has he made meritorious deeds

outstanding martial arts?

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to lay a vast territory in China.

the first emperor Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the Qin dynasty. However, with the vast territory of the Qin Empire, it is only half of the territory of the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty fought against the Huns for 44 years, and his martial arts was unprecedented among the emperors in China.

in the first year of jianyuan (the first 14 years), emperor wudi was in power. At that time, Xiongnu was arrogant and the western regions were mysterious.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty can never tolerate the "pro-diplomacy" of being the father and the father, and submit to humiliation in exchange for short peace. He has enough financial and human resources, persistent ambition and ambition to conquer and explore.

In the second year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (139 BC, the second year of Jianyuan), Zhang Qian was sent to Da Yueshi, hoping to form a strategic alliance against the Huns, reduce their living space and realize the strategic encirclement of the Huns. The 18-year-old emperor has such a vision. Who can compare with him? Zhang Qian's mission to the western regions opened up the eternal Silk Road and promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. The power of the Han regime in the Central Plains extended to the west of Xinjiang today.

in the eighth year of his reign (the second year of Yuanguang, the first 133 years), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty plotted for the first time to go to Xiongnu and lost the battle of Mayi. However, the short-term defeat did not affect the 24-year-old son of heaven's lofty sentiments. On the contrary, it prompted Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to cross the rubicon, resolutely abandoned the pro-China policy implemented by the Han Dynasty for nearly 7 years, and made an all-out attack on the Huns! Change the peace system into a war system, abandon the ancestral system and start a realistic system. The courage and courage in the meantime are amazing!

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once said in an imperial edict seeking for sages: If Gai has extraordinary merits, he must treat extraordinary people. This ambitious and earnest imperial edict is included in Xiao Tong's Selected Works, which has been told by heroes and sung by people with lofty ideals for thousands of years. In those days, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used this as a way to "broaden talents in the world". Today, it is even more appropriate to look back on the merits and demerits of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The reason why Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made extraordinary contributions is because he is an extraordinary person!

The Biography of General Wei's title of generals in ancient times records that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty intended to personally teach Huo Qubing the Art of War (Sun Wu's Art of War, which the son of heaven wanted to teach). Although Huo Qubing didn't learn it, it can be seen that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was well versed in the Art of War, which was the basis for him to become an outstanding strategic strategist.

When it comes to the military campaigns of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, people often call them Wei Qing, Huo Qubing and Li Guang. No one has noticed that behind the dazzling generals and handsome talents, far above the temple, the supreme commander who can compete with Alexander, Caesar and Napoleon in the west-Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to change the ancestral system and go to war against Hungary. Han Anguo, Ji An and other former ministers, Gong Sunhong and Zhufuyan, all of them sang against each other. Few ministers responded, and the first battle failed, but the young commander-in-chief remained unmoved. Since then, the battle of Henan, the battle of Monan, the battle of Mobei, and the three major battles against Xiongnu were all decided and deployed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. As for the specific time, location, deployment and direction of attack, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took everything into account.

At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pointed his sword at the east, south, southeast and northeast, making the forces of the Han Dynasty reach Central Asia in the west, Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan in the southwest, Heijiliao in the northeast and Hainan and Fujian in the south, which outlined the basic framework of modern Chinese territory.

but after 44 years of protracted war and war, it was a waste of money and people. Sima Qian was also very contradictory about the military diplomacy strategy of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Biography of Xiongnu in Historical Records is the first history of ethnic minorities in China. Sima Qian made a biography of Xiongnu and regarded Xiongnu as one of the descendants of the Chinese people, expressing his position on the nature of this war: it was a tragedy within the Chinese nation, and the war made both sides pay a high price.

although the Han empire at that time could not form a unified multi-ethnic background, the best way for the two peoples should be to live in peace. Unfortunately, in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the pro-pro-policy had come to a dead end, and Sima Qian had to use troops against Hungary, which was understandable. As the battle line stretched longer and longer, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty occasionally made mistakes, and Sima Qian was also saddened.

In order to favor Li Furen, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Li Guangli as the general of the Second Division and led tens of thousands of people to crusade against Dawan, but he envied his bloody BMW. As a result, after two years of fighting, the army lost eight tenths. So rash, can be described as disregard for human life!

If you want Hou Chong and Li Shi, you should worship Li Guangli as the second division general. There are 6, riders in the country and tens of thousands of evil teenagers in the county. In the past, they cut Wan. Period to the second division city, take a good horse, so the number two division generals.

time is a good medicine to heal wounds. In peacetime, people are determined, and we have long been unable to observe the pain caused by war; Therefore, today's evaluation is more rational than emotional. More than two thousand years ago, Sima Qian, together with the people all over the world, witnessed the ruins of his home and endured watching his peers become new ghosts; The conscience of a generation of historians made it impossible for Sima Qian to be indifferent to the harm of war, and it was bound to criticize Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for his years of war, which led to the decline of people's livelihood.

? Eternal civilization?

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to unify China's ideology and culture with Confucianism.

it is easy to unify the country, but difficult to gather people's hearts. Qin Huang and Han Wu deeply understand the samadhi. Qin Shihuang "burned books to bury Confucianism", while Han Wudi "respected Confucianism alone".

Before Dou Taihou's death, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty secretly set up a doctor of the Five Classics to lay the foundation for respecting Confucianism. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty couldn't wait, and the whole country elected virtuous people to speak out and dare to remonstrate. Dong Zhongshu, a lonely scholar, stood out from the crowd with Three Strategies for Heaven and Man. Since then, Confucianism, originally a folk school, has been designated as the official thought, which is closely related to politics and imperial power.

Accordingly, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Imperial College and Rural College, and established the system of recommending talents, which formed a unique civil service system in China. From the Qin dynasty to the early Han dynasty, the military merit system was used to select talents; In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it gradually changed into the system of inspection and recruitment, which fundamentally solved the situation of the lack of talents of the great man.

Wen Jing worships Huang Lao, is generous and does nothing, and condescends to rule; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, on the other hand, rebelled against the laws of his ancestors, respected Confucianism to restrain officials, followed the example of the family and severely punished corrupt officials, and was overbearing and staggered. Among them, respecting Confucianism and promoting education was the first to establish Imperial College, which had a profound influence on later generations. If it were not for this, why would Confucianism become "teaching"? If it were not for this, why would Chinese civilization survive? If this is not the case, how can learning to be excellent and being an official be reflected?

However, there are many people in later generations who deeply hate the Three Strategies of Heaven and Man and the exclusive respect for Confucianism. Their criticism is not unreasonable.

Confucianism's attitude towards China politics: people-oriented, people-oriented, monarch-oriented and country-oriented. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. "Respecting Confucianism alone" makes people know what a courtier should do, such as courtesy, righteousness, education and loyalty to the country. Confucianism regards the quality of talents as follows: if you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you are up to it, you will help the world. Confucianism regards morality as a measure of a person's quality and politics as a way to realize the value of life. In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the corresponding internal Confucian ruling thought was the centralized system. Qin Shihuang initiated a centralized political system; However, the Qin dynasty was short-lived and failed to design a set of ruling policies. The Western Han Dynasty, when it reached the Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, completely eliminated the separatist forces of the princes and consolidated the central political power.

Sima Qian applauded this! In the Biography of Hengshan Mountain in Huainan, Tai Shigong said:

Hengshan Mountain in Huainan is a vassal with a territory of thousands of miles. Don't obey the official position of a fan to support the son of heaven, but only rely on the devious strategy to resist, and still the father and son will die again, and each will die, laughing for the world.

Qin Xing county, neither king nor vassal, is a feudal system in the true sense of social politics. Liu Bangjian Han, the first king with different surnames, was later named the kings with the same surnames. From the perspective of the development of political system, it is undoubtedly a social retrogression. Then, Lv Hou sealed Zhulv, which eventually led to disaster. Therefore, until the Jingdi Dynasty, there was a rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms with Wu Chu. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took over from Qin Shihuang and went to counties to carry out state decrees. After that, in the Han Dynasty for 4 years, although there were consorts and partisans, there was no trouble of being a buffer region.

Not only that, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty explored many ways to strengthen centralization, and using cruel officials to crack down on powerful people was one of his great efforts.

it is imperative to crack down on lawless strongmen and corrupt officials. However, the extreme politics of cruel officials will inevitably bring various sequelae.

Sima Qian is blunt about this: he likes to fight and bully, but he doesn't love others. When the Emperor heard about it, he thought he could and moved to the rank of lieutenant.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty praised such a murderous demon, promoted him as a lieutenant, and gave him more power of life and death. Can Sima Qian, who suffered from castration and cruel officials, have no criticism?

? Mixed reputation?

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to criticize himself by "accusing himself".

in the fourth year of the conscription (the first 89 years), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty declared to the whole world that he had caused suffering to the people, and from then on, he no longer resorted to militarism, wasted people's money and even expressed his inner remorse. This is the "Guilt on the Wheel Platform". This imperial edict is the first imperial edict in the history of China.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was undoubtedly the first person who dared to sin against himself and put his fault at the center of public opinion in the world! At this point, future generations of emperors made a big mistake, and they will also "blame themselves", publicly admit their mistakes, and show the gesture of a wise monarch.

Ji An, an outspoken remonstrator, once criticized Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: The emperor killed too many people, even those he trusted on weekdays, and he would not forgive them. If this continues, all the talents in the world will be killed sooner or later. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was unmoved and smiled indifferently: There is no talent in the world, but the owner has no eye for talents. If you can identify talents, why worry about the lack of talents in the world? (Recruiting a scholar-bureaucrat is often insufficient. However, the nature is grim. Although the ministers always love the believers, they may break the law or bully them, and they need to punish them. Ji An remonstrated, saying, "Your majesty has been very diligent in seeking the virtuous, but he has failed to make the best use of it, so he has already been killed. With a limited number of people, I am afraid that all the talents in the world will be exhausted. Who is your majesty to rule with * * *? Dark words are very angry. Laughing at it, he said: Why is there no talent? The ear that the patient can't know. If you can know it, why not have anyone? The so-called talented person is still a useful tool, but he refuses to use it all. With no talent, why not kill? )

It is such a Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who regards talents as dirt. On the one hand, he loves and cherishes talents extremely.

under the feudal autocratic system, there are two bad habits in the use of talents: one is cronyism, and only people who are familiar with their cronies are used; Second, when it comes to seniority, we must follow the "thirty-nine steps" and climb up one level at a time, and we must not "mess up" the rules. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty will not be ruined by words: as long as he is talented, his father Yan holds different political views, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is still thirsty for talents; Second, dare to break the rules and promote: Because of his ability, Wei Qing was born as a slave, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was promoted by breaking the rules.

Not only that, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty even abandoned orthodoxy and accepted different kinds of people. He discovered Dong Fangshuo with an eye and turned the solemn court into a lounge full of warmth and happiness. The monarch and the minister were like playmates. At the same time, he didn't lose his principle because of profanity, but praised Dong Fangshuo's slanderous remarks and obeyed his orders.

When he first read Zi Xufu, he was greatly admired. Get to know the author Sima Xiangru, and if you get the treasure, let him enjoy the same writing treatment as himself. Being able to know people, tolerate people and use people, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is unique throughout the ages. Qin Shihuang and Emperor Gaozu regarded literati as corrupt scholars, while Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty might know people, but after all, their magnanimity was lacking.

and a mistake in his life was to castrate Sima Qian, the greatest historian in China history. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was misunderstood and disputed.

Sima Qian praised and criticized him in Historical Records, and Ban Gu's Records of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty praised his literary administration greatly:

Ban Gu praised: Xiao Wu was first established, and he ousted hundreds of schools with outstanding achievements, and he showed his six classics, so he sought advice from the sea and made contributions to it. Prospering imperial college, repairing rural worship, correcting new moons, determining the number of years, coordinating temperament, making poems and music, building a meditation, paying homage to hundreds of gods, and ordering articles after weeks of salt, which can be described in a new way. Heirs can follow Hongye and have the wind of three generations. For example, Emperor Wudi's talent is rough, and he does not change the courtesy and frugality of the landscape to help the people. Although the poems and books say, there is nothing to add.

Ban Gu said nothing about the martial arts of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, indicating that he had reservations about the martial arts of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

In Sima Guang's History as a Mirror, there are both praise and criticism:

Minister Guang said: filial piety is extravagant and extravagant, complicated punishment is heavy, the palace is extravagant at home, and foreign affairs are foreign. I'm so confused that I cruise too much. Few people are different from Qin Shihuang because they make the people tired and become thieves. However, if the Qin Dynasty died and the Han Dynasty prospered, the filial piety could respect Wang Zhidao first, keep what he knows and be loyal and straightforward. The wicked bully, the virtuous are tireless, and the punishment is strict. Change late, care for others. Is it because of the loss of Qin and the disaster of Qin?

Why do people have so different opinions about Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty?

First of all, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a man with many facets. He is a politician, very politically minded; But he is also an ordinary person, full of joys and sorrows. He is a wise gentleman and knows his historical responsibility; But he is also a tyrant, fighting willfully; He not only made great contributions to the world, but also brought great disasters to the whole world. He dotes on the woman he likes, but he not only moved on, but also killed his favorite woman for the sake of the country. He is extremely clever and extremely confused; For the legendary BMW, I did not hesitate to sacrifice tens of thousands of lives. When we get closer to him, we will find that in these opposing roles, he is not simply either one or the other. In a dilemma, when it is very urgent, he will be hesitant and even extremely painful; There are also ordinary people's joys and sorrows, meanness and calculation, insomnia and anxiety. In the eyes of ordinary people, he is decisive, confident and talented. However, when we make a final decision on him, we tend to be extreme and say that it will be a good time; When you say something bad, it's hard to write a book. In this way, differences are inevitable.

we can't use a single standard to evaluate anyone. Human nature is complicated, not to mention feudal emperors! Perhaps his kindness comes from the heart, or it may be a means to win people's hearts; Perhaps his bad behavior is caused by imperial power, and he has to do it, or it may be that he is so heartless and ungrateful by nature. Therefore, since we can't get rid of his imperial shackles, our evaluation can only wander between his two identities of emperor and mortal. How did the innocent "son" turn into a lovely and terrible emperor? How can it be all in one word?

As the saying goes:

The sky is full of wind, the vast sea is dry, and the golden horse is dead and wounded.

The Great Wall is majestic, the Silk Road is long, the wealth is magnificent, and the beauty is bleak and gone.

angry words and swords, the vertical and horizontal alliances, the inclination of the monarch and the minister, and the future generations of the country are gone;

Wei Jia has spread all over the world, and it has been a thousand years, and it is full of enthusiasm and gone.

Only the lone star Leng Yue, the morning bell and the evening drum, the blue lantern and the yellow scroll, and the village theater are commented on every year, and they sigh with each passing year.

25 historical initiatives of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty

1. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to use the title of the year. In 113 BC, the title of the year was created, first in six years (14-14) and then in four years (14-87).

2. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to formulate and promulgate the taichu calendar in a unified country, and it has been used since the first month of the year.

3. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the first biographical historical book "Historical Records" was written in China, which had a great influence on later historiography.

4. during the reign of emperor wudi of the Han dynasty, the map of Yu, which was recorded in historical books in China after the unification of Qin dynasty, was applied in April of the fourth year of Yuanshou.