747 Boeing 747, carrying about 350-400 passengers. (747 and 74E are different models of Boeing 747).
777 Boeing 777, carrying about 350 passengers. (or code 77B)
Boeing 767 carries about 280 passengers.
M 1 1 McDonnell Douglas 1 1, carrying about 340 passengers.
340 Airbus 340, carrying about 350 passengers.
300 Airbus 300, carrying about 280 passengers (or code AB6).
3 10 Airbus 3 10, carrying about 250 passengers.
A Soviet plane, ILW Il86, carried about 300 passengers.
Medium-sized aircraft: refers to single-aisle aircraft with more than 0/00 passengers and less than 200 passengers.
M82
M90 McDonnell Douglas 82 and McDonnell Douglas 90 carry about 150 passengers.
737
738
733 Boeing 737 series passenger 130- 160 or so.
320 Airbus 320, carrying about 180 passengers.
TU5 Soviet plane, carrying about 150 passengers.
146 BAE- 146 plane, carrying passengers 108 people.
YK2 Jacques 42, a Soviet plane, carries about 1 10.
Small aircraft: refers to aircraft with less than 100 seats, which are mostly used for regional flights.
YN7 is a domestic plane with about 50 passengers.
An-24 is a Soviet plane with about 50 passengers.
SF3 Saab 100, carrying about 30 passengers.
ATR Yatai 72A carries about 70 passengers.
Boeing Company of the United States and Airbus Company of Europe are the two largest aircraft manufacturers in the world. Boeing is the largest airline in the world. 1997, Boeing and McDonnell Douglas merged. Its main civil aircraft products include 7 17, 737, 747, 757, 767, 777 and Boeing business jets. There are more than 1 1000 Boeing jetliners in use all over the world. Airbus Europe was founded in 1970, and now it has become the main competitor of Boeing Aircraft Company in the world civil aircraft market. In the past 30 years, the company has received more than 4,200 orders from 65,438+075 customers.
Introduction of Boeing Aircraft Model in Boeing Aircraft Model Series
Brief introduction of Boeing 737
Boeing 737 is a twin-engine (power) medium and short-haul transport aircraft produced by Boeing Company, and is known as the most successful civil airliner in the history of world aviation. After obtaining the start-up order of 10 aircraft from Lufthansa, the development of Boeing 737 aircraft began in May/964, and the prototype was tested in April/967./kloc-0 obtained the airworthiness certificate in February/968, and/kloc-0 was put into operation in February/968.
The basic model of Boeing 737 is B737- 100. The traditional B737 is divided into 100/200/300/400/500 and1998 65438+February 5th, and the 3000th traditional B737 was delivered. At present, the traditional B737 has been discontinued.
1993165438+10, the new generation Boeing 737 project was officially launched. The new generation Boeing 737 is divided into four models: 600/700/800/900. It has won the favor of the market with its excellent technology and is called the fastest-selling civil airliner. By the end of 200 1, more than 1000 aircraft had been delivered.
In June 2000, 5438+ 10, Boeing 737 became the first aircraft in history to fly more than 65438+ billion hours.
Performance: 2 engine 180 seat cruising altitude 10670 maximum range 5890 maximum flight speed of each row of seats 6 883.
Brief introduction of Boeing 747
Boeing 747 is a four-engine (power) long-range wide-body transport aircraft produced by Boeing Company. It is a wide-fuselage passenger plane, which has been successfully developed and sold. /kloc-0 began to develop in August, 1965, the prototype was tested in February, 1969, and the first 747 was delivered to Pan Am in October, 1970/kloc-0, which opened a new era of wide-body airliner route service. Its double-deck cabin and unique shape make it the most recognizable subsonic airliner.
Performance: 4 engines, 300 seats, cruising altitude 10670, maximum range of 5890, 6 seats in each row, maximum flight speed of 956.
Brief introduction of Boeing 757
Boeing 757 is a twin-engine narrow-body medium and long-range transport aircraft produced by Boeing Company. It was developed in March of 1979. It is interchangeable with Boeing 767 developed in the same period in design, manufacture and operation. The first Boeing 757 made its first flight in February 1982. In February of the same year, it obtained the airworthiness certificate and put it into operation. 1986 65438+Two delayed flights were approved in February.
Based on Boeing 727, Boeing 757 has adopted new wings and advanced engines, and modified the fuselage shape.
The main design goal of Boeing 757 aircraft is to reduce operating costs by reducing fuel consumption and fuselage weight.
Boeing Company started the new Boeing 757-300 project on September 2, 1996. The first customer is Condor Airlines, which specializes in charter flights.
At present, Boeing has delivered more than 1000 Boeing 757s to customers.
Due to the decreasing market demand and the competition from Airbus, in June 65438+1October 65438+June 2003, Boeing officially announced that it would stop producing Boeing 757 aircraft in 2004. Boeing also said that the new generation of Boeing 737 series and Boeing 7E7 can cover the market of Boeing 757 with 200 seats.
Performance: 2 engine cruising altitude of 200 seats 10670 maximum range of 5890 seats per row of 6 maximum flight speed of 956.
Brief introduction of Boeing 767
Boeing 767 is a mid-range twin-engine (power) half-width transport aircraft produced by Boeing Company. It is mainly used to compete for the market formed by the retirement of 200 landline long-range passenger planes such as B707, DC8 and B727 in the 1980s. 1972 put forward the scheme, and in July 1978 started the comprehensive development. 198 1 On September 26th, the first Boeing 767 made its first flight and was put into operation in type certificate on July 1982.
Boeing 767 adopts a brand-new fuselage with a width of 5.03 meters, which is suitable for the comfortable double-channel cabin layout and can adapt to the existing standard containers and pallets. At the same time, a wide-body aircraft with two pilots was adopted for the first time.
Boeing 767 strives to maintain more commonality with Boeing 757 in design. International cooperation is adopted in aircraft development. Boeing mainly undertakes the final assembly of aircraft. Japan's Mitsubishi, Kawasaki, Fuji Heavy Industries and Italy's Lenya Company also participated in the development, each bearing 15% of the development expenses and production workload.
As of May 2002, nearly 900 Boeing 767 aircraft have been delivered to about 60 airlines around the world.
1In May, 1985, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved that the Boeing 767 could be at most 0/20 minutes away from the alternate airport 120 minutes, that is, 120 minutes of ETOPS. 1March 1989, approved by FAA 180-minute ETOPS.
Performance: 2 Engine cruising altitude of 225 seats 1 1000, maximum range of 9000, each row of seats 10, maximum flight speed of 830.
Brief introduction of Boeing 777
Boeing 777 is a twin-engine wide-body airliner developed by Boeing Company of the United States. 1990 65438+/kloc-0 officially started on October 29th1994 June 12 The first test flight of the 10 Boeing 777 was carried out, and in April199510. Boeing has signed risk-sharing partnership agreements with Mitsubishi, Kawasaki and Fuji Heavy Industries of Japan, and Japan will undertake 20% of the 777 structural work.
The size and range of Boeing 777 are between B767-300 and B747-400. It has the characteristics of flexible cockpit layout, wide range and different models, and can meet the ever-changing market demand. In the early stage of design. Boeing has conducted extensive and in-depth discussions with some airlines to determine and develop the structural layout of new aircraft. These airlines include United Airlines, All Nippon Airways, British Airways, Japan Airlines and Cathay Pacific Airways in Hong Kong, which represent the existing operating level of all airlines in terms of route structure, passenger flow and service frequency. The participation of these airlines ensures that the products meet the needs of airlines all over the world to the maximum extent.
Boeing 777 is parked on the runway. One of its most obvious identification marks is its three-axis six-wheel main landing gear system and two front wheels. This structure not only effectively disperses the road load, but also makes the landing gear strut of the aircraft not more than three.
Boeing 777 cockpit adopts the latest flat LCD display system and digital cockpit technology. Keep driving
A CD that does not use a lateral joystick. The digital cockpit technology of Boeing 777 has been verified on Boeing 757, Boeing 767 and Boeing 747-400 aircraft. Many manual control inkstones can be completed automatically, reducing the workload of pilots. Flexible fly-by-wire control system has a driver-friendly interface. Compared with traditional mechanical control, it not only reduces the weight, but also reduces the maintenance work. In addition, the flight control system in the cockpit is standard both in appearance and inside. The difference is that the flight control is electronically controlled, which is the first time on a Boeing commercial aircraft.
Boeing 777 completed the most complicated flight test project in aviation history, and a total of 10 Boeing 777s participated in the flight test.
Performance: 2 Engine cruising altitude of 380 seats 1 1000, maximum range of 9000, each row of seats 10, maximum flight speed of 830.
European Airbus Aircraft Model Series Airbus Model Inquiry
Brief introduction of Airbus 330/340
A330 and A340 are two advanced dual-channel wide-body passenger aircraft announced by European Airbus Industry Company in May 438+0986+10 after analyzing the demands of major airlines in the world in the 1990s. Except the number of engines and different engine-related systems, these two models have great commonalities. They have 85% parts that can be used in common. They use the same fuselage, but the length is different, and the cockpit, wing, tail, landing gear and various systems are the same, which can reduce the development cost.
These two models also retain the efficient fuselage cross-section design of A300/A3 10 model.
1in April, 1987, the European Bus Industry Company decided to launch A330 and A340 at the same time as a plan. The research and development expenses of A330 and A340 totaled US$ 2.5 billion (1986 currency).
Performance: 2 engine cruising altitude of 300-380 seats 10670 maximum range 5890 maximum flight speed of each row of seats 6 883.
Brief introduction of Airbus 320
A320 series is a 150-seat twin-engine short-haul airliner developed by Airbus Europe. Including A3 18, A3 19, A320 and A32 1. The basic configuration of the cockpit of these four passenger planes is the same, and pilots can fly these four different passenger planes as long as they receive the same flight training. This universal design also reduces the maintenance cost and the inventory of spare air materials. A320 is a truly innovative aircraft, which sets a new standard for single-aisle aircraft. Because the wider cabin provides greater comfort for passengers, A320 can use wider seats and more spacious cabin space, flying farther and faster than its competitors, so it has better use economy. On this basis, bigger and smaller A32 1 with 186, A3 19 with 124 and A3 18 with 107 were developed.
In the design of A320 series passenger aircraft, the principle of "winning by innovation" is adopted, and advanced design and production technology, new structural materials and advanced digital airborne electronic equipment are adopted. It is the world's first subsonic civil transport aircraft with fly-by-wire control system. Its wing is improved on the basis of A3 10 wing, and the double-bubble fuselage section greatly improves the capacity of loading luggage and containers in the cargo hold. Its cabin is comfortable and spacious, and it is the most popular 150-seat short-haul passenger plane at present.
1in may, 994, Boeing bought a second-hand A320 aircraft and displayed it in Seattle to inspire Boeing employees, which may also be Airbus's greatest honor.
Performance: 2 Engine 107- 124 seat cruising altitude 10670 maximum range 5890 maximum flight speed per row of seats 6 883.
Brief introduction of Airbus 3 10
Airbus 300 is a twin-engine wide-body passenger aircraft developed by European Airbus Industry Company with the support of French, German, British, Dutch and Spanish governments. 1Development started in September, 1969;1Airbus 300B 1 The prototype made its first flight in October and was delivered in May; 1974. At present, more than 500 aircraft have been delivered.
A3 10 is a 200-seat medium and short-haul passenger plane developed by European Airbus Industry Company on the basis of A300B. It has a short fuselage and new wings. 1978 began to develop, and the first prototype made its first flight on April 3, 1982. 1March 983 1 1 was awarded to type certificate, France and Germany, and1March 983 was put into use. At the end of 1983, an experiment was started to install a wingtip sail at the wingtip to reduce the wing resistance. A3 10-200-200 delivered from 1986 in May were all equipped with wingtip sails.
At present, there are few orders for these two models.
The A300 became the first wide-body aircraft with only two pilots, and the digital cockpit of A300 and A3 10 became the reference model of the industry.
A3 10 is the first passenger plane with electronic flight instruments and electronic flight monitors in the cockpit. Another innovation is to replace the control surface operated by steel cables with electronic signals.
Performance: 2 engines, 204 seats, cruising altitude, 9450, maximum range, 6820, 6 seats in each row, maximum flight speed, 883.
Inquiry and introduction of McDonnell Douglas aircraft model series of McDonnell Douglas Company
Introduction of MD90
MD90 series is a short-and medium-range twin-engine jetliner developed by former McDonald Douglas Company of the United States on the basis of MD80. Used to replace MD80 series passenger aircraft.
1989165438+1October, McDonnell Douglas announced the launch of the MD90 project. McDonnell Douglas originally planned to install the super-Gao Han Dow propeller fan engine on the MD90, and then install the turbofan engine. The reason is that the oil price in the world oil market tends to be stable all the time, which makes the fuel-saving effect of propeller fan engine unable to reflect its economic advantages.
MD-90 passenger plane series is equipped with V2500 turbofan engines with two international aero-engines. It adopts the same fuselage cross section as MD-80, advanced high-lift wings and cockpit display of electronic flight instrument system, and interchangeable standard unit fuselage components, so that MD-90 can be assembled with MD-80 on the same production line.
The development of MD90 started at1989165438+10/4. The first prototype of MD90 was tested for the first time on February 22nd, 0993. In June 1994 65438+ 10/6, it was awarded to American Federal Airlines.
Due to the merger of McDonnell Douglas by Boeing Company in 1997, MD90 collided with Boeing's product line, and now it has stopped production, producing 1 17 in total.
Performance: 2 engines 153 seats, cruising altitude 10670, maximum range 5890, maximum flight speed of each row of seats 883.
Introduction of MD80
MD80 series is a medium and short-haul passenger plane developed by former McDonald Douglas Company of the United States on the basis of DC9-50 passenger plane. 1977 10 started to be developed, and its original name was DC9-80, which belongs to the extension and improvement of DC9-50, and 80 indicates that the expected running time is 1980. The first prototype 1979 10 was tested for the first time. 1980 was granted the airworthiness certificate of the United States Federal Aviation Administration in August and delivered in September of the same year. 1June, 983, the former McDonald Douglas Company gave up the famous trademark of DC commercial aircraft and changed its name to MD, and the DC9-80 series was changed to MD80 series.
Compared with DC9-50, the main improvement of MD-80 series is that the fuselage is lengthened, the wingspan is enlarged, the engine with higher thrust and advanced airborne equipment are adopted, and the fuel consumption and noise are reduced. MD80 series passenger aircraft, like Boeing 737 and A320, are the best-selling short-haul passenger aircraft in 1980s and 1990s. At present, it has stopped production and produced nearly 1200 aircraft.
Performance: 2 engines 130 seats, cruising altitude 10670, maximum range of 5890, maximum flight speed of each row of seats of 883.
Introduction to MD 1 1
MD 1 1 is an advanced medium/long-range three-engine large wide-body airliner introduced by McDonald Douglas Company to meet the demand of the world civil aircraft market in the 1990s, replacing DC 10. 1development began in July, 1985, and McDonnell Douglas officially announced 1986, 1 1 on February 30th. MD 1 1 is developed on the basis of DC 10-30-30. Compared with dc 1o-30, its improvement is as follows:
Install winglets with inclined upper and lower wing tips to reduce the sweepback angle, use integral trim fuel tank, lengthen tail wing, adopt advanced all-digital cockpit and equip with two crew members. The range of MD 1 1 increased by 27%, and the passenger capacity increased. The application of composite materials is the design feature of MD 1 1. More than 20 structural members are made of composite materials, and aluminum-lithium alloy floor beams have been used since 14 machine.
Due to the small number of orders for this type of aircraft, the development and production work once slowed down or even stopped. 1October 8 1990 165438 obtained the airworthiness certificate and put it into operation on February 7 of the same year. However, this type of aircraft did not reach the designed voyage, and the aircraft leaving the factory after 1993 have been improved to varying degrees, including changing the total weight of the aircraft, improving engine performance, aerodynamics and so on.
Due to the merger of McDonnell Douglas with Boeing in 1997, MD 1 1 collided with Boeing's product line, and stopped production in 2000, with a total of about 200 aircraft delivered.
Performance: 2 Engine 160-240-seat cruising altitude 10670 Maximum range 5890 Maximum flight speed per row of seats 6 883.
The true story of a model airplane: ask the model airplane without discount when buying a plane ticket.
Although the air crash in Baotou on June 5438+065438+1October 2 1 2004 did not have much impact on the civil aviation passenger transport market in our city, and the passenger flow in Chongqing Airport remained stable, people's previous ticket purchasing habits unexpectedly changed.
The reporter learned from China Civil Aviation Chongqing Ticket Sales Center yesterday, "What people who buy air tickets ask most now is not the discount of air tickets, but the model, which was rare in the past." According to a manager of the ticket sales center in Shangqing Temple, people who used to buy tickets were most concerned about whether there was a discount on the tickets, at least a few discounts. At present, most customers ask the model first, but they still have to ask which airline it is, and then the discount is made. Some customers don't even care about the discount, just ask the model.
According to an airline, there are currently four EMB 145 small aircraft made in Brazil in our city. Because some passengers now have doubts about the safety of small planes, the passenger load factor of small planes has dropped by 20% compared with usual.
Citizen: It's safer to take a big plane.
It is said that there is a "cold saying" in the international aviation community: "The public quickly understands the situation of a certain type of aircraft, often not when it first flies, but when it first falls."
Baotou air crash is the first small jet plane crash in the history of world civil aviation, but generally speaking, most passengers prefer to take big planes like Boeing and Airbus. Many people think that the bigger the plane, the more comfortable and safe it is, such as Boeing 777, 747, Airbus 330, 340 and other models, because large aircraft have strong resistance to airflow fluctuations.
However, business travelers who often fly don't care about the size of the plane, while those who have never flown or rarely fly are more concerned about this.
Expert: Aircraft safety has nothing to do with aircraft size.
Do small planes really need to be weak? Chongqing aviation experts explicitly denied it. This person said that aircraft safety has nothing to do with the size of the aircraft, because the factors that determine safe flight are very complicated, including weather, operation and maintenance. Now some people think that the small plane is not safe because it bumps badly in the airflow, which is not correct.
He explained that small planes mainly fly to regional lines, and the cruising altitude of regional planes is generally around 9000 meters, which belongs to the troposphere, and the airflow fluctuates greatly, so the aircraft is greatly disturbed by climate. Trunk aircraft can fly at an altitude of 1. 1 10,000 meters, which belongs to the stratosphere with relatively stable airflow, so it is relatively stable. He stressed: "The small plane bumps badly in the airflow, and the ride comfort will definitely decline, but the safety will never decline." It is reported that at present, regional aircraft have a large market in developed countries and regions abroad. For example, the number of regional aircraft in the United States accounts for 40% of the total number of aircraft.
It is understood that small aircraft adopt the same standards as large trunk aircraft in terms of design, research and development, and production quality assurance. , which is the same as the standard requirements for airworthiness before being put into operation. In fact, whether it is a big plane or a small plane, the security inspection system given by airlines is the same.
1, American Boeing series Boeing. It has occupied the super
Over 30% market share, mainly producing B707 and 727.
737747 757 767 777. Boeing 737
The plane is a twin-engine (medium-short) engine produced by Boeing Company.
Cheng transport aircraft, developed in 1964, prototype in 1967.
Flight test and airworthiness certificate, put into operation. that
The basic model is B737- 100. At present, China has
B-737 accounts for a large proportion (about 150) in civil airliners, of which 300/400/500 is the main model, while the new generation 700/800.
Type A is also adopted by airlines. Its average passenger capacity range is 120- 170, and its cruising altitude is 1 1000m (the cruising speed of the new generation 737 will be higher.
Altitude), commercial load 16 tons, maximum Mach number 0.82M ... There are more than 3,500 B737 in operation all over the world.
2. American McDonnell Douglas series.
Doctor of medicine. Its global market share has reached 20%.
Production MD80 MD90 MD 1 1 and other models. MD82
It is an improved version of Model 80 in MD80 aircraft series. Is the present genus.
Development of DC-9 aircraft of Boeing McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Company
Short-range and medium-range planes are coming. Both belong to B737 and A320.
Level. 1985, China and the United States jointly produced 25 aircraft in Shanghai Aircraft Company and delivered them to civil aviation. It has two jet engines and is a guest.
147- 172, cruising altitude 1 1300m, oil load 17 ton.
3. Airbus series jointly produced by Britain, France, Germany, Netherlands and Spain in Europe. Its market share is 20%, and it mainly produces A300 3 10.
320 330 340 and other models.
4. Russian-made aircraft: Figure (Figure) Figure Belev:
Is TU 154IL (il), such as:
IL 14。 IL 18。 Il 86. IL 76Y K (Jacques) is as follows:
YK42AN (an) such as: AN24 (TU- 154) aircraft.
Three kinds of medium-range flights designed by Russian tupolev Design Bureau.
Machine, 1972 to start delivery. This is the first time in Russia.
Aircraft designed according to western standards. Among the aircraft developed in Russia, TU 154 aircraft is widely used. Passengers and cruise ships 164.
Altitude 12000m, voyage 6900km, commercial load 20 tons.
5. Other models: British and French BAE- 146 Canada.
Fokker (FK 100).DHC8 and so on.
BAE- 146 is a four-engine short range developed by British Aerospace Corporation.
Regional aircraft have basic models and extended models, providing 82-
1 10, cruising altitude 9000m, range 2700km.
, carrying oil 10 ton.
There are many Airbus in China.