Is it from Lesson 26? Confucius said: "Isn't it just right to learn and practice it over time? Isn't it a joy to have friends come from afar? Isn't it a gentleman if a person doesn't know and is stunned?" (Eight Principles of the Analects of Confucius)

Confucius said: "Isn't it very happy to learn knowledge and then review it at a certain time? Isn't it also very happy to have like-minded people coming from afar? I am not angry when others don't understand me. Isn't that also a moral character? A noble person? ”

Explanation of key words:

(1) Zi: An honorific title for a man of status and knowledge in ancient China, sometimes also called a man in general. The words "Zi said" in "The Analects of Confucius" all refer to Confucius.

(2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to the study of traditional cultural classics such as rituals, music, poetry, and calligraphy of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

(3) Shi Xi: In the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "Shi" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at the appropriate time". However, Zhu Xi explained "Shi" as "Shi Chang" in "Analects of Confucius". "Xi" refers to practicing etiquette and music; reviewing poems and books. It also means review, practice, and practice.

(4) Say: Tong "yue" means happy and joyful.

(5) Friends: refers to people who share the same goals.

(6) Le (lè): happy.

(7) People don’t know: This sentence is incomplete and does not say what people don’t know. Missing object. Generally speaking, knowing means understanding. People don't know, which means that others don't understand themselves.

(8)愠(yùn): angry, angry.

(9) Gentleman: A person of high moral character.

Explanation of supplementary words:

And: conjunction.

Yi (yì): Same, also.

Hu: a modal particle, expressing a questioning mood, which can be translated as "?".

From: From.

Zhi: know, understand.

And: conjunction, but.

Regular practice: review from time to time.

To see; to covet.

Years; years.

Review; review.

Therefore; learned knowledge.

End; whole.

Of course; like this.

New; new knowledge.

Cold; cold.

After; later.

Tune; wither.

To; take him.

Must; certain, certain.

I; I.

Yan; this is within it.

To think; to think.

Select; select.

Goodness; advantage.

Three; several people.

The fifth knowledge is knowledge; Tongzhi is smart.

A gentleman; a person of high moral character.

Friend; like-minded friend.

The pronoun refers to learning.

Understanding of this paragraph:

The first sentence talks about learning methods. Regarding knowledge, "learning" is just a cognitive process, and "learning" is a stubborn process. If you want to obtain more knowledge, "learning" and "learning" must be unified.

The second sentence talks about the fun of learning. Visits by like-minded people can enhance friendship, learn from each other, and improve together.

The third sentence talks about attitude. "People don't know", after omitting the object "zhi", it can be translated as "I" or "oneself"

[Edit this paragraph] 2. Review

The Master said: "Review the past And knowing something new can make you a teacher." ("Wei Zheng")

Confucius said: "By reviewing the knowledge you have learned, you can gain new insights and experiences. ”

Explanation of key words:

Note: There are two interpretations of “reviewing the past and learning the new” in this chapter. The first is "reviewing the past to learn the new": reviewing what you have heard and gaining new insights from it; the second is "reviewing the past and learning the new": on the one hand, you must review the classics and stories, and on the other hand, you must strive to acquire new knowledge.

I think merging these two solutions may be more complete: within the scope of ability, read as many classics as possible, think over their meanings, and review the knowledge you have heard regularly, hoping to gain knowledge. Experience and understanding; and we should also try our best to absorb new knowledge; in this way, we can expand the field of human knowledge, and we can also give the wisdom of the sages the meaning of the times. In this way, integrating the old and the new and connecting the past and the present can be called "reviewing the past and learning the new."

Some scholars think that the explanation of "reviewing the past and learning the new" is not appropriate, because if interpreted literally, it only absorbs ancient and modern knowledge without any understanding. It is just like a knowledge buyer and seller, which is not enough for division. So let’s take a look at the meaning of “teacher”. In the Analects of Confucius, the word "teacher" is found in Chapter 14, and its meaning is similar to today's teacher.

So: old knowledge.

And: conjunction, indicating succession, thus.

Knowledge: understanding.

Yes: Yes.

To: rely on.

To: do.

Other word explanations:

Review the past and learn the new (idiom):

Please note that it is not learning the new by reviewing the past

Explanation: review: review; Therefore: old. Review old knowledge and gain new understanding and experience. It also means that recalling the past can better understand the present.

From: "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng": "One can become a teacher by reviewing the past and learning the new." Ban Gu's "Dongdu Fu" of the Han Dynasty: "It is difficult to review the past and learn the new, but those who know virtue are rare."

Example: ~ is an important method in learning.

Grammar: linked forms; used as predicates and attributives; used for study, work or other purposes

[Edit this paragraph] 3. Learning methods

Confucius said : "Learning without thinking is useless; thinking without learning is dangerous." ("Wei Zheng")

Confucius said: "If you just read and don't use your brain to think, you will feel confused and gain nothing." ; If you just dream and refuse to read, you will feel mentally exhausted and gain nothing.

This article explains the dialectical relationship between learning and thinking, and also talks about learning methods. ”

The key point. Word explanation:

And: conjunction, indicating turning point.

Rule: Conjunction, equivalent to "Jiu" and "Bian".

甔 (wǎng): Confused and gain nothing

Nearly (dài): This means harmful. Original meaning: danger

[Edit this paragraph] 4. The correct attitude towards things

Confucius said: "Yu, teach your daughter to know it! Knowing it is knowing it, not knowing it is not knowing, it is knowing. " ("Wei Zheng")

Confucius said: "Zi Lu, teach you the correct way to understand things. (That is) knowing means knowing, not knowing means not knowing. This is how to treat knowledge. and the correct attitude of not knowing."

(This paragraph talks about the correct attitude towards things.)

Explanation of key words:

Female (rǔ) : Use the personal pronoun "ru", you.

Zhi (zhì): Tong "zhi" The original word refers to "knowledge (zhi zhì)": Tong "zhi" means smart and wise.

Zhi: To teach on behalf of Confucius

Instruction: To teach, to pass on.

Hu: phonetic particle.

Origin: Zhong Youzi (Zilu) (542 BC - 480 BC) was a native of Bian (now Bianqiao Village, Quanlin Town, Sishui County, Shandong Province) in the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a favorite disciple of Confucius and was famous for his political affairs.

[Edit this paragraph] 5. Diligent in learning and eager to ask questions

Zi Gong asked: "Why does Confucius and Wenzi call it 'literary'?" Confucius said: "He is quick and eager to learn, and he is not ashamed to ask questions. , so it is called 'Wen'." ("Gongye Chang")

Zigong asked: "Why did the emperor give Confucius the title of 'Wen'?" Confucius said: "He. He was smart and fond of learning, and was not ashamed to ask for advice from those who were inferior to him. Therefore, he used 'Wen' as his posthumous title."

(Here he used the question to educate.) Disciples should study diligently and ask questions)

Zigong: Disciple of Confucius. The surname is Duanmu, the given name is Ci, and the courtesy name is Zigong

[Edit this paragraph] 6. Teaching attitude

Confucius said: "To learn things silently, to learn without getting tired of them, to teach others without getting tired, what's the point? "I am!" ("Shu Er")

This is Confucius's autobiography, which talks about learning attitudes and methods. You should keep what you have learned silently in your heart and continue to accumulate knowledge. "Never tire of learning" refers to the spirit of being eager to learn, never ending learning, and never feeling satisfied. "Being tireless in teaching" refers to teaching attitude and teaching students enthusiastically. Confucius was very humble, so he said humbly: "What kind of thing have I accomplished!" (This is Confucius' humble expression)

Translation: "Study knowledge seriously and don't talk too much; learn without talking too much." If you feel tired, you can help those who can help without feeling tired."

[Edit this paragraph] 7. Ask for advice with an open mind

Master said: "When three people walk together, there must be someone. I am a teacher; choose those who are good and follow them, and those who are not good and change them." Confucius said: "If there are several people walking together, one of them must be mine. Teachers. You should choose their strengths to learn from, and pay attention to correcting their shortcomings. What it says here is that as long as you ask for advice humbly, there are teachers everywhere.

Must. I have my teacher Yan: When I see a wise man, I learn from him, hoping to be on par with him. Yan means "within", which means "among them". p>

Yan: It also means "with", where

It means to choose the good one and follow it: to replace the good one.

It means to choose it. Change those who are not good: replace those who are not good

[Edit this paragraph] 8. Educate people

Confucius said: "If you are not angry, you will not be enlightened; if you are not angry, you will not be angry. If you take one corner and don't turn it back with three, it won't happen again.

”

Confucius said: When teaching a student, don’t enlighten him until he wants to understand but can’t; don’t enlighten him until he wants to say it but can’t; don’t enlighten him until he gives a method but he can’t. If the other three methods cannot be derived from this type, we will not teach him any more.

[Edit this paragraph] 9. Article content

1. Article content (1)

Confucius said: "Isn't it true that when you learn, you practice it?" Isn’t it great to have friends from far away? Isn't it a gentleman who doesn't know something but doesn't get upset? ”

Confucius said: “You can become a teacher by reviewing the past and learning the new.” ”

Confucius said: “Learning without thinking will lead to indifference; thinking without learning will lead to peril.” "

Confucius said: "Yu, I will teach you what you know! To know is to know, and to not know is to know. This is knowledge. "

Zigong asked: "Why did Confucius and Wenzi call it 'wen'? Confucius said: "He is quick and eager to learn, and he is not ashamed to ask questions. This is why he is called 'literary'." ”

Confucius said: “I know it silently, I am not tired of learning, I am not tired of teaching others, what is that for me?” "

Confucius said: "When three people walk, they must have my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. "

Confucius said: "If you are not angry, you will not be enlightened; if you are not angry, you will not be angry. If you take one corner and don't turn it back with three, it won't happen again. ”

Article content (2)

Isn’t it true to say that one learns and then practices it? Isn’t it a joy to have friends from afar? A person who doesn’t know but is not stunned is not a gentleman. Really?

Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing.

Those who know are not as good as those who are good, and those who are good are not as good as those who are happy.

People must have a teacher; choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones.

If you review the past and learn the new, you can become a teacher. Then I know that the pines and cypresses will wither.

If you don’t have the desire to haste, you will not achieve anything. Staying up all night and thinking is useless, it is better to learn.

2. Literary knowledge

3. Pronunciation

4. Tongjiazi

1. Learning and practicing it from time to time will not only make you happy and happy

2. If you teach your daughter to know it, you will know it, you

3. Knowing it means knowing it. , I don’t know because I don’t know, I know and I know (the 5th) wise, wise, wise

4. Never get tired of learning, learn well, be satisfied

5. Ancient and modern synonyms< /p>

6. Inflection of parts of speech

7. Multiple meanings of one word

8. Explanation of key words

9. Special sentence patterns

10. Rhythm of reading aloud

11. Dictation for comprehension

1. Learning and thinking are closely related and inseparable. There has long been a penetrating discussion:

“Learning without thinking is a waste of time, and thinking without learning is a disaster. "

2. When General Secretary Hu Jintao met with Lien Chan, Chairman of the Kuomintang from Taiwan, in Beijing, he quoted Confucius' words from "The Analects of Confucius" "It's such a joy to have friends come from far away! "Expressed his joy to see friends who came from afar.

3. In "Two Children Debating the Sun", Confucius "cannot decide" when faced with the children's argument, and the two children laughed and said: "Who knows so much about you! ”

If you were Confucius in the story, which sentence from "The Analects of Confucius" would you use to answer? *To know is to know, not to know is not to know, which is knowledge

12. Translation of key sentences

13. Understanding the text content

14. Open-ended questions

1. Many places in this article talk about self-cultivation As a person, what do you think inspires you the most?

2. In your study, have you consciously or unconsciously used any of the things discussed in this article? Talk about the learning method and share it with everyone.

Example: I often consciously use the learning method of combining learning and thinking, that is, "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous." . I found that my knowledge and ability have been improved.

3. The book "The Analects" records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples more than two thousand years ago. You must have gained a lot! How about, try to write one! The content can be about learning attitude, learning methods and self-cultivation, but try to be more classic.

I said: There is no book. Reading is not a gentleman, and being proud and complacent is a villain.

15. Accumulation

1. Accumulate several idioms in the article, be tireless in learning, be tireless in teaching others, be tireless in reviewing the past, and learn the new. There must be a teacher among us. Don’t be ashamed to ask questions

2. Try to summarize the examples in the article about learning attitude and learning methods

Learning attitude: Be quick to learn, don’t be ashamed to ask questions, and never tire of learning.

When three people are walking, I must be my teacher.

If you know something, you know it, and if you don’t know it, you don’t know it. Those who know are not as good as those who are good, and those who are good are not as good as those who are happy. The person who passed away is like a man, and he does not give up day and night

Learning methods: Learn and practice from time to time. Learning without thinking is useless. Thinking without learning is almost silent. Recognize the past and learn the new.

I don’t eat all day long and stay up all night. , thinking is useless, it is not as good as learning

3. Understanding and reciting

①The sentence in "The Analects" that explains the relationship between learning and thinking is: Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without thinking If you don't learn, you will be in danger.

② When expressing in life that we are good at learning from the positive and also good at borrowing from the negative, we often quote the words from "The Analects": (It is also a sentence with a similar meaning to "learn from each other's strengths") Choose the good one And from this, those who are not good should change it.

③ Confucius used the topic to teach his disciples to study diligently and ask questions. The sentence is: sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask;

④In life, we should express that we should learn from those who have strengths. Commonly used "When three people are walking together, there must be a teacher from me";

⑤The correct attitude towards learning is to seek truth from facts, and the sentence that cannot be pretended to understand is: knowing what is known is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, it is knowing; < /p>

⑥The sentence that explains the attitude of studying and learning is that learning is a joy (three realms): Those who know are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who enjoy it;

⑦Confucius The sentence that laments the passing of time and encourages myself and my students to cherish time and study is: The passing of time is like a man, and he does not give up day and night.

⑨ When others do not understand or even misunderstand oneself, Confucius believes in the Analects that the correct attitude should be adopted: a person who does not know but is not stunned is not a gentleman.

⑩The AAPP conference was held in Chongqing, and the people in the mountain city welcomed the guests from all over the world. There is a sentence in "The Analects" that can express this joy: "Isn't it a joy to have friends coming from far away?"

Shixi: Shi, on time; Xi, practice, review.

Said: Same as "Yue", joy, happiness

Anger: resentment, anger

Yu: Zhongyou, named Zilu, a disciple of Confucius

p>

甔: Confused and without gain

Nearly: Mentally tired but without gain

From: Learning

Correction: Correction

Cheng: become Da: achieve

Desire: want

To: use

Benefit: benefit

Three: several empty fingers

Taste: Once upon a time

Wither: Wither, wither

Yan: Concurrently with Ci, Yuzhi ( Among them)

Min: Diligence, hard work

Zi: A good name or honorific for men in ancient times, here refers to Confucius

Yan: Satisfaction

Then: Just

Contrary: Analogy

Teaching: Teach, teach

Female: Same as "you", you

Good person : Advantages

Then: After this

It is knowledge: This is smart

[Edit this paragraph] 11. Translation

1. Confucius said: "Isn't it right to learn and practice from time to time? Isn't it a joy to have friends come from afar? If someone doesn't know and is unhappy, isn't that a gentleman?" ("Xue Er")

Confucius said: "Learning requires constant review to master. It is a pleasure to learn knowledge and review it on time. It is a pleasure to have like-minded people coming from afar to discuss problems together. Others don't understand, I But not resenting is the style of a gentleman. "(There are both learning methods and learning attitudes. Friends here refer to like-minded people.)

2. Confucius said: "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing. , is knowledge. "

Confucius said: "If you know, just say you know, if you don't know, just admit that you don't know. This is true wisdom."

3. Confucius said: " Those who know it are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who love it." ("Yong Ye")

Confucius said: "(For any career and knowledge) Those who understand it are not as good as those who love it. Those who enjoy it are not as good as those who enjoy it." (This paragraph mainly talks about the three levels of learning. Only those who enjoy it can truly learn it well.)

4. Confucius said: " When three people are walking together, there must be a teacher; choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones." ("Shu Er")

Confucius said: "When several people walk together, there must be one among them. Someone can be my teacher. I should choose their strengths to learn from, and pay attention to correcting their shortcomings." (This is saying that as long as you ask for advice humbly, there are teachers everywhere.)

5. Zi. Said: "By reviewing the old knowledge and learning the new, you can become a teacher." ("Wei Zheng")

Confucius said: "Reviewing old knowledge can lead to new understanding or discovery. In this way, you can become a teacher. "

6. Confucius said: "When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither.

" ("The Analects of Confucius·Zihan")

Confucius said: "The years are cold, and then you know the reason why pine and cypress trees eventually wither. ” (In the metaphor, it is still through severe testing that the quality of everything can be identified.)

7. Confucius said: “If there is no desire for haste, there will be no small gains. If you have haste, you will not achieve anything. If you see small gains, you will achieve great things.” No. "

Confucius said: "Don't be quick and don't be greedy for small profits. Trying to be quick will not achieve the goal; if you are greedy for small profits, you will not achieve great things. ”

8. Confucius said: “I don’t eat all day long and stay up all night thinking about it. It’s useless. It’s better to learn.” "("Wei Linggong")

Kong Yu said: "I used to not eat all day long, stay up all night, thinking about problems, (but it was not) beneficial, I might as well study.

”