My mind is not clear, so what should I write?

Animals? Plants? Microbes? Or genetically modified?

I feel that there is nothing to write, or even if it is forced out, the quality of the article is difficult to guarantee.

I would rather not contribute than ignore quality. Otherwise, this is my job. I didn't do well, okay? What do we think? What does the author think?

What do people who have always liked the official account of Fulgent WeChat think? How can I spend my days in the biosphere in the future?

So ... I think I'm overthinking it.

From the perspective of social psychology, I must have encountered a "bottleneck".

then ...

I frown, haha, let's play together if we have it!

Sort out some of the short articles written before, and you won't make up a "bottleneck effect"!

Bottleneck effect in genetic evolution

In the hot summer, I was reading the literature about silkworm domestication, and finally understood it.

On a whim, I pulled the valve and plopped, and my thoughts flew back to my hometown in Sangtian.

I have an impulse to write a poem, but I don't know how to write it. Finally, I had to use Bing Xin's body as a poem to resolve the impulse. Although this poem is not very good, it also expounds the principle of group domestication:

"Silkworms on the treetops,

When you moved to the farm,

The number of SNP has decreased ... "

After writing the poem, it is necessary to explain. After all, sometimes interlacing is like a mountain.

"Silkworm in the treetops" and "Silkworm after relocation" represent "wild silkworm" and "silkworm" respectively. The hero of the story is silkworm, and the story is "housewarming". After reading the first two sentences, readers can't help thinking, what will happen if wild silkworms become farm silkworms? The following sentence gives the answer: the number of SNP has decreased …

SNP is a single nucleotide polymorphism. What is single nucleotide polymorphism? I don't want to explain these in too professional terms, and I guess no one wants to see those popular science words that disturb endocrine, so I'd better keep my own style and say them in the most popular language. Everyone in our life has a unique face, even twins are slightly different, which is convenient for us to identify everyone. You can tell that he is Zhang San when you see this face, and Li Si when you see that face. The fundamental reason for the difference in face shape is that everyone's own genetic material is different. This reaction is SNP in DNA. If DNA is equated with face, then SNP is the most detailed difference in DNA. These differences are called variation or polymorphism. Of course, SNP is only one kind of DNA variation or polymorphism.

Let's talk about "silkworm" again. Due to its own heredity and surrounding environment, the growth rate, cocoon size, disease resistance and other traits of wild silkworm are different among individuals, showing a polymorphic scene of "a hundred schools of thought contend". When people start to raise silkworms, they will choose some silkworms with favorable characteristics, such as screening some silkworms with fast growth, large cocoon formation and strong disease resistance for breeding and reproduction. After a long period of screening and breeding, some traits that are unfavorable to human beings were eliminated in the domestication process, while the traits that are beneficial to human beings such as large silk production, strong disease resistance and fast growth rate were retained, and wild silkworms were domesticated into silkworms. Let's compare wild silkworm with silkworm. Because the wild silkworm has not been artificially screened, some of its wild characters have been preserved and can evolve relatively freely; Silkworm evolved according to human requirements, which is not conducive to the gradual loss of human traits, which is reflected in the decrease of polymorphism and SNP in DNA. ...

In fact, this is not only the experience of silkworms, but also these things will happen in rice fields. The pace of thought has moved from mulberry fields to rice fields.

Wild rice has the characteristics of natural threshing, that is, the seeds leave the plant after maturity, and the contact surface of spikelet axis of wild rice after threshing is smooth, which makes its seeds unfavorable for harvesting. Therefore, the cultivated rice domesticated by humans has lost this characteristic and needs artificial threshing, leaving a "scar" on the contact surface of spikelet axis. There is evidence! Among the rice spikelets unearthed from Huxi site in Yongkang City, central Zhejiang Province, both the bottom plate is smooth and the bottom plate is scarred. However, almost all the rice we grow today do not have the characteristics of natural threshing. In this domestication process, related genes were also screened at the same time, and domestication made polymorphism develop towards convergence. Domestication is a "bottleneck", and only traits and genes beneficial to human beings can be preserved through the bottleneck, which is the "bottleneck effect" in genetics.

Although I am honest and dutiful, my mind is bohemian, and it is no longer satisfied with strolling among mulberry trees and stumbling rice fields.

So, the mud leg in my mind was pulled out of the mud in the rice field and I planned to cross it once. One day 65 million years ago, an asteroid broke into the earth's atmosphere, and a lot of dust rose into the atmosphere. Severe earthquakes occurred one after another, forest fires and thick smoke covered the sky. In a short time, most of the large species represented by dinosaurs became extinct, while some mammals survived. Disastrous scenes should not be described too much. What I want to say is that the history of biological evolution is like this. Adapted to survive, not adapted to quit the historical stage. Every catastrophe on earth can also be regarded as a "bottleneck". Through the bottleneck, adapt to the environment, mutate to produce new species, develop and grow in the new environment, and then there will be a new generation of species outbreaks. So do silkworms and rice. In the process of human domestication, they did lose some properties, but after adapting to human screening, they will still produce some new properties because of the existence of mutation. But these disappearing species, disappearing attributes, may never be found again.

To understand this problem, I put down my papers and looked at the lush peaks in the distance. I couldn't help but sigh that it is life that makes the world full of vitality. So, no matter what the ideal salary is, brother, I am really proud to be a student.

Education bottleneck

In the morning, the dreamer wakes up and recalls his dream. He dreamed that when he was in primary school, he would not recite the three-character classics and was scolded by the teacher. At that time, I thought he had almost succeeded. I didn't say that the teacher who had pulled her hair at the back hit me on the head with a shovel. Fortunately, I am quick-witted, but it is also a dream. My dream must have been decided by myself. I woke up in an instant. Fortunately, when I think back to my primary school days, my amethyst is not so miserable.

About when I was in the second grade of primary school, the homework that the primary school teacher once left us was to recite the three-character classics. At that time, eight or nine-year-old children may not listen to their parents, but they are absolutely loyal to their teachers. In the words of parents at that time, "teachers don't even fart", especially in our rural areas in the 1990s, when children asked their parents for tuition, the utilization rate was the highest. So at that time, I learned the three-character classics by heart. However, although the Saint Amethyst was not miserable, I can only think of the first sentence, "At the beginning of life, human nature is good. Sex is similar and learning is far away. "

When I was in high school, I read a book whose title I can't remember. In the book, I learned that at the end of the Warring States period, there was a Xunzi who advocated the theory of evil nature, which was completely opposite to the first sentence of Three Amethyst, and almost meant "the beginning of life, inherent vice". There seem to be several examples in the book to illustrate that when he was a child at the beginning of his life, his destructive power was extremely powerful. Now there is also a famous saying on the Internet, "Xiong Haizi, don't be taunted!" . Even Durex manufacturers saw this business opportunity, made a short film, messy room, sad parents, and Xiong Haizi, who didn't close for three days and went into the house to uncover the tiles ... The intention of the merchants need not be emphasized too much here. Friends with naughty children at home may feel the same way.

When I was a second-year graduate student, I came across a message while browsing the web. An anthropological research institute in Germany, when studying the baby's response to the environment, unexpectedly found that all babies are "good children" who help others. Psychological researchers do simple actions in front of a group of babies who can only crawl every day, such as hanging towels with clips and folding books. After a period of time, researchers will deliberately screw up these simplest tasks. Like dropping a clip or knocking over a pile of books. At this time, all 24 babies in the lab showed their intention to help in a few seconds.

Is human nature good or evil at the beginning of life? This is a topic that people have been arguing for thousands of years. We can analyze this problem. For babies, there is no distinction between good and evil, because they simply don't know which behaviors are right and which are wrong. Ignorance has nothing to do with good or evil. Didn't the ancients also say, "I don't blame those who don't know." At the beginning of life, there is no distinction between good and evil.

In real life, we seldom meet bad people. Mao Zedong once said that "more than 95% people in China are good people". So, this is statistically significant. This is due to education. At first, people can be compared to a blank sheet of paper. There are many ways to draw something on this piece of white paper, such as the sad and happy smile in Mona Lisa, or the darkness, such as the lonely and desperate scream. If the child is left alone from the beginning, he will be influenced by the surrounding environment. He doesn't know what is light and what is dark, so he chooses a path. Let's tell another story to illustrate the problem!

1920, in Midnapol, a small town in the northeast of Kolkata, India, people often saw a "mysterious creature" haunting the nearby forest. Often at night, two "humanoid monsters" landing on all fours follow the three wolves. Later, people killed the wolf, and finally found these two "monsters" in the wolf's den, which turned out to be two naked girls. The oldest is about seven or eight years old and the youngest is about two years old. Their living habits are the same as those of wolves; Walking on all fours; Sleep during the day and come out at night, afraid of fire, light and water; I only know that when I'm hungry, I look for food, and when I'm full, I sleep. Eat meat instead of vegetarian food; Eat meat without hands, put it on the ground and tear it with your teeth; I can't speak, but I have learned the language of wolves, and I will howl like a wolf after midnight. Later, the two little girls were sent to the orphanage in Midnapo and raised, and they were named. The older one is kamala, and the younger one is Amara. The following year, Amara died. After seven years of education, Kamala mastered 4 5 words, barely learned a few words, and began to move towards people's living habits. When she died, she was estimated to be around 16 years old, but her intelligence was only equivalent to that of a child of 3 or 4 years old. This is the once sensational "Wolf Child" incident.

Wolf children are human beings and have the habit of wolves, which is the result of wolf education. Imagine if they grew up in human society and received a normal education, just like us ordinary people. This is the function of human education. There is also a "bottleneck" in the whole education process. People are initially plastic in many directions, which is called "wildness" for the time being. "Wild" can have what we think is good or bad. Therefore, when a baby grows up in a wolf environment, it can be shaped into a wolf habit, and when it grows up in other wild animals, it can also be shaped into a certain wild animal habit. However, as people grow up day by day, they come into contact with things in human society, such as language, body movements and manners. And gradually get rid of their own "wildness" and form some of their own codes of conduct. For example, we know that we can't go shopping naked unless we want to play performance art; You can't pee in the street like a dog, unless you can't hold back after drinking too much, or you have mental problems; You can't just point fingers at others unless you want to provoke them or something. Finally, after coming out of the bottle mouth of education, some of my "evil" thoughts or behaviors have been eliminated, and I have become a person who can adapt to society and live in harmony with people around me. Of course, education can't process us into identical products like a factory, because everyone is different. Educated people will more or less leave some of their own characters or develop some new characteristics. As we saw in some news today, some graduates from famous universities became CEOs, some were exiled, and some chose to sell pork. Using the knowledge and ability we have gained from education, we can draw inferences from others. After the bottleneck, there is an open field, but it has changed from absolute freedom to relative freedom.

"At the beginning of life, human nature is good", I have a new understanding of this sentence. Perhaps it is not that people are born good, but the real meaning is that people have the heart, desire and strength to be good, and the trend of human nature is always good. This is all due to education. The original intention of education is to eliminate "evil" rather than obliterate individuality.

Thinking bottleneck

On summer nights, there are many mosquitoes living on the second floor.

Mosquitoes are rampant, hiding in mosquito nets, listening to the avalanche hum of mosquitoes, but I can't get in. I feel so good in my heart.

I just finished reading a story in those things in the Ming Dynasty, so I grabbed my notebook and continued to write.

In A.D. 1399, Judy rose up, rebelled and usurped the throne, and the battle of Jingnan broke out. Judy's reactionary forces won successively, captured Youyan, defeated Geng Bingwen and Li Jinglong, and arrived at the gates of Jinan. Judy is in trouble. At this time, the capital was empty. If we attack the capital at this time, we will win. The biggest obstacle is Jinan City, Shandong Province. The folk customs here are tough, the soldiers are brave, and the famous soldiers Tiexuan and Sheng Yong are guarding them. It's hard to call anyway. In Judy's view, this is a very difficult obstacle to overcome! So Judy is very depressed. If he wants to take Jianwen Emperor, he has to take the capital first, and if he wants to take the capital, he has to take Shandong. However, Shandong cannot be shaken. Judy found him dead. While deep in thought, a monk named Yao told him that our goal is only the capital, and all roads lead to the capital. Why don't we go around Shandong? Chu woke up from a dream and suddenly realized that he led the troops to Nanjing, seized the country and made great achievements in imperial industry.

People often fall into some dead ends when thinking about problems. Here, Judy fell into a dead end of thinking. He thinks that if we want to win Nanjing, we must win Jinan first, regardless of "detour" and fall into an infinite loop. This is a habit of thinking. It seems that everyone has one habit or another. Good habits can make people behave more steadily. However, in some cases, habits can get in your way, just like Judy. Without the guidance of the monk, I think Judy's next strategy is to draw her sword and commit suicide.

Just writing here, I found my thoughts terrible. Why do I think of suicide? If I were Judy, I would kill myself? How can I have this idea? Search for the word "suicide" on Baidu News immediately, and all kinds of news related to "suicide" immediately appeared on the screen. Some people have found that most suicides are characterized by being too introverted, lonely, paranoid, too serious, too responsible, lacking hobbies and emotionally unstable. This reminds me of a story I once saw in The Reader.

As one of Hong Kong's four great talents, David Henry Hwang has experienced such a thing. A lovelorn woman called James J.S.Wong at night and said that she was in pain and wanted to commit suicide. Y.s. ho also didn't ask more, just ask out together. The meeting place is a restaurant that opened late. It's very lively. It is naturally impossible for two people to talk in the midst of all the noise. This is how ungrateful men fail. James J.S.Wong ordered first, and ordered a steamed Napoleon wrasse (I don't know what Napoleon wrasse is, but I think this dish should be great). A few commonplaces, the woman was about to complain, Napoleon wrasse served. Let's talk after eating. This is James J.S. Wong's strategy. When the whole Napoleon wrasse ate the remaining chops, the two were happy, and the other woman was full and upset, and could no longer complain, let alone commit suicide. The most classic "golden sentence" at present is: it's a pity to die if there is such delicious food.

The story is over. Although Cai Lan, the author of the story, said that this story is not to teach people how to persuade the suicide girl to turn back, I think it is more like the process of this suicide girl breaking through the bottleneck of thinking. When she was obsessed with the relationship between men and women, her thinking entered a bottleneck, limited to how the man was. A mountain, a piece of water, a grass and a tree, a beam, a column, a table and a chair will remind him of that man. The more she thinks about it, the more she misses it. The more she missed it, the more she didn't want to live ... So the woman called the "emergency hotline" and Uncle Zhan saved it with a plate of Napoleon wrasse. I think that although the causes of suicide are different, most of them are trapped in the bottleneck of thinking. They think they have hit the bottleneck before them-death. Don't make a decision at this time. Why not let yourself live a few more days, bypass the tangled things in front of you, and try something you've always wanted to do but haven't had time to do, such as going to Amsterdam, and give yourself more time to see what else in this world makes you feel "it's a pity that such a good thing died"? Another example is to starve yourself for three days, and then eat fried rice with eggs. If you still feel that there is really nothing to miss at this time, it is not too late to die again. Think again, what are those who are not afraid of death afraid of? Consider yourself dead once, and from now on, bypass this life and start a new life.

It can be seen that the key to solving the bottleneck of thinking lies in "bypassing". As for how to "bypass" and how to "bypass", everyone's situation is very complicated. Or a specific problem, a specific analysis!

This late at night, after reading the previous content, I always feel a little BUG.

I think among the three bottlenecks, how can the thinking bottleneck be called a bottleneck? It's more like the 1 10 meter hurdle in Liu Xiang, because the way to cross the bottleneck is to bypass, not to cross.

I really don't know what the people who created the "bottleneck of thinking" thought at that time. Is this the legendary Klein bottle? If so, there is no difference between inside and outside the Klein bottle. Is it necessary to wrap it? Maybe this is just a conceptual concept.

However, imagine that if all thoughts are parallel, some will touch the bottle wall and some will lead to the bottle mouth. At this time, we need to find an idea that can pass the bottleneck in order to pass the bottleneck smoothly.

Sorry, I just looked at the table below. It's 1: 60 in the morning.

On impulse, it's so late and I have to work tomorrow. Good night, everyone. I'm going to sleep first!

Remarks: The original text of this article was published in Touch Huada Science and Technology magazine 20 14.

Brejan

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