony series (here in C major).

Lyrics usually end in the last beat of the tenth bar or the first beat of the eleventh bar, and the last two bars serve as a transition for the instrument players. The chords of these two bars can be very complicated, and sometimes it is impossible to analyze their chords. But the last beat is almost always based on the seventh chord to improve the power of the next lyric.

Melody, blues uses three, five and seven major semitones. 12 harmonic progression has been used for centuries. The revolutionary improvement of the blues is to use three, seven or even five flat notes in the melody, plus directly playing adjacent notes and "tearing notes" (like leading notes) at the same time. A classical musician usually plays the lead first, while a blues singer or harmonica player will adjust the pitch, and a blues pianist or guitarist will play two notes at the same time, and then release the lead in advance. Blues chords will also replace the main theme with minor seventh chords and major seventh chords. Occasionally, blues will use minor. There is not much difference between blues minor and traditional minor. The fifth flat is occasionally used in the main melody, and often the singer or the main instrument will play the fifth big in the chord at the same time. In addition, the minor blues is generally 16 bar instead of 12 bar, which is often influenced by evangelical religious music.

The rock rhythm of the blues is also a major feature. Its use strengthens the effect of rhythm and reaction. Many postwar electronic blues and rock music used one of these simpler rhythms. The early Bebop is a basic repetitive fragment, which consists of three notes based on guitar strings. The combination of this sound group with bass and drums creates a technique similar to bass walking, which brings Bruce his typical feeling. The last bar of a harmony usually changes to the beginning of the next harmony. Rock rhythm is often accompanied by the sound of "duo, duo, duo, da" or "dong, da, da, da". In guitar injury, it can use a simple, constant bass or turn from the fifth chord to the seventh chord step by step, and then turn back. The following chart symbols are examples of the first four bars using blues in e major:

E7 A7 E7 E7

E | - | - | - | - |

B | - | - | - | - |

G | - | - | - | - |

D | - |2 - 2-4 - 4-2 - 2-4 - 4| - | -

a | 2-2-4-4-2-2-4-4 | 0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0 | 2-2-4-4-2-2-4-4 | 2-2-4-4-4-2-2-2-4-4 |

e | 0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0 |-| 0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0 | 0-0-0-0-0-0 |

Classification of Bruce

Early American blues

Modern Bruce

jump blues

Harmonica blues