Of course, the criticism about Hirohito is very diverse. In any sense, he is not a simple man. In fact, he is not a simple person in any sense. In fact, his personal account is not made public, which adds to this mystery. It is said that he wrote a diary of his personal life, but it was never published. Therefore, this controversy is still spreading today. Hirohito's image is: "A kind and introverted person, a scholar, a civilized and peaceful person. He found himself distorted by war and conquest. " It's a very popular saying. However, it is obviously too simplistic. This view holds that he is a peace-loving man and opposes war, but he doesn't know how or have the power to stop it.
Some people claim that Hirohito is a merciful emperor and bodhisattva. He lived a quiet and simple life and showed great sympathy for the suffering of his people. In other words, at present, more research based on the latest declassified documents shows that Hirohito is a well-informed, well-judged and clear-headed emperor. He knows how to exercise his power, and he knows how to express his dissatisfaction when necessary. He often consults with consultants and officials and holds numerous so-called "headquarters meetings". Holding a liaison meeting behind the scenes, he is not a person who knows nothing about his power and influence. There is evidence that Emperor Hirohito's war responsibility is indisputable. As the supreme commander of the Japanese army, he issued the final decision to carry out the war plan. Without his support, the war plan could not be carried out.
The case of Emperor Hirohito is complicated by the following factors: 1) his appearance and personal temperament, and 2) Japan's social class structure and irresponsible system within the emperor system. Undoubtedly, in terms of appearance and temperament, Hirohito and the evil genius Adolf? Hitler is nothing like him. Contrary to Hitler's harsh voice, extroverted rich and powerful language and good performance ability, Hirohito is shy, embarrassed and introverted. There are almost no public appearances and speeches. He lacks a tool to live on a huge scale, just like the tools of his envious grandfather, Emperor Meiji. Many people noticed that Hirohito was short, with a sharp voice and no extraordinary intelligence and imagination. He has a hunchback and wears a platform shoes. When he was preparing a trip to the countryside in 192 1, his cronies were worried about his health because he showed a certain degree of personal insecurity and tension.
This is a missing passage in the will. Before the last paragraph, the latest research on Hirohito was conducted by Herbert? p？ Bilus's landmark work is based on the most complete and effective data. His judgment is harsh. Bicks wrote: "He, Hirohito, is actually much more lively, intelligent and powerful than most people think ... In the first 22 years of his rule, (1924- 1945) he exercised great influence. Whenever he is faced with a choice, he is not weak. He deeply understands what not to say and what to do. "
Hirohito was greatly influenced by General Naimu in his early years. He was a hero of the Russo-Japanese War. He protected the young Hirohito and taught him "frugality, elegance, patience, masculinity and the ability to control himself in a difficult situation." In general Naimu's ideal monarch, conscientiousness is as important as martial arts. Under Naimu's guidance, Hirohito realized his weakness very early, and he needed to work hard. "Although Hirohito is far from Naimu's ideal monarch, he is very enthusiastic about Hirohito. It is said that when he heard the news of the emperor's death, General Naimu met Hirohito and talked with him for three hours, asking him everything he learned in Naimu School. During this long meeting, Hirohito sat quietly, worried that his teacher would be disappointed if he got excited. After this time, General Naimu and his wife both had caesarean sections. Hirohito, unlike his three brothers, suppressed his emotions when he heard the news. Tears flowed in his eyes, and he could hardly speak. He can't control his emotions, although he is trained not to show them.
Under the arrangement of general Naimu, Hirohito's class schedule is carefully designed. Exercise for four hours every morning, and then have lunch. Hirohito usually eats western food and drinks a glass of milk alone, and has four hours of etiquette training in the afternoon, followed by physical exercise and military exercises. Hirohito also accepted many Confucian lessons, emphasizing that rulers should be kind to the people and the people should show loyalty to those above them. Everyone knows his position in the social system. In his adult life, young and introverted Hirohito developed a hobby of insects and marine life, which became his lifelong hobby.
Hirohito's appearance, especially in his old age, inspired Suga Yoshihide to declare Hirohito "a compassionate emperor". He met Hirohito only once at the age of 80, when he was awarded this honor in the palace. KANAJI was shocked by his reverence for the thin and humble emperor. In KANAJI's love narrative, he wrote: "From the Buddhist point of view, it can be said that the emperor has an expression of three leaves or nothing, and I think the frankness of this lignin is the key to the emperor's personality. After deeply thinking, KANAJI asserted that how should Hirohito be evaluated? The emperor touched him so much with his absolute Spring Festival. This selfless emperor's modesty contains sympathy for others and his aunt. I believe in this bodhisattva. It's too difficult to get to know each other. First of all, Professor KANAJI completely ignored amusing the Asia-Pacific War and studying abroad in the name of Hirohito.
Hirohito achieved another sensational success in 1975. He met Mickey Mouse in the famous Disney World, and Mickey Mouse stood beside him. Hirohito, an elderly smiling man, created a vicious and peace-loving image of the emperor. Inadvertently, he was at a loss for militaristic officials and advisers in the war.
Many people chat and care about Hirohito, who is basically a charitable person. He longed for peace, but was dominated by the storm of war. On the other hand, he has been advocated as the center of the Japanese government and the universe since his birth. Although nominally a constitutional monarch, he is a holy emperor and a direct descendant of the goddess of the sun. The Meiji Constitution declared him "sacred and inviolable". In order to maintain and protect the emperor's throne and oppose the enemy, the emperor must be able to show that he will not commit any crimes or commit any crimes. In order to ensure their own survival, Emperor Hirohito and his advisers had to be restricted to express their views in a straightforward way.
Although he has strong views on many issues, he almost never reveals any information to the small circle outside the consultant. The task of "shaping the emperor" had the most important influence in Hirohito's childhood and early adulthood. He controlled his emotions, talked as little as possible, and always made the gesture of the supreme leader to hide behind the mask, which made Hirohito's participation in war decision-making vague and ambiguous. For example, in the decisive command meeting to carry out the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hirohito quoted a famous saying of his grandfather Emperor Meiji, declaring: "Although I regard the surrounding waters as my brother, he asked his officials and advisers to think about his real feelings, and his statements often sounded like Delphi Oracle. They are vague and can be understood in many ways. Therefore, his loyal subjects, such as Tojo and others, have to learn to observe his attitude, expression and body movements in order to understand his true intentions. In addition, he also showed a strong sense of responsibility to the emperor. By standing in the rain and inspecting students and soldiers, he often ignores physical activity and happiness in order to understand the problems about the government and the country.
Use the most praise to describe Hirohito as a peaceful person. HONJO, Hirohito's chief bodyguard, recorded Hirohito's reaction to the Japanese armed aggression against China. "I believe that international justice and integrity are very important, and I want to fight for the maintenance of international peace ..." But the overseas troops (Kwantung Army) did not listen to my orders and arbitrarily expanded the situation. They seem to want to conquer China by military force, which brings me endless pain, which may lead to the intervention of big powers and the destruction of our country and nation ... I can't sleep at night when I think about these problems. The truth is.
Contrary to Hirohito's view that he is a philanthropic and powerless pacifist, he has great power and authority entrusted to him by the Constitution. According to the imperial system at that time, the emperor held the supreme sovereignty. He was not just a puppet leader, but a puppet of the army, as some people claimed. 1889 the constitution gives him decisive power. "The Constitution declares that the Emperor is the unbreakable heir of the sacred blood and is succeeded by men. According to this principle, the government obeys the leadership of the emperor. It stipulates that the emperor is "the head of the empire" and "the supreme commander of the armed forces". Article 1 1 of the Meiji Constitution stipulates that "the emperor has the supreme leadership of Lu Haijun", article 12 stipulates that "the emperor decides the organization and peace of Lu Haijun" and article 13 stipulates that "the emperor has the right to declare war, make peace and sign treaties". He also has the right to convene and dissolve the imperial parliament and issue imperial decrees to replace laws.
Even with these seemingly unlimited powers, in the social background of Japan, the emperor still has to think twice before acting. He must train himself to act cautiously and thoughtfully. His holiness did not allow him to make any mistakes, so that he lost the respect of officials. He must learn to use power in subtle ways, such as hinting, expressing in euphemism, warning, questioning, or using meaningful silence. In fact, he asked directly: Prime Minister, what did you do to dissolve his cabinet? Did you dissolve it? At this time, his prime minister and cabinet will consider automatic dissolution.
Herbert? p？ Bicks and IROKAKA DAKICHI said many times in their works that Hirohito's military adviser told him all the war plans and strategies. From 1938 1 to1941kloc-0/2, Hirohito convened eight command meetings to discuss the war plan.
Hirohito participated in and made all the important decisions, and Hirohito could not ignore everything that happened. He was full of enthusiasm for the early victory of the Japanese war, and described Hirohito's joy when he learned that Japan had won the Pacific War in his diary.
The emperor smiled like a child: "War Army" He said: "It was almost too close to the eyes of the IAAF. The enemy on the front line of Jawa surrendered in Bandung. Now our army is negotiating the surrender of the Dutch East Indian forces, the enemy of Surabaya has surrendered, and the enemy of the front line of Myanmar has given up Yangon. " "He is so happy."
The above paragraph is printed in small font.
Perhaps at first, Hirohito was reluctant. He soon fell into the fanaticism of war and became a main battle emperor. When the Japanese army continued to March into Southeast Asia, although Hirohito was not responsible for launching the war, he delayed the end of the war, resulting in the death of millions of victims in Japan and Asia. For nearly a year, in the face of defeat, he inspired his generals in Lu Haijun to win the final victory to ensure a better peace situation. During this period, another 6.5438+0.5 million Japanese were killed, but Hirohito's most loyal official, former Prime Minister tojo hideki, made a mistake in the Tokyo war crimes trial. He exposed the fact that "no Japanese dared to disobey the emperor's will" and shocked the court. This means that there is no doubt that the emperor was fundamentally involved in the war responsibility-if this statement is true, but because MacArthur decided not to involve the emperor in the war trial under any circumstances, tojo hideki revised his statement under the guidance of American Attorney General Keenan. So until today, the problem of war responsibility has not been solved, and the emperor has assumed the responsibility of war. This is still an unsolved problem.
However, the emperor's lack of responsibility for war may be a double-edged sword. On the one hand, Hirohito is allowed to remain in power for 44 years and rebuild Japan into a world economic power. On the other hand, it hinders Japan's moral growth, moral responsibility and historical injustice. Although he has always denied it, the sins of the past will not disappear. Regrettably, Emperor Hirohito did not mention any background in his summons when Japan surrendered. He denied Japanese aggression. It is claimed that the purpose of declaring war on the United States and Britain is to "ensure Japan's right to self-defense and the stability of East Asia", and Japan has no intention of "infringing on the sovereignty of East Asian countries for territorial expansion", so it does not admit any misconduct and does not commit any war crimes.
However, recent world developments, such as democratization, economic growth and globalization in Asian countries, have emphasized this need and demanded some countries to take moral actions. Admitting one's obvious historical crimes, morality and justice have attracted more and more attention as a political issue. "Many Japanese citizens have realized that they need to acknowledge Japan's past aggression against Asian countries. Nobel Prize in Literature winner Kenzaburo Oe wrote: "Generally speaking, Japan and the Japanese people must work hard for reconciliation with Asia. In the modern history of our country, it is particularly important to point out that the war of aggression is the most important thing. We have lost the right to become a member of Asia, and if we don't restore this right, we will continue to live.
DJI continued to write in powerful language: "Japan and its willingness to reflect on the past are not only morally disgusting, but also prevent Japan and Asia from playing their due roles."
In his conclusion, bicks pointed out that Japan and the United States have other purposes in secretly eliminating war responsibility, so it is difficult for Japan to fully reflect on its recent history. Finally, Emperor Hirohito refused to admit his responsibility for the war, and under his influence, millions of people died. At the same time, the Japanese army committed numerous atrocities in his name in China, South Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia and other Pacific Rim countries. His ability to face the people and the world shows that he is quite shrewd and dishonest. Hirohito met MacArthur 1 1 times after his surrender, hoping to be protected from other allies trying to regard the emperor as a war criminal.
Emperor Hirohito was surrounded and protected by his advisers and officials all his life, and later by the United States, which needed him and his country as allies against the Soviet Union and China in the Cold War. As a result, his 1975 visit to the United States was welcomed. A reporter asked him how much the changes in Japan after the war were worth, and he gave an unknown answer. The emperor replied, "I think all kinds of people have a lot of opinions about the outcome of the war." From the broadest perspective, I don't think there has been any change before and after the war. " This seems to imply that the emperor and his people have not learned any lessons from the war experience, which is really a sad comment.
Recently, 1990 65438+ In February, after Hirohito's death, Emperor Akihito succeeded to the throne and the new emperor held a press conference. When he was asked about the war, he replied, "My generation has not had a war for a long time. Therefore, we have no time to reflect on the war. " This is an opportunity for the Emperor's family to avoid this issue again, and Hirohito became a symbol of the Japanese people's suppression of the war history. Therefore, his son, Emperor Akihito, continued to play the role of his father denying history and thought that Japan's behavior of forgetting history was improper. Therefore, in the later period of the war, the Emperor's family lacked any sense of guilt about the millions of lives lost in the war, and the core role of the Emperor's family in the war must be investigated. We should study the international women's war crimes trial from June 5438 to February 2000: the "inviolable" Emperor Hirohito was tried after his death.